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Total Categories: 6
Michael Witzel argues that dowry was a widespread and significant practice throughout ancient Indian history, as evidenced by early Vedic literature.
Answer: False
Michael Witzel argues that dowry was not a significant practice during the Vedic period, contrary to the assertion that it was widespread and evidenced in early Vedic literature.
MacDonell and Keith's interpretation of ancient Indian texts indicates that bridewealth, paid by the groom, was more common than dowry, except in specific cases.
Answer: True
MacDonell and Keith's interpretation of ancient Indian texts suggests bridewealth was more common than dowry, except in specific instances such as when the bride had a physical defect.
Arrian and Megasthenes observed that dowry was a primary consideration for marriage in India during the time of Alexander the Great's conquest.
Answer: False
Arrian and Megasthenes observed that dowry practices were infrequent or absent during Alexander the Great's conquest period, noting that beauty was valued over dowry.
Al-Biruni, an 11th-century scholar, noted that in India, the groom typically paid a dowry to the bride's family.
Answer: False
Al-Biruni, an 11th-century scholar, observed that in India, no dowry was settled between parties, and the groom typically gave a present to the wife.
The transfer of Bombay to the British Crown in 1661 was part of a dowry agreement involving Portuguese royalty.
Answer: True
The transfer of Bombay to the British Crown in 1661 was indeed part of a dowry agreement linked to the marriage of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of the Portuguese King.
What did Michael Witzel argue about the significance of dowry during the Vedic period?
Answer: It was not a significant practice.
Michael Witzel argued that dowry was not a significant practice during the Vedic period, based on his interpretation of ancient Indian literature.
Which historical accounts suggest dowry practices were infrequent or absent in India around 300 BCE?
Answer: Arrian and Megasthenes' accounts
Historical accounts from Arrian and Megasthenes suggest that dowry practices were infrequent or absent in India around 300 BCE.
The transfer of which territory to the British Crown in 1661 was linked to a royal dowry?
Answer: Bombay
The territory transferred to the British Crown in 1661 as part of a royal dowry was Bombay.
Traditionally, dowry in India was primarily intended to provide the bride with financial security after her marriage, regardless of her inheritance rights.
Answer: False
Traditionally, dowry was primarily intended as the daughter's inheritance, recognizing the severance of her ties to her parental family upon marriage. While it provided financial security, its conceptual basis was inheritance rather than a guarantee independent of inheritance rights.
Hypergamy, the practice of marrying a woman to someone of higher social status, is not linked to the dowry system in India.
Answer: False
Hypergamy, the practice of marrying a woman to someone of higher social status, is strongly linked to the dowry system in India, often driving dowry payments to enhance family prestige.
In North India's patrilocal system, dowry is seen as a form of premortem inheritance for the bride moving to her husband's family.
Answer: True
In North India's patrilocal system, where a bride moves to her husband's family, dowry is often conceptualized as a form of premortem inheritance for the bride.
Marriage kinship in South India, often involving cross-cousins, tends to increase the prevalence of dowry compared to North India.
Answer: False
Marriage kinship structures in South India, often involving cross-cousins and potential land inheritance for brides, tend to decrease dowry prevalence in favor of bride price systems, contrary to the statement.
A 1980 study found that younger generations in India had completely abandoned the expectation of receiving dowry.
Answer: False
A 1980 study indicated a generational gap, finding that while younger generations viewed dowry as unimportant, a significant portion of their parents still expected it, meaning it was not completely abandoned.
Dowry prevalence is generally higher in Southern states of India across all socioeconomic classes compared to Northern states.
Answer: False
Dowry prevalence is generally higher in Northern states across all socioeconomic classes compared to Southern states, where bride price is more common.
According to traditional views, what was the primary purpose of dowry in India?
Answer: As a form of inheritance for the daughter, acknowledging severed ties to her parental family.
Traditionally, dowry was viewed as the daughter's inheritance, recognizing the severance of her ties with her parental family upon marriage. It also served as a means of social and economic equalization between the families.
Which social factor is identified as a driver for dowry payments, especially among upper castes in India?
Answer: Hypergamy
Hypergamy, the practice of marrying a woman to someone of higher social status, is identified as a significant driver for dowry payments, particularly among upper castes in India.
In North India's patrilocal system, dowry is sometimes viewed as:
Answer: A form of premortem inheritance for the bride.
Within North India's patrilocal system, dowry is sometimes viewed as a form of premortem inheritance for the bride, acknowledging her transition to her husband's family.
Compared to North India, marriages in South India often involve closer family relations and potentially decrease dowry prevalence in favor of:
Answer: Bride price
Compared to North India, marriages in South India, often involving closer family relations, tend to decrease dowry prevalence in favor of bride price systems.
What did a 1980 study reveal about generational attitudes towards dowry?
Answer: Students rejected dowry, but parents largely continued to expect it.
A 1980 study revealed a generational difference, with students largely rejecting dowry while a significant percentage of parents continued to expect it.
Which region in India is characterized by a higher likelihood of dowry participation across all classes, compared to regions where bride price is more common?
Answer: Northern states
Northern states are characterized by a higher likelihood of dowry participation across all classes, in contrast to regions where bride price is more prevalent.
India has no specific laws prohibiting the demand or payment of dowry.
Answer: False
India has enacted laws, such as the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, and specific sections in the Indian Penal Code (e.g., 304B and 498A), to prohibit the demand and payment of dowry and address related crimes.
The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 abolished the practice of dowry by granting daughters equal inheritance rights.
Answer: False
The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 granted daughters equal inheritance rights but did not abolish the practice of dowry, which persisted as a social mechanism for property transfer at marriage.
Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code was introduced to protect women from dowry harassment and cruelty by their husbands and families.
Answer: True
Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code was enacted to protect women against dowry harassment and cruelty perpetrated by their husbands and in-laws.
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code deals with the legal presumption of guilt for murder in general criminal cases.
Answer: False
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code specifically addresses dowry deaths, not general murder cases, and establishes a presumption of guilt for the husband and his family under specific conditions.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, focuses solely on financial abuse against women.
Answer: False
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, addresses multiple forms of abuse, not solely financial abuse.
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, permits voluntary gifts given to the bride as part of the dowry.
Answer: True
The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, prohibits the giving or taking of dowry, but it excludes voluntary gifts given to the bride.
Which Indian Penal Code section specifically addresses crimes related to dowry deaths?
Answer: Section 304B
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code specifically addresses dowry deaths.
How did the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 impact the distribution of parental property to daughters?
Answer: It granted daughters equal inheritance rights, but dowry continued as a social mechanism.
The Hindu Succession Act of 1956 granted daughters equal inheritance rights, though dowry persisted as a social mechanism for property distribution at marriage.
What legal presumption does Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code create in cases of dowry deaths?
Answer: Presumption that the husband and his family caused the death if dowry demands were made.
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code creates a legal presumption that the husband and his family caused the death if a woman dies unnaturally within seven years of marriage, having been subjected to dowry demands.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, aims to protect women against which types of abuse?
Answer: Physical, emotional, economic, and sexual abuse.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, aims to protect women against physical, emotional, economic, and sexual abuse, as well as intimidation and coercion.
What is the significance of Section 113B of the Indian Evidence Act concerning dowry deaths?
Answer: It creates a presumption of guilt for the husband and his family if a woman dies unnaturally within seven years of marriage due to dowry demands.
Section 113B of the Indian Evidence Act creates a presumption of guilt for the husband and his family if a woman dies unnaturally within seven years of marriage, having been subjected to dowry demands.
In the context of dowry laws, a 'cognizable offense' means police can arrest without a warrant and investigate without a magistrate's order.
Answer: True
The term 'cognizable offense' in the context of dowry laws signifies that police have the authority to arrest a suspect without a warrant and commence an investigation without prior magistrate approval.
The dowry system can impose a significant financial burden on the bride's family and has been linked to severe crimes against women.
Answer: True
The dowry system can impose a significant financial burden on the bride's family and has been linked to severe crimes against women, including emotional abuse, physical injury, and death.
The "menace of dowry" refers to voluntary wedding presents given to the bride by the groom's family.
Answer: False
The 'menace of dowry' refers to the coercive demands and dictation of gifts by the groom's family, rather than voluntary wedding presents.
Dowry-related crimes in India are limited to emotional abuse and do not include physical violence or death.
Answer: False
Dowry-related crimes encompass a range of offenses, including emotional abuse, physical violence, torture, harassment, abetment to suicide, and dowry death.
"Bride burning" is a term used to describe a bride's family voluntarily setting fire to the groom's property.
Answer: False
"Bride burning" refers to a bride being set ablaze by her husband or his family, typically due to dissatisfaction with dowry demands, not a voluntary act by the bride's family against the groom's property.
Cruelty, as a dowry crime, is defined as any form of disagreement between spouses.
Answer: False
Cruelty, in the context of dowry crimes, is defined as torture or harassment aimed at forcing compliance with dowry demands, not merely any disagreement between spouses.
Abetment to suicide is not considered a dowry crime, even if linked to marital harassment.
Answer: False
Abetment to suicide is considered a dowry crime when continuous abuse or harassment by the husband or his family leads a woman to commit suicide.
The term "menace of dowry" specifically refers to:
Answer: Coercion by the groom's family to dictate dowry demands.
The 'menace of dowry' specifically refers to the coercive demands and dictation of gifts by the groom's family upon the bride's family.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a dowry-related crime?
Answer: Disputes over property inheritance unrelated to marriage
While physical violence, abetment to suicide, and dowry death are recognized dowry-related crimes, disputes over property inheritance unrelated to marriage are not specifically categorized as such within the context of dowry laws.
What is "bride burning" in the context of dowry deaths?
Answer: A bride being set ablaze by her husband or his family due to dowry dissatisfaction.
"Bride burning" is a term for dowry death where a bride is set ablaze by her husband or his family, typically as a consequence of unmet dowry demands.
What is the definition of cruelty in the context of dowry crimes?
Answer: Torture or harassment to meet demands for property or valuable security.
In dowry crimes, cruelty is defined as torture or harassment inflicted to compel the woman or her family to meet demands for property or valuable security.
How can abetment to suicide be linked to dowry-related abuse?
Answer: When continuous abuse by the husband/family drives a woman to suicide.
Abetment to suicide is linked to dowry-related abuse when continuous abuse or harassment by the husband or his family compels a woman to commit suicide.
The 2005 documentary "Runaway Grooms" highlighted a practice where Indo-Canadian men abandoned brides after receiving dowry in India.
Answer: True
The 2005 documentary "Runaway Grooms" exposed the practice of Indo-Canadian men abandoning brides in India after receiving dowry, subsequently returning to Canada.
In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that arrests under Section 498A of the IPC could be made automatically upon a wife's complaint.
Answer: False
The Supreme Court's 2014 ruling in the Arnesh Kumar case stipulated that arrests under Section 498A of the IPC require magistrate approval, thereby prohibiting automatic arrests based solely on a wife's complaint.
Criticisms of India's dowry laws suggest they are ineffective due to strong enforcement and clear statutes.
Answer: False
Criticisms of India's dowry laws suggest they are ineffective due to vague statutes and poor enforcement, rather than strong enforcement.
The Atul Subhash suicide case highlighted issues such as men's rights in marital conflicts and the impact of dowry laws on men.
Answer: True
The Atul Subhash suicide case brought attention to issues concerning men's rights in marital conflicts and the impact of dowry and domestic violence laws on men.
Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code was modified by the Supreme Court to:
Answer: Require magistrate approval for arrests.
In 2014, the Supreme Court ruled that arrests under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code require magistrate approval, aiming to prevent arbitrary arrests and misuse of the law.
Some feminists criticized the Supreme Court's Arnesh Kumar ruling regarding arrests under Section 498A.
Answer: True
Some feminists criticized the Supreme Court's Arnesh Kumar ruling, believing it weakened women's negotiating power and made it harder for victims to seek justice and protection.
What is a primary criticism regarding the effectiveness of India's dowry laws?
Answer: They are vague, poorly enforced, and hindered by societal norms.
A primary criticism is that India's dowry laws are often vague, poorly enforced, and undermined by prevailing societal norms.
What did the Supreme Court observe in the Preeti Gupta case concerning anti-dowry laws?
Answer: The laws were being misused and needed more detailed investigation.
In the Preeti Gupta case, the Supreme Court noted the misuse of anti-dowry laws and recommended more detailed investigations into such cases.
What societal issues did the Atul Subhash suicide case bring to light?
Answer: Men's rights, impact of dowry laws on men, and judicial process concerns.
The Atul Subhash suicide case highlighted societal issues including men's rights in marital conflicts, the impact of dowry laws on men, and concerns regarding judicial processes.
The conviction rate for dowry offenses in India in 2012 was approximately 15%.
Answer: True
According to 2012 statistics, the approximate conviction rate for dowry offenses in India was 15%.
What was the approximate conviction rate for dowry offenses in India according to 2012 statistics?
Answer: Approximately 15%
According to 2012 statistics, the approximate conviction rate for dowry offenses in India was 15%.
The dowry system in India, also known as 'dahej', involves the bride's family providing gifts to the groom's family as a marriage condition.
Answer: True
The dowry system in India, commonly referred to as 'dahej', involves the bride's family providing gifts, cash, or property to the groom and his family as a condition of marriage.
Among Indian Muslims, 'jahez' refers to the dower required by Sharia law to be gifted to the bride.
Answer: False
Among Indian Muslims, 'jahez' refers to the dowry provided by the bride's family to the groom's family. This is distinct from 'mahr', which is the dower required by Sharia law for the groom to give to the bride.
'Stridhan' historically referred to property or valuable security given to the groom's family as part of the dowry.
Answer: False
'Stridhan' historically referred to property or valuable security given to the bride, intended to provide her with financial security and control over her assets, not given to the groom's family.
What is the Hindi term for the dowry system in India?
Answer: Dahej
The dowry system in India is also known as 'dahej' in Hindi.
In Indian Muslim contexts, what is 'jahez'?
Answer: The dowry provided by the bride's family to the groom's family.
In Indian Muslim contexts, 'jahez' refers to the dowry given by the bride's family to the groom's family, which is distinct from 'mahr', the dower mandated by Sharia law for the groom to provide to the bride.
Historically, what was the intended purpose of 'stridhan' in relation to dowry?
Answer: To provide the bride with economic security and control over her assets.
Historically, 'stridhan' (woman's property) was intended to provide the bride with economic security and control over her assets, often comprising the dowry given to her.