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English billiards is a cue sport that combines elements of carom billiards and pool.
Answer: True
English billiards is a cue sport that integrates elements from both carom billiards and pool. It is played with three balls—a white cue ball, a yellow cue ball, and a red object ball—on a table akin to a snooker table. Scoring is achieved through cannons (striking both other balls with the cue ball) and by pocketing the balls.
English billiards originated in France and evolved from games like 'pétanque' and 'boules'.
Answer: False
This assertion is incorrect. English billiards originated in England, evolving from predecessor games such as 'the winning game' and 'the losing game,' rather than French games like pétanque or boules.
The 'winning game,' a predecessor to English billiards, was a 12-point contest played with two white balls.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The 'winning game' was indeed a 12-point contest that utilized two white balls, representing an early stage in the evolution of English billiards.
In the early 'winning game,' pocketing the opponent's ball awarded three points, and pocketing one's own cue ball resulted in a concession of two points.
Answer: False
This statement is false. In the early 'winning game,' pocketing the opponent's ball awarded two points, not three. Furthermore, pocketing one's own cue ball after hitting the opponent's ball resulted in a concession of two points, not three.
The 'losing game' allowed players to score points primarily by pocketing their cue ball after a carom off an opponent's ball.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The 'losing game,' a precursor to modern English billiards, primarily awarded points when a player pocketed their own cue ball following a carom off an opponent's ball.
Carom billiards contributed the concept of pockets to the development of English billiards.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Carom billiards, which was played without pockets, contributed the 'cannon' or 'carom' shot to English billiards. The concept of pockets was already present in the games that evolved into English billiards.
French billiard tables, popular in 18th-century English coffee houses, helped introduce the red object ball into the English game.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The popularity of French billiard tables in 18th-century English establishments facilitated the integration of the red object ball, a feature from French carom billiards, into the developing English game.
English billiards, as a combined game, emerged around the 1770s, and the cue stick replaced the billiard mace due to increasing skill requirements.
Answer: False
This statement is partially true and partially false. While the cue stick did replace the billiard mace due to increasing skill demands, the combined game of English billiards emerged around 1800, not the 1770s, which was the peak popularity period for its predecessor games.
Which cue sport discipline is merged with pool to form English billiards?
Answer: Carom billiards
English billiards is formed by merging elements of carom billiards with pool.
Which game is considered the direct predecessor to English billiards that involved players trying to get their cue ball closest to the opposite cushion without touching it?
Answer: The winning game
The 'winning game' is considered the direct predecessor to English billiards that involved players attempting to position their cue ball closest to the opposite cushion without making contact with it, a practice that evolved into the modern 'lag'.
What specific scoring element did carom billiards contribute to English billiards?
Answer: The 'cannon' or 'carom' shot
Carom billiards contributed the 'cannon' or 'carom' shot, a scoring technique where the cue ball strikes both object balls in a single stroke, to the development of English billiards.
By approximately what year did the three ancestral games combine to form English billiards?
Answer: 1800
The three ancestral games coalesced to form English billiards by approximately 1800.
The game of English billiards evolved solely from carom billiards.
Answer: False
This statement is false. English billiards evolved from a combination of three precursor games: 'the winning game,' 'the losing game,' and carom billiards.
The terms 'winning hazard' and 'losing hazard' originate from the predecessor game known as 'the losing game'.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The terminology of 'winning hazard' and 'losing hazard' in English billiards originates from the precursor game known as 'the losing game'.
In English billiards, the red ball serves as the cue ball for Player 1 and an object ball for Player 2.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The red ball functions exclusively as an object ball for both players. Player 1 uses a white cue ball, and Player 2 uses a yellow cue ball (historically, a spotted white ball).
The starting player in English billiards is determined by a 'lag' which involves striking a cue ball towards the top cushion.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The determination of the starting player in English billiards is achieved through a 'lag,' a procedure where players strike their cue balls towards the top cushion, with the closest ball to the baulk cushion determining the winner of the lag.
At the start of an English billiards game, the red ball is placed on the 'spot' at the bottom of the table.
Answer: False
This statement is false. At the commencement of an English billiards game, the red ball is positioned on the 'spot' located at the top of the table, analogous to its placement in snooker.
When playing 'in-hand' after a losing hazard, what must the striker ensure their cue ball does?
Answer: True
When playing 'in-hand' following a losing hazard, the striker must ensure their cue ball crosses the baulk line and makes contact with a cushion outside the baulk area before striking any ball within the baulk area.
What happens to the opponent's cue ball if it is pocketed during the striker's turn?
Answer: True
If the opponent's cue ball is pocketed during the striker's turn, it remains off the table and is returned to the opponent when it is their turn to play, allowing them to play it 'in-hand' from the 'D'.
What is the primary function of the 'baulk line' and the 'D' in English billiards?
Answer: To define areas for starting play and playing 'in-hand' shots.
The 'baulk line' and the 'D' area serve as crucial zones for defining the starting positions of balls and for executing 'in-hand' shots, particularly concerning rules about playing from within the 'D' and making contact with balls outside this area.
How is the starting player determined in English billiards?
Answer: A 'lag' where players strike a ball towards the top cushion
The starting player is determined by a 'lag,' a procedure where both players strike a cue ball towards the top cushion, and the player whose ball stops closest to the baulk cushion wins the lag.
Where is the red ball initially placed at the start of an English billiards game?
Answer: On the 'spot' at the top of the table
At the commencement of an English billiards game, the red ball is placed on the 'spot' at the top of the table.
An English billiards match is won by reaching a predetermined score or having the higher score when time expires.
Answer: True
This statement is true. An English billiards match is concluded either by a player reaching a predetermined score target or by the player possessing the higher score when the allotted time expires.
After committing a losing hazard, the striker must play from their original position.
Answer: False
This statement is false. After committing a losing hazard, the striker plays 'in-hand' from within the 'D' area, subject to specific rules regarding crossing the baulk line.
If an opponent's cue ball is pocketed, it is immediately respotted on the top spot.
Answer: False
This statement is false. If an opponent's cue ball is pocketed, it remains off the table and is returned to the opponent when it is their turn to play, allowing them to play it 'in-hand'.
A 'cannon' is a scoring shot where the cue ball hits only the red ball.
Answer: False
This statement is false. A 'cannon' is a scoring shot where the cue ball strikes both the opponent's cue ball and the red ball in a single stroke.
The 'D' area in English billiards is a rectangular marking used for positioning balls.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The 'D' area in English billiards is a semi-circular marking, not rectangular, used for positioning balls, particularly during 'in-hand' play.
A 'cannon' shot in English billiards, where the cue ball hits both other balls, is worth 3 points.
Answer: False
This statement is false. A 'cannon' shot, where the cue ball strikes both the opponent's cue ball and the red ball in a single stroke, is worth 2 points.
Pocketing the red ball in English billiards scores 3 points, while pocketing the opponent's cue ball scores 2 points.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Pocketing the red ball earns 3 points, and pocketing the opponent's cue ball awards 2 points.
A 'losing hazard' occurs when the striker's cue ball hits another ball and is then pocketed, scoring points based on which ball was hit first.
Answer: True
This statement is true. A 'losing hazard' (or 'in-off') transpires when the striker's cue ball, after legally contacting another ball, is subsequently pocketed. Points are awarded based on which ball was struck first.
What is the maximum score achievable in a single shot in English billiards, according to the source?
Answer: 10 points
The maximum score attainable from a single shot in English billiards is 10 points. This is achieved through a complex sequence involving a cannon shot that pockets both the red ball and the opponent's cue ball, followed by pocketing one's own cue ball as a losing hazard.
What happens to the red ball if it is pocketed and then pocketed again immediately from the top spot without an intervening shot?
Answer: It is respotted on the middle spot.
If the red ball is pocketed twice consecutively from the top spot without an intervening shot, it is respotted on the middle spot. Should the middle spot be occupied, it is then respotted on the pyramid spot.
The term 'winning hazard' in English billiards refers to:
Answer: Pocketing the opponent's cue ball or the red ball.
A 'winning hazard' in English billiards refers to the act of legally pocketing either the opponent's cue ball (scoring 2 points) or the red ball (scoring 3 points).
What is the point value for pocketing the red ball in English billiards?
Answer: 3 points
Pocketing the red ball in English billiards scores 3 points.
What is the point value for pocketing the opponent's cue ball in English billiards?
Answer: 2 points
Pocketing the opponent's cue ball in English billiards scores 2 points.
If the striker's cue ball hits the red ball first and then goes into a pocket, how many points are scored?
Answer: 3 points
If the striker's cue ball hits the red ball first and then is pocketed, 3 points are scored, as this constitutes pocketing the red ball.
A 'miss' in English billiards, particularly when playing in-hand, results in two points awarded to the opponent.
Answer: True
This statement is true. If a player commits a 'miss' while playing in-hand, two points are awarded to the opponent, and the opponent must then play from the position the balls have come to rest.
What is the penalty for committing a foul in English billiards?
Answer: True
The penalty for committing a foul in English billiards is that two points are awarded to the opposing player. The opponent then has the option to play the balls from their current positions or have them respotted.
Which of the following is listed as a common foul in English billiards?
Answer: Playing a 16th consecutive hazard.
Playing a sequence of 16 consecutive hazards is listed as a common foul in English billiards.
The penalty for committing a foul in English billiards is the loss of two points for the offending player.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The penalty for committing a foul in English billiards is that two points are awarded to the opposing player, not lost by the offending player.
Playing a 16th consecutive hazard is considered a foul in English billiards.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Exceeding a sequence of 15 consecutive hazards, thus playing a 16th, constitutes a foul in English billiards.
The balls used in English billiards are identical in size to those used in snooker.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The balls utilized in English billiards are precisely the same size as those used in snooker, measuring 52.5 mm in diameter.
A standard tournament English billiards table measures approximately 10 feet by 5 feet.
Answer: False
This statement is false. A standard tournament-sized English billiards table features a playing area of approximately 11 feet 8 inches by 5 feet 10 inches.
In English billiards, what are the three balls used?
Answer: One white, one yellow, one red
The three balls used in English billiards are one white cue ball, one yellow cue ball, and one red object ball. Historically, the second cue ball was a white ball with a spot.
What are the dimensions of the balls used in English billiards, compared to snooker balls?
Answer: They are identical in size to snooker balls.
The balls used in English billiards are identical in size to those used in snooker, measuring 52.5 mm in diameter.
What is the standard playing area length for a tournament-sized English billiards table?
Answer: 11 feet 8 inches
A standard tournament-sized English billiards table has a playing area length of 11 feet 8 inches.
English billiards gained significant popularity in the United States shortly after World War I, following a visit by Melbourn Inman.
Answer: True
This statement is true. English billiards saw a surge in popularity in the United States around 1913-1915, largely attributed to the visit and exhibition matches played by Melbourn Inman.
Walter Lindrum, an Australian player, held the World Professional Billiards Championship title continuously from 1933 until his retirement in 1950.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Walter Lindrum, an Australian cue sports luminary, maintained an unbroken reign as the World Professional Billiards Champion from 1933 until his retirement in 1950.
Jonathan Kentfield was the first recorded English billiards champion, holding the title from 1820 to 1849.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Jonathan Kentfield holds the distinction of being the first recorded English billiards champion, reigning from 1820 until 1849.
Who was instrumental in popularizing English billiards in the United States around 1913-1915?
Answer: Melbourn Inman
Melbourn Inman was instrumental in popularizing English billiards in the United States during the period of 1913-1915.
What significant achievement is Walter Lindrum known for in English billiards history?
Answer: Holding the World Professional Billiards Championship title from 1933 to 1950
Walter Lindrum is known for holding the World Professional Billiards Championship title continuously from 1933 until his retirement in 1950.
Who was the first recorded English billiards champion?
Answer: Jonathan Kentfield
The first recorded English billiards champion was Jonathan Kentfield, who held the title from 1820 to 1849.
Games like 'cowboy pool' and 'snooker' are directly descended from English billiards.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While games like bull dog, scratch pool, and thirty-eight pool are direct descendants, snooker is not directly descended from English billiards, though it shares common ancestry and equipment.
In the UK, snooker has completely replaced English billiards in terms of popularity.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While snooker has largely surpassed English billiards in popularity in the UK, it has not completely replaced it. English billiards retains a following and is practiced by snooker players for skill development.
The Billiards Association, the first governing body for English billiards, was established in 1908.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The Billiards Association, recognized as the first governing body for English billiards, was established in 1885, not 1908.
The Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) was formed in 1919 by the merger of the Billiards Association and the Billiards Control Club.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC) was indeed formed in 1919 through the amalgamation of the Billiards Association and the Billiards Control Club.
Before 1870, English billiards champions were determined through organized tournaments.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Prior to 1870, championship titles in English billiards were typically decided through challenge matches rather than organized tournaments.
Which of the following games is NOT listed as being directly descended from English billiards?
Answer: Snooker
Snooker is not listed as being directly descended from English billiards, although other games like bull dog, scratch pool, and thirty-eight pool are.
Which cue sport has largely overshadowed English billiards in popularity in the UK?
Answer: Snooker
Snooker has largely overshadowed English billiards in popularity within the UK.
The Billiards Association, the first governing body, was formed in the UK in what year?
Answer: 1885
The Billiards Association, the first governing body for English billiards, was formed in the UK in 1885.
Snooker and eight-ball pool have largely surpassed English billiards in popularity in the UK.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Snooker and English-style eight-ball pool have indeed achieved greater popularity in the United Kingdom compared to English billiards.