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Total Categories: 5
Edema is characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid primarily within the body's bones.
Answer: False
The definition of edema specifies fluid accumulation within the body's tissues, not exclusively within bones.
A primary symptom of edema is skin that feels unusually tight and an area that may feel heavy.
Answer: True
The primary symptoms of edema include skin that feels tight and an area that may feel heavy, along with potential joint stiffness.
The term 'edema' is derived from an English word meaning 'to swell'.
Answer: False
The term 'edema' originates from the Ancient Greek word 'oidēma', meaning 'swelling', not from an English word.
Increased hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels is one of the six key factors contributing to edema formation.
Answer: True
Increased hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels is recognized as one of the six key factors contributing to edema formation.
The Starling equation explains fluid movement across capillary walls based solely on tissue oncotic pressure.
Answer: False
The Starling equation explains fluid movement across capillary walls based on the balance between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure, not solely on tissue oncotic pressure.
The lymphatic system prevents edema by collecting excess fluid and returning it to the interstitial spaces.
Answer: False
The lymphatic system prevents edema by collecting excess fluid and proteins from the interstitial spaces and returning them to the *bloodstream*, not back into the interstitial spaces.
Transmembrane proteins like occludin and claudins are involved in regulating vascular permeability, a factor in edema.
Answer: True
Transmembrane proteins such as occludin and claudins play a role in regulating vascular permeability, which is a significant factor in the development of edema.
Inflammation contributes to edema by decreasing the permeability of blood vessel walls.
Answer: False
Inflammation contributes to edema by *increasing* the permeability of blood vessel walls, allowing fluid and proteins to leak into tissues.
Transudate fluid, associated with conditions like heart failure, is typically rich in protein and cells.
Answer: False
Transudate fluid, often associated with conditions like heart failure, is typically *low* in protein and cells, distinguishing it from exudate.
Paresthesia, a disturbance in skin sensation, can be a sign related to the skin and subcutaneous tissue affected by edema.
Answer: True
Paresthesia, such as tingling or numbness, can be a sign related to the skin and subcutaneous tissues affected by edema due to pressure or altered circulation.
What is the primary characteristic of edema as defined in the source?
Answer: Accumulation of excess fluid within the body's tissues.
Edema is medically defined as the accumulation of excess fluid within the body's tissues.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary symptom of edema?
Answer: Fever and chills
Primary symptoms of edema include skin tightness and heaviness, and joint stiffness. Fever and chills are generally indicative of infection or systemic illness, not edema itself.
The term 'edema' originates from which language and what does it mean?
Answer: Ancient Greek, meaning 'swelling'
The term 'edema' originates from the Ancient Greek word 'oidēma', which translates to 'swelling'.
Which of the following is NOT one of the six key factors contributing to edema formation mentioned in the source?
Answer: Decreased blood vessel wall permeability
The six key factors include *increased* blood vessel wall permeability (often due to inflammation), not decreased permeability.
The Starling equation primarily relates fluid movement across capillaries to the balance between:
Answer: Hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure.
The Starling equation describes fluid movement across capillary walls based on the interplay between hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure.
What is the role of the lymphatic system in preventing edema?
Answer: To absorb excess fluid and proteins from tissues and return them to the bloodstream.
The lymphatic system functions to collect excess interstitial fluid and proteins and return them to the bloodstream, thereby preventing edema.
Low protein levels in the blood, particularly albumin, can lead to edema by:
Answer: Reducing the oncotic pressure that draws fluid back into capillaries.
Low blood protein levels reduce oncotic pressure, which is essential for drawing fluid back into capillaries, thus promoting fluid accumulation in tissues.
Which type of fluid collection is typically low in protein and cells and forms due to pressure changes?
Answer: Transudate
Transudate is a fluid accumulation typically low in protein and cells, resulting from altered hydrostatic or oncotic pressures.
How does inflammation typically contribute to the development of edema?
Answer: By increasing the permeability of blood vessel walls.
Inflammation increases the permeability of blood vessel walls, allowing more fluid and plasma proteins to leak into the interstitial space, causing edema.
Which factor contributes to edema by increasing the pressure within blood vessels, potentially forcing fluid into tissues?
Answer: Hypervolemia (increased blood volume)
Hypervolemia, an increase in blood volume, raises pressure within blood vessels, which can force fluid into surrounding tissues and contribute to edema.
'Pitting' edema is illustrated by an indentation remaining in the skin after pressure is applied and then released.
Answer: True
Pitting edema is characterized by an indentation that remains in the skin after pressure has been applied and then released, indicating fluid accumulation beneath the skin's surface.
Peripheral edema typically manifests as fluid accumulation in the upper extremities due to the effects of gravity.
Answer: False
Peripheral edema characteristically affects the lower extremities, such as the feet and legs, due to gravitational effects, not the upper extremities.
Cerebral edema involves the accumulation of excess fluid within the brain, potentially leading to drowsiness or loss of consciousness.
Answer: True
Cerebral edema is the accumulation of excess fluid within the brain, which can lead to serious consequences such as drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and potentially brain herniation.
Pulmonary edema is primarily caused by an increase in pressure within the blood vessels of the lower extremities.
Answer: False
Pulmonary edema is caused by increased pressure within the blood vessels of the lungs, typically due to left ventricle heart failure, not pressure in the lower extremities.
Shortness of breath is a key symptom associated with pulmonary edema.
Answer: True
Shortness of breath is a primary symptom of pulmonary edema, indicating fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Periorbital edema refers to swelling in the lungs and is most noticeable during the day.
Answer: False
Periorbital edema refers to swelling around the eyes, not in the lungs, and is typically most noticeable immediately after waking.
Cutaneous edema, like that from insect bites, is often a form of contact dermatitis resulting in a 'wheal and flare' response.
Answer: True
Cutaneous edema, such as from insect bites or plant contact, is often a form of contact dermatitis that manifests as a 'wheal and flare' response.
Non-pitting edema occurs when the skin retains an indentation after pressure is applied, similar to pitting edema.
Answer: False
Non-pitting edema is characterized by the skin *not* retaining an indentation after pressure is applied, unlike pitting edema.
The illustration of 'Pitting' edema visually defines this type of swelling by showing the absence of an indentation after pressure.
Answer: False
The illustration of 'Pitting' edema visually defines this type of swelling by showing the *presence* of an indentation after pressure is applied and released.
Ascites refers to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, often seen alongside pulmonary edema.
Answer: False
Ascites refers to fluid accumulation in the *abdominal cavity*, while fluid in the pleural cavity is known as pleural effusion.
What does the characteristic indentation seen in 'Pitting' edema signify?
Answer: Fluid accumulation beneath the skin's surface.
The indentation in pitting edema signifies that the tissue contains excess fluid, which is displaced when pressure is applied.
Peripheral edema most commonly affects which part of the body due to gravity?
Answer: The lower extremities, such as the feet and legs.
Due to gravity, peripheral edema most commonly manifests as fluid accumulation in the lower extremities, such as the feet and legs.
Cerebral edema can have severe consequences, including:
Answer: Drowsiness and potential brain herniation
Severe cerebral edema can lead to consequences such as drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and potentially fatal brain herniation.
What is a primary symptom of pulmonary edema?
Answer: Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath is a key symptom associated with pulmonary edema, indicating fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Periorbital edema, or 'puffy eyes', is typically most noticeable:
Answer: Immediately after waking up.
Periorbital edema is often most noticeable immediately after waking, potentially due to fluid redistribution during sleep.
Cutaneous edema resulting from insect bites or contact with plants like poison ivy is often described as:
Answer: A form of contact dermatitis with a 'wheal and flare' response
Cutaneous edema from insect bites or plant contact is frequently a manifestation of contact dermatitis, presenting as a 'wheal and flare' response.
Which type of edema occurs when the skin does not retain an indentation after pressure is applied?
Answer: Non-pitting edema
Non-pitting edema is characterized by the absence of an indentation in the skin after pressure is applied and released.
Which of the following is a consequence of cerebral edema mentioned in the source?
Answer: Potential brain herniation
Potential severe consequences of cerebral edema include drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and brain herniation.
Ascites, a type of fluid collection related to volume state disorders, refers to fluid accumulation in the:
Answer: Abdominal cavity
Ascites is defined as the accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity.
Distinguishing between pitting and non-pitting edema is significant for:
Answer: Diagnosing the type of edema and its underlying cause.
The distinction between pitting and non-pitting edema is clinically significant as it aids in diagnosing the specific type of edema and identifying its underlying cause.
Congestive heart failure can lead to peripheral edema by improving the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.
Answer: False
Congestive heart failure impairs the heart's pumping ability, which can lead to peripheral edema, rather than improving it.
Kidney failure can cause edema because the kidneys may lose their ability to effectively filter excess fluid from the blood.
Answer: True
Kidney failure can lead to edema as the kidneys may lose their capacity to filter excess fluid and waste products from the blood, resulting in fluid retention.
Liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, can cause edema by increasing the liver's production of proteins that maintain oncotic pressure.
Answer: False
Liver diseases like cirrhosis typically lead to a *decrease* in the liver's production of proteins that maintain oncotic pressure, which can contribute to edema.
Nephrotic syndrome can cause edema by increasing capillary permeability, leading to fluid and protein leakage.
Answer: True
Nephrotic syndrome can cause edema by affecting the glomeruli's basement membrane, increasing capillary permeability and leading to fluid and protein leakage.
Which condition impairs the heart's pumping ability, potentially leading to peripheral edema?
Answer: Congestive heart failure
Congestive heart failure impairs the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to diminished venous return and potential peripheral edema.
Which of the following kidney-related conditions can lead to edema due to impaired fluid filtration?
Answer: Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that can impair fluid filtration and increase capillary permeability, leading to edema.
Cirrhosis, a liver disease, can cause edema primarily due to:
Answer: Reduced production of proteins affecting oncotic pressure.
Cirrhosis often leads to reduced production of plasma proteins by the liver, decreasing oncotic pressure and contributing to edema, particularly in the legs and abdomen.
Edema related to kidney problems like nephrotic syndrome often initially appears in which location?
Answer: The legs and ankles
Edema associated with kidney diseases like nephrotic syndrome frequently manifests initially in the legs and ankles.
Peripheral edema commonly affects individuals who are bedridden or experience prolonged periods of standing.
Answer: True
Peripheral edema frequently occurs in individuals who are immobile, such as those who are bedridden, or those who maintain prolonged standing or seated postures.
Chronic venous insufficiency contributes to edema by causing venous stasis and increasing capillary permeability.
Answer: True
Chronic venous insufficiency leads to peripheral edema because defective veins allow blood to flow backward, causing venous stasis and increasing capillary permeability, which forces fluid into tissues.
Medications like amlodipine and estrogens are known to *prevent* fluid retention and swelling.
Answer: False
Medications such as amlodipine and estrogens are known to *cause* or contribute to fluid retention and swelling, not prevent it.
Phlebolymphedema accounts for a small fraction of edema cases and is primarily caused by acute lymphatic infections.
Answer: False
Phlebolymphedema accounts for approximately 90% of edema cases and originates from untreated chronic venous insufficiency, not primarily acute lymphatic infections.
Immobility contributes to leg edema by reducing the effectiveness of muscle contractions that help pump blood back to the heart.
Answer: True
Immobility contributes to edema by reducing the effectiveness of muscle contractions that help pump blood back to the heart against gravity, leading to fluid pooling.
How does chronic venous insufficiency lead to peripheral edema?
Answer: By causing venous stasis and increasing capillary permeability.
Chronic venous insufficiency leads to edema by causing venous stasis, increasing pressure in leg veins, and enhancing capillary permeability, allowing fluid to leak into tissues.
Which of the following medications is mentioned as potentially causing edema, particularly in the feet?
Answer: Amlodipine
Amlodipine is cited as a medication known to cause edema, specifically in the feet.
Phlebolymphedema accounts for the majority of edema cases and originates from:
Answer: Untreated chronic venous insufficiency.
Phlebolymphedema, the most common type of edema, originates from untreated chronic venous insufficiency, which compromises both venous and lymphatic function.
Immobility contributes to leg edema primarily because it:
Answer: Reduces the effectiveness of the muscle pump action.
Immobility diminishes the effectiveness of the muscle pump action in the legs, which is crucial for returning blood to the heart, thereby contributing to edema.
A grade of '++' for edema signifies severe, generalized bilateral pitting edema affecting the face and limbs.
Answer: False
A grade of '++' for edema signifies moderate pitting edema involving the feet and lower legs or hands and lower arms; severe, generalized edema affecting the face and limbs is graded as '+++'.
Diuretics are often prescribed as a primary treatment for edema resulting from heart or kidney disease.
Answer: True
Diuretics are commonly prescribed as a primary treatment for edema associated with conditions like heart or kidney disease to help the body eliminate excess fluid.
Regular exercise helps prevent and reduce leg edema by improving muscle pump action and stimulating the lymphatic system.
Answer: True
Exercise is beneficial for preventing and reducing leg edema as muscle activity aids venous return and stimulates the lymphatic system, helping to clear excess fluid.
Intermittent pneumatic compression aims to reduce edema by applying constant, low-level pressure to a swollen limb.
Answer: False
Intermittent pneumatic compression aims to reduce edema by applying *intermittent*, controlled pressure to a swollen limb, helping to force accumulated fluid out.
Edema can be classified under ICD-10 coding system as R60.9.
Answer: True
Edema is classified under the ICD-10 coding system as R60.9, indicating a general code for swelling.
A severe, generalized bilateral pitting edema affecting the feet, legs, arms, and face is graded as:
Answer: +++
A grade of '+++' denotes severe, generalized bilateral pitting edema affecting the feet, legs, arms, and face.
What is the purpose of intermittent pneumatic compression in treating edema?
Answer: To help force accumulated fluid out of the affected area.
Intermittent pneumatic compression applies controlled pressure to swollen limbs to assist in moving accumulated fluid out of the affected area.
What medical coding classification is mentioned for edema in the ICD-10 system?
Answer: R60.9
The ICD-10 classification for edema is R60.9, which denotes unspecified swelling.
What is the primary goal of addressing the underlying cause in edema treatment?
Answer: To resolve the root issue causing the fluid accumulation.
The primary goal in treating edema is to address and resolve the underlying cause that is leading to the fluid accumulation.