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The British protectorate established east of the Jordan River, existing from 1921 to 1946, was officially designated the Kingdom of Transjordan.
Answer: False
The entity established east of the Jordan River in 1921 was officially known as the Emirate of Transjordan. It transitioned to the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan in 1946, not from its inception.
The Emirate of Transjordan was officially established on April 11, 1921, and later transitioned into the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan in 1946.
Answer: True
The Emirate of Transjordan was indeed officially established on April 11, 1921. Subsequently, in 1946, it underwent a transformation into the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, marking its independence.
Immediately following World War I, Transjordan was administered as part of OETA East before gaining de facto recognition as part of the Hashemite-ruled Arab Kingdom of Syria.
Answer: True
Post-World War I, the region east of the Jordan River was initially part of OETA East. Following the British withdrawal from OETA East in 1919, it was recognized de facto as part of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, which was then under Hashemite rule.
The Battle of Maysalun in July 1920 led to the collapse of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, causing Transjordan to become a 'no man's land' and prompting the British administration in Palestine to avoid connecting it to Palestine.
Answer: True
The defeat of the Arab Kingdom of Syria at the Battle of Maysalun in July 1920 resulted in Transjordan becoming a politically undefined territory. Consequently, the British administration in Palestine deliberately refrained from establishing any formal link between Transjordan and Palestine.
Abdullah bin Hussein, son of Faisal bin Hussein, was appointed Emir of Transjordan in April 1921 after agreeing to administer the territory under the British Mandate for Palestine.
Answer: False
Abdullah bin Hussein was the son of Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and the brother of Faisal bin Hussein. He was appointed Emir of Transjordan in April 1921, agreeing to administer the territory under the British Mandate for Palestine.
The Cairo Conference in March 1921 resulted in the decision to offer the throne of Transjordan to Abdullah bin Hussein, establishing an autonomous governing system under the British Mandate for Palestine.
Answer: True
The Cairo Conference of March 1921 was instrumental in shaping Transjordan's future. It led to the proposal for Abdullah bin Hussein to assume leadership, establishing an autonomous administration operating within the framework of the British Mandate for Palestine.
Under the Ottoman Empire, Transjordan was primarily administered as a single district known as the Sanjak of Transjordan.
Answer: False
The Ottoman administration did not designate a single district named the Sanjak of Transjordan. The region was divided into various sanjaks, such as Hauran and Ma'an, within the broader Syria Vilayet.
The Hejaz railway, completed in 1908, extended Ottoman administrative reach southward into the Transjordan region and facilitated the Hajj pilgrimage.
Answer: True
The completion of the Hejaz railway in 1908 significantly enhanced the Ottoman Empire's administrative and military presence in the Transjordan region. It also played a crucial role in facilitating the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
Abdullah bin Hussein arrived in Ma'an in November 1920 with a small force and, without significant opposition, occupied most of Transjordan by March 1921.
Answer: True
Abdullah bin Hussein entered Ma'an in November 1920 with approximately 300 men. His forces effectively secured control over the majority of Transjordan by March 1921, encountering minimal resistance.
T. E. Lawrence played a key role in establishing the administrative boundaries of the Emirate of Transjordan after World War I.
Answer: False
While T. E. Lawrence was instrumental in supporting the Arab Revolt and influencing the post-war political landscape, his direct role in establishing the specific administrative boundaries of the Emirate of Transjordan is not as prominent as other figures involved in the mandate negotiations.
The "Hashemite solution" involved placing members of the Hashemite dynasty in charge of administering territories like Transjordan to partially fulfill British wartime promises to Arabs.
Answer: True
The "Hashemite solution" was a British strategy to appoint members of the Hashemite family, such as Abdullah bin Hussein, to govern territories like Transjordan. This approach served to partially honor British commitments to Arab independence made during World War I while maintaining British influence.
The Hashemite dynasty ruled both the Emirate of Transjordan and Mandatory Egypt.
Answer: False
While the Hashemite dynasty ruled the Emirate of Transjordan and also held influence in Mandatory Iraq, they did not rule Mandatory Egypt.
Emir Abdullah's nominal rule over Transjordan was initially set for a period of ten years.
Answer: False
Emir Abdullah's initial appointment in April 1921 was for a nominal rule of six months. This arrangement, however, extended throughout his lifetime, establishing enduring Hashemite governance.
What was the official designation of the British protectorate established east of the Jordan River, and what was its period of existence?
Answer: The Emirate of Transjordan, 1921-1946
The entity established east of the Jordan River was officially known as the Emirate of Transjordan, functioning under British administration from 1921 until its transition to the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan in 1946.
Which event in July 1920 led to Transjordan becoming a 'no man's land' and influenced the British stance on its connection to Palestine?
Answer: The Battle of Maysalun
The collapse of the Arab Kingdom of Syria following the Battle of Maysalun in July 1920 created a power vacuum, rendering Transjordan a 'no man's land' and prompting the British administration in Palestine to maintain a deliberate distance from its affairs.
Who was Abdullah bin Hussein, and what was his primary role in the formation of the Emirate of Transjordan?
Answer: He was the son of Hussein bin Ali who agreed to administer the territory under the British Mandate and was appointed Emir.
Abdullah bin Hussein, son of Hussein bin Ali, was appointed Emir of Transjordan in April 1921. He agreed to administer the territory under the British Mandate for Palestine, thereby playing a central role in the formation of the Emirate.
What significant decision was made at the Cairo Conference in March 1921 regarding Transjordan?
Answer: To offer the throne of Transjordan to Abdullah bin Hussein under the British Mandate.
The Cairo Conference in March 1921 resulted in the pivotal decision to offer the leadership of Transjordan to Abdullah bin Hussein, establishing an autonomous administration under the auspices of the British Mandate for Palestine.
What was the primary function of the Hejaz railway completed in 1908 in the Transjordan region?
Answer: To extend Ottoman military and administrative reach and aid the Hajj pilgrimage.
The Hejaz railway, completed in 1908, served a dual purpose: enhancing Ottoman administrative and military capabilities in the region and significantly facilitating the Hajj pilgrimage route from Damascus southward.
The "Hashemite solution" referred to the British strategy of:
Answer: Placing members of the Hashemite dynasty in charge of administering territories like Transjordan.
The "Hashemite solution" was a British policy that involved appointing members of the Hashemite dynasty, such as Abdullah bin Hussein, to govern territories like Transjordan, thereby partially fulfilling promises of Arab self-rule.
Following the collapse of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, the British High Commissioner for Palestine, Herbert Samuel, successfully extended his administration into Transjordan.
Answer: False
Herbert Samuel's request to extend his administration into Transjordan after the collapse of the Arab Kingdom of Syria was initially rejected. British policy favored encouraging self-governance through political officers rather than direct administration by the High Commissioner for Palestine.
Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine allowed Britain to apply all provisions concerning the Jewish national home to Transjordan.
Answer: False
Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine granted Britain the authority to 'postpone or withhold' the application of provisions related to the Jewish national home in Transjordan, thereby enabling its separate administration.
Winston Churchill and Abdullah bin Hussein agreed that Transjordan would be part of the Jewish national home established west of the Jordan River.
Answer: False
The agreement between Winston Churchill and Abdullah bin Hussein stipulated that Transjordan would be administered separately and would not form part of the Jewish national home designated for the territory west of the Jordan River.
Revisionist Zionism aimed to establish a Jewish state encompassing only the territory west of the Jordan River.
Answer: False
Revisionist Zionism advocated for the establishment of a Jewish state that would encompass territories on both banks of the Jordan River, including Transjordan.
The British government created a separate administration for Transjordan to reconcile wartime pledges to Arabs with the provisions for a Jewish national home.
Answer: True
The establishment of a distinct administration for Transjordan was a strategic decision by the British government to balance their commitments made during wartime to Arab leaders with the obligations outlined in the Mandate for Palestine concerning the establishment of a Jewish national home.
The Palestine Order in Council, 1922, explicitly included Transjordan within its application, granting the High Commissioner full powers.
Answer: False
The Palestine Order in Council, 1922, explicitly excluded Transjordan from its direct application, although it granted the High Commissioner certain discretionary authorities within the territory.
The British government included Transjordan within the Palestine Mandate primarily to assert their claim and avoid complications with other Allied Powers regarding its status.
Answer: True
By incorporating Transjordan within the broader framework of the Palestine Mandate, the British sought to solidify their administrative control and preempt potential territorial claims or disputes from other Allied powers concerning the region's future status.
The establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan as a separate entity did not affect the goals of Revisionist Zionism.
Answer: False
The creation of the Emirate of Transjordan as a distinct administrative unit, separate from Palestine and excluded from the Jewish national home provisions, significantly impacted Revisionist Zionism's objective of establishing a Jewish state encompassing both banks of the Jordan River.
A March 1921 British memorandum described Transjordan as an 'Arab province or adjunct of Palestine,' aiming to preserve its Arab character while differentiating it from the Jewish national home provisions.
Answer: True
A British memorandum from March 1921 conceptualized Transjordan as an 'Arab province or adjunct of Palestine.' This framing aimed to maintain its distinct Arab identity while managing it under the broader mandate structure, separate from the Jewish national home provisions.
The British government proceeded on the assumption that Transjordan formed part of the Palestine Mandate to avoid complications with other powers.
Answer: True
To assert their claim and preempt potential international disputes, the British government operated under the premise that Transjordan fell within the scope of the Palestine Mandate, facilitating its administration within that framework.
The concept of Transjordan as an 'Arab province or adjunct of Palestine' was used to justify its exclusion from the Jewish national home provisions.
Answer: True
The designation of Transjordan as an 'Arab province or adjunct of Palestine' served as a rationale for its separate administration and its exclusion from the clauses of the Mandate pertaining to the establishment of a Jewish national home.
A League of Nations resolution in September 1922 declared all provisions of the Palestine Mandate applicable in Transjordan.
Answer: False
A League of Nations resolution in September 1922, based on British proposals, declared certain provisions of the Palestine Mandate inapplicable in Transjordan, allowing for its separate administration.
What was the initial British approach to administering Transjordan after the Arab Kingdom of Syria collapsed in 1920?
Answer: Encouraging self-government through political officers, following rejection of direct administration.
Following the collapse of the Arab Kingdom of Syria, the British initially proposed encouraging self-governance in Transjordan via political officers, after the High Commissioner for Palestine's request for direct administration was denied.
Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine provided Britain with the authority to:
Answer: Postpone or withhold the application of Jewish national home provisions in Transjordan.
Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine empowered Britain with the discretion to delay or suspend the implementation of provisions concerning the Jewish national home within Transjordan, facilitating its separate administrative path.
What was the outcome of the meeting between Winston Churchill and Abdullah bin Hussein regarding Transjordan's status?
Answer: Transjordan was accepted into the Palestine mandatory area as a separate Arab country, excluded from the Jewish national home.
The discussions between Winston Churchill and Abdullah bin Hussein concluded with an agreement to incorporate Transjordan into the Palestine mandate area but as a distinct Arab entity, explicitly excluding it from the provisions concerning the Jewish national home.
Revisionist Zionism's primary goal concerning the territory included:
Answer: Establishing a Jewish state encompassing both banks of the Jordan River.
Revisionist Zionism fundamentally aimed to establish a Jewish state that would extend across both banks of the Jordan River, encompassing territories that later became Transjordan and Palestine.
What was the primary reason cited by the British government for creating a separate administration for Transjordan?
Answer: To reconcile wartime pledges to Arabs with the Jewish national home provisions.
The British government established a separate administration for Transjordan primarily to reconcile their wartime commitments to Arab independence with the stipulations of the Mandate for Palestine concerning the Jewish national home.
What did a League of Nations resolution in September 1922 decide regarding the application of the Palestine Mandate in Transjordan?
Answer: It declared certain provisions inapplicable, allowing for separate administration.
A League of Nations resolution in September 1922, based on British proposals, determined that specific provisions of the Palestine Mandate would not apply to Transjordan, thereby enabling its distinct administrative framework.
Which of the following was NOT a significant factor in the formation or administration of the Emirate of Transjordan?
Answer: The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
While the Hashemite dynasty's involvement, the Mandate for Palestine, and the Sykes-Picot Agreement were crucial factors in the formation and administration of the Emirate of Transjordan, the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 occurred after the period of the Emirate's establishment and mandate administration.
What was the significance of the "Arab province or adjunct of Palestine" concept for Transjordan's administration?
Answer: It allowed Britain to manage Transjordan under the Palestine Mandate while differentiating it from Jewish national home provisions.
The concept of Transjordan as an 'Arab province or adjunct of Palestine' provided a framework for its administration within the broader Palestine Mandate, while simultaneously allowing for its distinct governance and exclusion from the Jewish national home provisions.
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence promised Arab independence, while the Sykes-Picot Agreement secretly allocated Transjordan to French control.
Answer: False
While the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence did promise Arab independence, the Sykes-Picot Agreement secretly allocated spheres of influence that placed Transjordan under British, not French, control.
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence excluded territories west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo from the promised Arab independence.
Answer: True
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence, particularly in correspondence from October 1915, specified that the promised Arab independence would exclude territories lying west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo.
The Sykes-Picot Agreement, negotiated between 1915 and 1916, allocated influence over Syria and Lebanon to France, and southern Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine to Britain.
Answer: True
The Sykes-Picot Agreement delineated spheres of influence, assigning Syria and Lebanon to French influence and southern Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine to British influence.
Which secret agreement delineated British and French spheres of influence in the partition of the Ottoman Empire after WWI, allocating Transjordan to Britain?
Answer: The Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Sykes-Picot Agreement, a secret treaty negotiated between Britain and France, defined their respective spheres of influence in the post-Ottoman Middle East, allocating Transjordan to British control.
According to the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence, which areas were excluded from the promised Arab independence?
Answer: Portions of Syria lying west of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence specified that the promised Arab independence would exclude territories situated west of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama, and Aleppo.
The primary threats to Abdullah's early rule in Transjordan came from incursions by Wahhabi tribesmen from Najd.
Answer: True
During the initial years of the Emirate, Abdullah bin Hussein faced significant challenges from repeated incursions by Wahhabi tribesmen, known as the Ikhwan, originating from Najd.
The British military presence in Transjordan, including an air force base near Amman, was primarily used to suppress local rebellions.
Answer: False
The British military presence served multiple roles, including defense against external threats like Ikhwan raids and assistance in suppressing local rebellions. It was not solely focused on suppressing internal dissent.
The Arab Legion was initially known as Peake's Reserve Force and was instrumental in maintaining order and defense within Transjordan.
Answer: True
The Arab Legion originated from Peake's Reserve Force, established under British command. This force played a critical role in upholding internal security and providing defense for the Emirate of Transjordan.
What were the main external threats faced by Abdullah's rule in Transjordan during its early years?
Answer: Incursions by Wahhabi tribesmen (Ikhwan) from Najd.
The most significant external threats confronting Abdullah's nascent rule in Transjordan emanated from recurrent incursions by Wahhabi tribesmen, commonly referred to as the Ikhwan, originating from the Najd region.
How did the British military presence contribute to stability in Transjordan?
Answer: By providing defense against Ikhwan raids and assisting in suppressing rebellions.
The British military contingent played a crucial role in stabilizing Transjordan by defending against incursions from the Ikhwan and providing support for the suppression of internal rebellions, thereby bolstering the authority of Emir Abdullah's government.
The Arabic designation إمارة شرق الأردن (Imārat Sharq al-Urdun) signifies "the emirate west of the Jordan River."
Answer: False
The Arabic name إمارة شرق الأردن literally translates to "the emirate east of the Jordan," accurately reflecting its geographical location.
Control over the Ma'an-Aqaba region was strategically important for Transjordan to prevent it from becoming landlocked and provide access to the Port of Aqaba.
Answer: True
Securing the Ma'an-Aqaba region was vital for Transjordan's strategic interests, primarily by ensuring access to the sea via the Port of Aqaba and preventing the territory from being landlocked.
The Uqair Protocol of December 2, 1922, defined the border between Transjordan and Saudi Arabia (Nejd).
Answer: False
The Uqair Protocol of December 2, 1922, primarily defined the border between Iraq and Nejd (Saudi Arabia), not directly between Transjordan and Nejd, although it influenced regional boundaries.
In 1921, France transferred the District of Ramtha from Iraq to Transjordan.
Answer: False
In 1921, France transferred the District of Ramtha from Syria, not Iraq, to Transjordan as part of the evolving border definitions for the new entity.
What was the strategic significance of controlling the Ma'an-Aqaba region for Transjordan?
Answer: It offered access to the sea via the Port of Aqaba and prevented the territory from being landlocked.
Control over the Ma'an-Aqaba region was strategically crucial for Transjordan, as it granted vital access to the Red Sea through the Port of Aqaba, thereby preventing the territory from becoming landlocked.
The Uqair Protocol of December 2, 1922, primarily defined the border between which two entities?
Answer: Iraq and Saudi Arabia (Nejd)
The Uqair Protocol, signed on December 2, 1922, principally established the border demarcation between Iraq and Nejd (the precursor to modern Saudi Arabia).
In 1921, France transferred which district to Transjordan?
Answer: The District of Ramtha
As part of the border adjustments defining the Emirate, France transferred the District of Ramtha from Syria to Transjordan in 1921.
Transjordan achieved full independence from British control on June 17, 1946, following the signing of the Sykes-Picot Agreement.
Answer: False
Transjordan achieved full independence on June 17, 1946, through the ratification of the Treaty of London, not the Sykes-Picot Agreement. The Sykes-Picot Agreement predated this period and concerned the division of Ottoman territories.
On May 25, 1946, the Emirate became the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, and its name was changed to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949 after annexing the West Bank.
Answer: True
The Emirate was proclaimed the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan on May 25, 1946. The subsequent renaming to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949 followed the annexation of the West Bank, unifying both sides of the river under a single designation.
On May 25, 1923, Britain recognized Transjordan as an independent government, provided it adopted a constitutional framework and allowed Britain to fulfill international obligations.
Answer: True
Britain issued a statement on May 25, 1923, recognizing Transjordan as an independent government under Emir Abdullah, contingent upon the establishment of a constitutional framework and Britain's ability to meet its international commitments.
The 1928 treaty with the UK transferred most administrative functions to Transjordan but maintained British oversight in key policy areas.
Answer: True
The 1928 treaty marked a gradual transfer of administrative responsibilities to Transjordan. However, Britain retained significant oversight concerning financial, military, and foreign policy matters, indicating that full autonomy had not yet been achieved.
The Treaty of London, signed in March 1946, formalized the end of the British mandate and recognized Transjordan as a sovereign state.
Answer: True
The Treaty of London, signed in March 1946, was pivotal in formally concluding the British mandate over Transjordan and acknowledging its status as an independent and sovereign nation.
The renaming of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949 followed the annexation of the Golan Heights.
Answer: False
The name change to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1949 occurred subsequent to the annexation of the West Bank, not the Golan Heights. This unification consolidated control over both banks of the Jordan River.
The 1928 treaty between the UK and Transjordan fully transferred all administrative powers, ending British oversight.
Answer: False
The 1928 treaty marked a step towards self-governance by transferring many administrative functions, but it did not terminate British oversight. Britain retained significant control over key policy areas, including finance, military affairs, and foreign relations.
In 1946, the Soviet Union vetoed Transjordan's application for United Nations membership, asserting that the territory remained under French control.
Answer: False
The Soviet Union's veto of Transjordan's UN membership application in 1946 was based on the argument that the nation was not fully independent of British control, not French control.
The Anglo-American treaty required the US to recognize Transjordan's termination of mandate status only upon its admission to the United Nations.
Answer: True
The Anglo-American treaty stipulated that the United States would recognize the termination of the mandate for Transjordan only after the country was admitted to the United Nations as a fully independent state.
How did the Emirate of Transjordan officially achieve full independence from British control?
Answer: By ratifying the Treaty of London in March 1946.
The Emirate of Transjordan officially achieved full independence from British control upon the ratification of the Treaty of London in March 1946, which formally ended the mandate.
What was the status of Transjordan's administration following the 1928 treaty with the United Kingdom?
Answer: Most administrative functions were transferred, but Britain retained significant oversight in key areas.
The 1928 treaty represented a gradual devolution of administrative powers to Transjordan, yet the United Kingdom maintained substantial oversight in critical domains such as finance, defense, and foreign policy.
What was the significance of the 1949 renaming of the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan?
Answer: It signified the annexation of the West Bank and unification of both banks of the river.
The renaming in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan marked a significant political consolidation, occurring after the annexation of the West Bank and unifying both banks of the Jordan River under a single national identity.
Why did the Soviet Union veto Transjordan's application for United Nations membership in 1946?
Answer: Because Transjordan was not considered fully independent of British control.
The Soviet Union's veto of Transjordan's UN membership application in 1946 was predicated on the assertion that the nation had not yet achieved full independence from British influence.
The Anglo-American treaty concerning the Palestine Mandate stipulated that the US would recognize Transjordan's termination of mandate status upon:
Answer: Its admission to the United Nations as a fully independent country.
The Anglo-American treaty stipulated that the United States would recognize the termination of the mandate for Transjordan only after the country had been admitted to the United Nations as a fully independent member state.
The 1928 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Emirate of Transjordan:
Answer: Defined and limited the powers of the Transjordanian government but maintained British oversight.
The 1928 treaty formalized the powers of the Transjordanian government while simultaneously establishing limitations and ensuring continued British oversight in crucial areas, thus not granting full sovereignty.
British figures estimated the population of Transjordan to be around 200,000 in 1924, with Christians making up the majority.
Answer: False
British estimates in 1924 placed the population at approximately 200,000. However, the majority of this population was Muslim Arab, with Christians constituting a minority (estimated around 15,000).
The British estimated the population of Transjordan in March 1921 to be approximately 230,000, with the Ma'an, Aqaba, and Tabuk region being the most populous.
Answer: False
While the British estimated the total population at approximately 230,000 in March 1921, the Ajlun region, not the Ma'an, Aqaba, and Tabuk region, was the most populous administrative area.
By the early 1940s, the population of Transjordan was estimated to be between 300,000 and 350,000 people.
Answer: True
Demographic estimates for Transjordan in the early 1940s indicate a population range of approximately 300,000 to 350,000 individuals.
According to British estimates in 1924, approximately 15,000 Christians resided in Transjordan.
Answer: True
British demographic estimates from 1924 indicated that the Christian population within Transjordan numbered approximately 15,000 individuals.
The Ajlun region, including Irbid and Jerash, was estimated by the British in March 1921 to have a population of 80,000.
Answer: False
British estimates from March 1921 placed the population of the Ajlun region, encompassing Irbid and Jerash, at approximately 100,000, making it the most populous administrative area within Transjordan at that time.
The Balqa region, including Amman and Salt, had an estimated population of 80,000 in March 1921.
Answer: True
According to British estimates in March 1921, the Balqa region, which included Amman and Salt, was estimated to have a population of 80,000 inhabitants.
The Karak region, including Tafilah, was estimated by the British in March 1921 to have a population of 40,000.
Answer: True
British estimates conducted in March 1921 indicated that the Karak region, which also encompassed Tafilah, had an estimated population of 40,000.
In March 1921, the Ma'an, Aqaba, and Tabuk region was estimated to possess the largest population within Transjordan.
Answer: False
British estimates from March 1921 indicated that the Ma'an, Aqaba, and Tabuk region had the smallest estimated population (10,000) among the administrative areas of Transjordan at that time.
According to British estimates in 1924, what was the approximate population of Transjordan?
Answer: Around 200,000
British demographic assessments conducted in 1924 estimated the total population of Transjordan to be approximately 200,000 individuals.
What was the estimated population of the Ajlun region, including Irbid and Jerash, according to British estimates in March 1921?
Answer: 100,000
British demographic estimates from March 1921 indicated that the Ajlun region, encompassing areas like Irbid and Jerash, had an estimated population of 100,000 inhabitants.