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The East Africa Protectorate was established on July 1, 1895, succeeding the administration previously held by the Imperial British East Africa Company.
Answer: True
The East Africa Protectorate was officially established on July 1, 1895. Prior to this, the Imperial British East Africa Company had administered the territory, but its charter was revoked, leading to direct British administration.
The Imperial British East Africa Company was chartered in 1888 and initially administered the dependency.
Answer: True
The Imperial British East Africa Company received its charter in 1888 and subsequently assumed administrative responsibilities in the region, which formed the basis for the later protectorate.
The Berlin Conference of 1885 directly established the East Africa Protectorate's administration.
Answer: False
The Berlin Conference of 1885 was instrumental in defining the spheres of influence for European powers in Africa, thereby influencing the context for the establishment of the East Africa Protectorate, but it did not directly establish its administration.
The East Africa Protectorate was primarily established due to the efforts of explorers seeking new trade routes.
Answer: False
The establishment of the East Africa Protectorate was primarily driven by British commercial interests and the desire to secure a sphere of influence, rather than solely by the efforts of explorers seeking trade routes.
When was the East Africa Protectorate officially established?
Answer: July 1, 1895
The East Africa Protectorate was officially established on July 1, 1895, marking the beginning of direct British administration following the withdrawal of the Imperial British East Africa Company.
Which event helped define the British sphere of influence in East Africa prior to the protectorate's formal establishment?
Answer: The Berlin Conference of 1885
The Berlin Conference of 1885 was crucial in delineating European powers' spheres of influence in Africa, thereby shaping the geopolitical context that led to the formal establishment of the East Africa Protectorate.
The East Africa Protectorate existed in its original form until which date?
Answer: July 23, 1920
The East Africa Protectorate, in its original form, ceased to exist on July 23, 1920, when its inland territories were annexed to become the Colony of Kenya.
The East Africa Protectorate emerged from which primary driver in the 1880s?
Answer: British commercial interests in the region.
The establishment of the East Africa Protectorate was primarily driven by British commercial interests and the desire to secure a sphere of influence, rather than solely by exploration or missionary activities.
Nairobi served as the administrative center of the East Africa Protectorate throughout its entire existence.
Answer: False
While Nairobi became the capital, it was not the administrative center for the entire duration of the Protectorate's existence; Mombasa served as the initial administrative center.
In 1905, the administration of the East Africa Protectorate was transferred from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office.
Answer: True
Following the Imperial British East Africa Company's withdrawal, the Foreign Office assumed responsibility for the Protectorate's administration in 1895. This responsibility was subsequently transferred to the Colonial Office in 1905.
In 1905, the capital was moved from Mombasa to Nairobi, coinciding with the transfer to the Colonial Office.
Answer: True
The administrative capital of the East Africa Protectorate was relocated from Mombasa to Nairobi in 1905. This move occurred concurrently with the transfer of administrative oversight from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office.
A formal government structure with a governor and legislative councils was established by Order in Council in 1906.
Answer: True
The Order in Council in 1906 formalized the governmental structure of the East Africa Protectorate, establishing the position of Governor and instituting legislative and executive councils.
Which company initially held administrative authority over the East Africa Protectorate after its charter in 1888?
Answer: The Imperial British East Africa Company
The Imperial British East Africa Company was chartered in 1888 and was granted the authority to administer the dependency, laying the groundwork for the formal protectorate.
What significant administrative change occurred in 1905 concerning the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: The capital was moved from Mombasa to Nairobi, and administration transferred to the Colonial Office.
In 1905, the administrative capital was relocated from Mombasa to Nairobi, and administrative oversight transitioned from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office.
What was the initial administrative center of the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: Mombasa
Mombasa served as the primary administrative center for the East Africa Protectorate during its early years, prior to the capital's relocation to Nairobi.
Who was appointed as the first governor under the 1906 Order in Council?
Answer: Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler
Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler was appointed as the inaugural governor and commander-in-chief under the governmental structure established by the 1906 Order in Council.
What was the primary reason for the transfer of the East Africa Protectorate's administration from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office?
Answer: A shift towards more direct colonial rule.
The transfer of administration from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office in 1905 signified a move towards more direct imperial governance and management of the territory's development and resources.
The East Africa Protectorate encompassed territory that is now primarily part of Uganda and Tanzania.
Answer: False
The East Africa Protectorate primarily occupied the territory that now constitutes Kenya. While it bordered Uganda, its direct administration did not extend significantly into what is modern-day Uganda or Tanzania.
The boundaries of the East Africa Protectorate were expanded in 1902 to include territory previously part of the Southern Province of Uganda.
Answer: True
In 1902, the protectorate's boundaries were extended to incorporate the territory that had previously constituted the Eastern Province of Uganda.
The East Africa Protectorate bordered the Congo Free State to the west.
Answer: False
The East Africa Protectorate bordered the Protectorate of Uganda to the west, not the Congo Free State.
What was the primary geographical area encompassed by the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: Roughly the same territory as present-day Kenya.
The East Africa Protectorate occupied a territory that closely approximates the geographical area of modern-day Kenya, extending inland from the coast.
What was the approximate area of the East Africa Protectorate in 1904?
Answer: 696,400 square kilometers
In 1904, the geographical area of the East Africa Protectorate was approximately 696,400 square kilometers (equivalent to 268,900 square miles).
Which territory was incorporated into the East Africa Protectorate in 1902?
Answer: The Eastern Province of Uganda
In 1902, the boundaries of the East Africa Protectorate were extended to include territory previously designated as the Eastern Province of Uganda.
Lord Delamere was instrumental in promoting the settlement of Afrikaners in the Kenya highlands.
Answer: False
While Lord Delamere was a key figure in promoting white settlement in the Kenya highlands, his efforts were primarily focused on British settlers, not specifically Afrikaners.
The East Africa Syndicate was granted land in 1902 specifically to facilitate the settlement of Indian merchants.
Answer: False
The land grant to the East Africa Syndicate in 1902 was intended to promote white settlement in the Highlands region, not the settlement of Indian merchants.
The Uganda Scheme proposed in 1903 involved offering land to Zionist settlers.
Answer: True
The Uganda Scheme, championed by Joseph Chamberlain, proposed in 1903 to offer land in the Uasin Gishu area to Zionist settlers, although this plan was ultimately not implemented.
Legislation banning cannabis, referred to as 'bhang', was enacted in the Protectorate in 1914.
Answer: True
In 1914, the British government enacted legislation to ban cannabis, commonly known as 'bhang,' within the Protectorate.
The East Africa Protectorate initially used its own official stamps from its establishment in 1895.
Answer: False
Initially, the East Africa Protectorate utilized overprinted stamps from India and the Imperial British East Africa Company. Its own official stamps were issued starting in 1896.
The East African rupee replaced the Indian rupee as the currency in 1901.
Answer: False
The Indian rupee was used from 1895 to 1906. The East African rupee was introduced in 1906, replacing the Indian rupee at that time.
What was the purpose of the land grant made to the East Africa Syndicate in 1902?
Answer: To promote white settlement in the Highlands region.
The East Africa Syndicate received a substantial land grant in 1902 with the explicit objective of facilitating and encouraging white settlement within the Highlands area of the protectorate.
The Uganda Scheme proposed in 1903, under Joseph Chamberlain, aimed to offer land to which group?
Answer: Zionist settlers
The Uganda Scheme, championed by Joseph Chamberlain, proposed in 1903 to offer land in the Uasin Gishu area to Zionist settlers, although this plan was ultimately not implemented.
What currency was used in the East Africa Protectorate from 1895 until 1906?
Answer: The Indian Rupee
From its establishment in 1895 until 1906, the currency utilized within the East Africa Protectorate was the Indian Rupee.
What legislative action was taken in 1914 concerning cannabis within the Protectorate?
Answer: A complete ban on its cultivation and use.
In 1914, the British government enacted legislation to ban cannabis, commonly known as 'bhang,' within the Protectorate.
How did the postal services of the East Africa Protectorate and Uganda interact?
Answer: Their services merged in 1901, issuing joint stamps in 1904.
In 1901, the postal services of the East Africa Protectorate and the Protectorate of Uganda were merged, forming a combined administration. These merged entities subsequently issued their first joint stamps in 1904.
Sir William Mackinnon was encouraged by the British government to establish British influence, leading to the formation of the British East Africa Association.
Answer: True
In 1886, the British government supported Sir William Mackinnon's initiative to consolidate British influence in the region, which resulted in the establishment of the British East Africa Association.
Major Frederick Russell Burnham led an expedition in 1903 to assess the region's mineral wealth.
Answer: True
In April 1903, Major Frederick Russell Burnham led the 'Four B.'s' expedition, which was tasked with assessing the potential mineral resources of the East Africa Protectorate.
Sir Charles Eliot resigned because he supported large land grants for the East Africa Syndicate against Lord Lansdowne's wishes.
Answer: False
Sir Charles Eliot resigned due to a disagreement with Lord Lansdowne concerning land grant policies. Eliot opposed Lansdowne's insistence on granting large leases to the East Africa Syndicate while denying similar opportunities to private individuals.
Who was a key figure associated with promoting white settlement in the Kenya highlands?
Answer: Lord Delamere
Lord Delamere (Hugh Cholmondeley) was a prominent figure who actively promoted and facilitated the settlement of Europeans, particularly British settlers, in the highlands of the region.
What was the significance of the 'Four B.'s' expedition led by Major Burnham in 1903?
Answer: To assess the mineral wealth of the region.
In April 1903, Major Frederick Russell Burnham led the 'Four B.'s' expedition, which was tasked with assessing the potential mineral resources of the East Africa Protectorate.
Sir Charles Eliot resigned from his position as Commissioner due to a disagreement primarily concerning:
Answer: Land grant policies involving the East Africa Syndicate.
Sir Charles Eliot's resignation stemmed from a policy dispute with Lord Lansdowne regarding land grants. Eliot opposed Lansdowne's directive to grant extensive leases to the East Africa Syndicate while restricting similar opportunities for private individuals.
Which of the following pairs correctly matches a figure with their role in the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: Sir William Mackinnon - Encouraged British influence and formed the British East Africa Association
Sir William Mackinnon played a pivotal role in encouraging British influence, leading to the formation of the British East Africa Association, which was a precursor to the Imperial British East Africa Company.
The land grant dispute that led to Sir Charles Eliot's resignation involved a disagreement between Eliot and which government official?
Answer: Lord Lansdowne
Sir Charles Eliot's resignation as Commissioner was precipitated by a policy dispute with Lord Lansdowne, the Foreign Secretary, concerning the allocation of land leases.
The development of the East Africa Protectorate by the government and colonists involved significant and widespread warfare.
Answer: False
The development of the territory is described as having occurred with minimal bloodshed, despite occasional localized conflicts. It was not characterized by significant and widespread warfare.
By 1919, the European population in the East Africa Protectorate was estimated to be around 50,000 settlers.
Answer: False
The estimated European population in the East Africa Protectorate by 1919 was approximately 9,000 settlers, not 50,000.
English was the only language spoken in the East Africa Protectorate.
Answer: False
While English served as the official language, Swahili and various indigenous languages such as Kikuyu, Kamba, Luo, Kisii, Kimeru, and Nandi-Markweta were also commonly spoken within the Protectorate.
The East Africa Protectorate had an estimated population of 4 million people in 1904.
Answer: True
In 1904, the estimated population of the East Africa Protectorate was approximately 4,000,000 individuals.
European Christian missionaries began settling in the region during the 1890s, shortly before the protectorate's formation.
Answer: False
European Christian missionaries commenced their settlement activities in the region, particularly between Mombasa and Mount Kilimanjaro, as early as the 1840s, predating the protectorate's formation by several decades.
The official anthem of the East Africa Protectorate was 'God Save the King' throughout its entire existence from 1895 to 1920.
Answer: False
The official anthem was 'God Save the Queen' from 1895 to 1901, and subsequently 'God Save the King' from 1901 to 1920, reflecting the reigning monarch.
Which of the following was NOT a language commonly spoken in the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: Afrikaans
While English, Swahili, and various indigenous Bantu and Nilotic languages were spoken, Afrikaans was not commonly spoken in the East Africa Protectorate.
Which of the following religions was NOT explicitly mentioned as being practiced within the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: Buddhism
The source material indicates the practice of Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and traditional African religions within the East Africa Protectorate. Buddhism is not mentioned.
What was the estimated European population in the East Africa Protectorate by 1919?
Answer: Approximately 9,000
By 1919, the estimated European population residing within the East Africa Protectorate numbered approximately 9,000 individuals.
What was the official anthem of the East Africa Protectorate during the reign of Queen Victoria?
Answer: God Save the Queen
During Queen Victoria's reign (which concluded in 1901), the official anthem of the East Africa Protectorate was 'God Save the Queen'.
What was the approximate population of the East Africa Protectorate in 1904?
Answer: 4,000,000
In 1904, the estimated population of the East Africa Protectorate was approximately 4,000,000 individuals.
In 1920, the inland territories of the East Africa Protectorate were annexed to form the Colony of Kenya.
Answer: True
By the Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council in 1920, the inland regions of the East Africa Protectorate were formally annexed and constituted as the Colony of Kenya.
After 1920, the coastal strip remained part of the Colony of Kenya, directly administered by the British governor.
Answer: False
Following the 1920 annexation, the 16-kilometer-wide coastal strip remained under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar and was constituted as the Protectorate of Kenya, distinct from the Colony of Kenya.
The Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council of 1920 officially declared the coastal strip as the Colony of Kenya.
Answer: False
The Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council of 1920 formally annexed the inland territories, establishing them as the Colony of Kenya. The coastal strip, however, remained a protectorate under the Sultan of Zanzibar's sovereignty.
In 1920, what happened to the inland territories of the East Africa Protectorate?
Answer: They were annexed to form the Colony of Kenya.
The inland territories of the East Africa Protectorate were annexed in 1920 through the Kenya (Annexation) Order in Council, officially forming the Colony of Kenya.
The 16-kilometer-wide coastal strip, after 1920, remained under the sovereignty of which entity?
Answer: The Sultan of Zanzibar
The 16-kilometer-wide coastal strip, excluding the Witu area, retained its status under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar, even after the inland territories were annexed as the Colony of Kenya in 1920.
What was the status of the 16-kilometer-wide coastal strip after the inland areas became the Colony of Kenya in 1920?
Answer: It remained a protectorate under the Sultan of Zanzibar's sovereignty.
The 16-kilometer-wide coastal strip, excluding the Witu area, retained its status under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar, even after the inland territories were annexed as the Colony of Kenya in 1920.