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The epoxide group, also known as an oxirane group, is a highly reactive three-membered ring structure essential for the function of epoxy resins.
Answer: True
The statement is true. The epoxide group is characterized by its high reactivity, which is fundamental to the cross-linking reactions that form thermoset epoxy polymers. Its strained ring structure makes it susceptible to nucleophilic attack.
The Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW), also referred to as the epoxy value, is a critical parameter used to determine the stoichiometric amount of hardener required for optimal curing of epoxy resins.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The EEW quantifies the amount of resin that contains one mole of epoxide groups, which is essential for precise formulation with hardeners to achieve desired cross-linking density and material properties.
Reactive diluents are inert substances added to epoxy resins solely for the purpose of reducing viscosity.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Reactive diluents are typically low-viscosity epoxy compounds themselves that participate in the curing reaction, becoming part of the final polymer network. Their primary function is to lower viscosity for improved processing.
What is the fundamental reactive group present in epoxy resins that enables their characteristic cross-linking reactions?
Answer: Epoxide (oxirane) group
The fundamental reactive group is the epoxide (or oxirane) group. This strained three-membered ring readily undergoes ring-opening reactions with various hardeners, forming the cross-linked thermoset polymer.
Why is the Epoxy Equivalent Weight (EEW) considered a crucial parameter in epoxy resin formulation?
Answer: It helps calculate the precise amount of hardener needed.
The EEW is crucial because it allows for the precise calculation of the stoichiometric amount of hardener required to achieve optimal cross-linking and desired physical properties in the cured epoxy system.
In the context of epoxy systems, how are reactive diluents best described?
Answer: Low-viscosity epoxy resins that become part of the cured network.
Reactive diluents are low-viscosity epoxy compounds that are added to reduce the overall viscosity of the system for easier processing. Crucially, they participate in the curing reaction and become integrated into the final polymer network.
The predominant method for synthesizing commercial epoxy monomers involves the reaction of compounds possessing acidic hydroxy groups with epichlorohydrin.
Answer: True
This statement is true. This process, known as glycidylation, is the primary route for producing widely used epoxy resins like bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE).
Bisphenol-based epoxy resins are synthesized through the reaction of epichlorohydrin with various bisphenols, such as bisphenol A or bisphenol F.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Bisphenols are key reactants in the production of a significant class of epoxy resins, with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) being the most commercially prevalent.
Higher molecular weight bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resins are synthesized by reacting the initial resin with additional epichlorohydrin.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Higher molecular weight bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resins are typically formed by reacting the initial liquid epoxy resin with additional bisphenol A, a process known as advancement or prepolymerization.
The 'taffy' process is a method for producing higher molecular weight epoxy resins by adjusting the molar ratio of bisphenol A to epichlorohydrin, resulting in linear polyethers with glycidyl end groups.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The taffy process is one technique used to increase the molecular weight of epoxy resins, yielding products with specific structural characteristics.
Phenoxy resins are characterized as low molecular weight epoxy resins possessing a high concentration of reactive epoxide groups.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Phenoxy resins are very high molecular weight polymers derived from epoxy resin synthesis, containing virtually no terminal epoxide groups but possessing hydroxyl groups along the polymer backbone.
Novolak epoxy resins, such as EPN and ECN, are produced by reacting novolaks with bisphenol A.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Novolak epoxy resins are synthesized by reacting novolaks with epichlorohydrin, not bisphenol A. This process yields resins with multiple epoxy groups per molecule.
Cycloaliphatic epoxides are synthesized via the reaction of cyclic alkenes with peracids and are recognized for their excellent weather resistance.
Answer: True
This statement is true. This synthesis route produces epoxy resins with aliphatic rings, which generally exhibit superior performance in outdoor applications compared to aromatic epoxies.
Epoxidized vegetable oils are primarily employed as high-strength structural components within epoxy formulations.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxidized vegetable oils are typically used as reactive diluents due to their low viscosity, which helps reduce the overall viscosity of the epoxy system for improved processing.
Aliphatic glycidyl epoxy resins are typically high molecular weight polymers valued for their rigidity.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Aliphatic glycidyl epoxy resins are generally low molecular weight compounds, often used as reactive diluents or adhesion promoters to modify the properties of epoxy systems.
Brominated epoxy resins, such as those derived from tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), are incorporated into formulations to impart flame retardant properties.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The presence of bromine atoms in the resin structure enhances the flame retardancy of the cured epoxy material, which is particularly important in electrical and electronic applications.
Glycidylamine epoxy resins, synthesized from aromatic amines, are recognized for their high functionality and suitability for demanding aerospace composite applications.
Answer: True
This statement is true. These resins offer excellent thermal and mechanical properties upon curing, making them valuable in high-performance applications like aerospace.
The 'advancement' process increases epoxy resin molecular weight by reacting liquid epoxy resin with additional bisphenol A at elevated temperatures.
Answer: True
This statement is true. This controlled reaction extends the polymer chains, yielding higher molecular weight epoxy resins suitable for various applications.
The primary method for producing commercial epoxy monomers involves the reaction of alkenes with peracids.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The primary method for producing commercial epoxy monomers involves reacting compounds with acidic hydroxy groups with epichlorohydrin. The reaction of alkenes with peracids is used for synthesizing cycloaliphatic epoxides.
The 'taffy' process results in the formation of linear polyethers characterized by hydroxyl end groups.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The 'taffy' process yields linear polyethers that are terminated with glycidyl groups, not hydroxyl groups.
What is the primary reaction mechanism employed in the most common industrial method for producing commercial epoxy monomers?
Answer: Reacting compounds with acidic hydroxy groups with epichlorohydrin
The most common method involves the reaction between compounds containing acidic hydroxy groups and epichlorohydrin, a process known as glycidylation.
Which of the following represents the most commercially significant example of a bisphenol-based epoxy resin?
Answer: Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), also known as DGEBA, is the most widely produced and utilized bisphenol-based epoxy resin.
The 'advancement' process is employed to increase the molecular weight of epoxy resins by:
Answer: Reacting liquid epoxy resin with additional bisphenol A.
This process involves reacting a liquid epoxy resin with a calculated amount of bisphenol A at elevated temperatures, thereby extending the polymer chains.
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes phenoxy resins from typical epoxy resins?
Answer: They have very high molecular weights and virtually no epoxide groups.
Phenoxy resins are distinguished by their very high molecular weights and the virtual absence of reactive epoxide groups, although they possess hydroxyl groups along the polymer backbone.
Novolak epoxy resins are characterized by which of the following attributes?
Answer: Multiple epoxy groups per molecule and high temperature resistance.
Novolak epoxy resins possess multiple epoxy groups per molecule, leading to a highly cross-linked structure upon curing that provides excellent thermal and chemical resistance.
Which specific type of epoxy resin is synthesized through the reaction of a cyclic alkene with a peracid?
Answer: Cycloaliphatic epoxide resin
This synthesis method yields cycloaliphatic epoxide resins, which differ structurally from glycidyl-based epoxies and often exhibit enhanced weatherability.
Epoxidized vegetable oils are frequently incorporated into epoxy formulations primarily in what capacity?
Answer: Reactive diluents
Epoxidized vegetable oils are typically used as reactive diluents due to their low viscosity, helping to improve the processability of epoxy systems.
What is a key characteristic or functional purpose of halogenated epoxy resins, such as those containing bromine?
Answer: They are incorporated to provide flame retardant properties.
Halogenated epoxy resins, particularly brominated ones, are utilized to impart flame retardant properties to the final cured material, which is critical for safety in many applications.
Glycidylamine epoxy resins are typically synthesized through the reaction of aromatic amines with which chemical?
Answer: Epichlorohydrin
These resins are formed by reacting aromatic amines with epichlorohydrin, yielding structures with high functionality.
The 'taffy' process is a manufacturing method employed for producing epoxy resins characterized by which structural features?
Answer: Linear polyethers and glycidyl end groups.
The taffy process yields linear polyethers that are terminated with glycidyl end groups, contributing to their utility in creating higher molecular weight resins.
Which specific type of epoxy resin is recognized for its high functionality and frequent application in demanding aerospace composite structures?
Answer: Glycidylamine epoxy resins
Glycidylamine epoxy resins, derived from aromatic amines, offer high functionality and excellent performance characteristics, making them suitable for advanced aerospace composites.
Epoxy resins are typically cured through reaction with co-reactants known as hardeners, which commonly include amines, acids, phenols, and thiols.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Hardeners are essential co-reactants that initiate the cross-linking process in epoxy resins. The listed chemical classes represent common types of hardeners used in various epoxy formulations.
Amines, anhydrides, and phenols represent common classes of chemical compounds utilized as epoxy hardeners.
Answer: True
This statement is true. These chemical families are widely employed as curing agents due to their ability to react with epoxide groups and form cross-linked thermoset polymers.
Thiols, also known as mercaptans, are generally slow-reacting hardeners suitable only for high-temperature curing applications.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Thiols are known for their high reactivity with epoxy groups, often curing rapidly at ambient or even sub-ambient temperatures, making them suitable for applications where heat curing is not feasible.
Latent hardeners are characterized by high reactivity at ambient temperatures, which enables extended pot-life in one-component epoxy systems.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Latent hardeners exhibit low reactivity at ambient temperatures, only becoming active and initiating curing at elevated temperatures. This property is crucial for creating stable one-component (1K) epoxy systems.
Accelerators, such as 2,4,6-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, are incorporated into epoxy formulations to deliberately slow down the curing reaction.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Accelerators are chemical additives used to increase the rate of the epoxy curing reaction, thereby reducing cure times and potentially lowering cure temperatures.
Epoxy homopolymerization refers to the process where epoxy resins react with themselves, catalyzed by agents such as tertiary amines or boron trifluoride complexes.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Homopolymerization is a curing mechanism distinct from reaction with external hardeners, leading to a polymer network primarily composed of ether linkages.
When amines cure epoxy resins, they form ether bridges and hydroxyl groups through addition reactions.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Specifically, primary amines undergo an addition reaction with epoxide groups, generating hydroxyl groups and secondary amines, which can then react further. The resulting network is characterized by ether linkages and hydroxyl functionalities.
Aromatic amines generally provide faster curing and better temperature resistance in epoxy systems compared to aliphatic amines.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Aliphatic amines typically exhibit faster reactivity, leading to quicker cure times at ambient temperatures, while aromatic amines generally provide superior thermal stability and higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the cured product.
Anhydrides are utilized as epoxy curing agents, recognized for their high latency and suitability for formulations containing significant amounts of filler.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The latency of anhydrides allows for longer working times, which is advantageous when incorporating fillers that can increase viscosity and processing complexity.
Phenols cure epoxy resins by forming ester linkages at elevated temperatures.
Answer: False
This statement is false. When phenols cure epoxy resins at elevated temperatures, they primarily form ether linkages through a reaction mechanism involving the hydroxyl groups of the phenol and the epoxide rings.
Isocyanates react with epoxy resins primarily to form urethane linkages, analogous to polyurethane chemistry.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Isocyanates react with epoxy resins at elevated temperatures to form isocyanurate rings (from isocyanate trimerization) and oxazolidinone rings (from reaction between isocyanate and epoxide groups), rather than urethane linkages.
Aliphatic amines are typically employed as hardeners when high temperature resistance is the primary requirement for the cured epoxy system.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While aliphatic amines offer fast curing at ambient temperatures, aromatic amines generally provide superior thermal stability and higher temperature resistance in the cured epoxy network.
Which of the following chemical classes is NOT typically listed as a co-reactant (hardener) for epoxy resins?
Answer: Alkanes
Alkanes are generally unreactive towards epoxy resins under typical curing conditions and are therefore not considered hardeners. Amines, thiols, and other functional groups are commonly used.
Among the common classes of hardeners, which generally exhibits the highest reactivity with epoxy resins?
Answer: Thiols
Thiols (mercaptans) are known for their very rapid reaction rates with epoxy groups, often leading to fast curing even at low temperatures.
Latent hardeners are primarily characterized by which of the following properties?
Answer: Low reactivity at ambient temperatures, activating at elevated temperatures.
Latent hardeners exhibit minimal reactivity at ambient temperatures but become highly active and initiate curing upon heating, enabling longer pot-life and one-component systems.
What is the principal function of accelerators when added to epoxy curing systems?
Answer: To speed up the curing reaction.
Accelerators are added to significantly increase the rate of the epoxy curing reaction, thereby reducing the time required for the material to achieve its final properties.
The cured network resulting from epoxy homopolymerization is primarily composed of which type of linkage?
Answer: Ether bridge
Epoxy homopolymerization leads to the formation of a polymer network characterized by ether bridges, formed through the ring-opening polymerization of the epoxide groups.
Describe the fundamental mechanism by which polyfunctional primary amines cure epoxy resins.
Answer: Through an addition reaction with epoxide groups, forming hydroxyl and secondary amine groups.
Primary amines react with epoxide groups via an addition mechanism, generating hydroxyl groups and secondary amines. These secondary amines can then react with further epoxide groups, leading to extensive cross-linking.
In comparison to aromatic amines, aliphatic amines utilized as epoxy hardeners generally provide which set of characteristics?
Answer: Lower temperature resistance and faster reactivity.
Aliphatic amines typically exhibit faster reactivity, enabling quicker curing at ambient temperatures, but generally result in cured epoxy systems with lower thermal stability and temperature resistance compared to those cured with aromatic amines.
Anhydrides are frequently selected as epoxy curing agents for applications involving high filler content due to their possession of which key property?
Answer: High latency, allowing for processing before curing.
Anhydrides exhibit high latency, meaning they react slowly at room temperature but cure effectively at elevated temperatures. This allows for extended working times, which is beneficial when incorporating large amounts of fillers.
When epoxy resins undergo curing with phenols, what type of chemical linkage is primarily formed?
Answer: Ether linkage
The reaction between phenols and epoxy resins at elevated temperatures predominantly forms ether linkages, contributing to the thermal and chemical stability of the cured material.
Which factor exerts a significant influence on both the processing characteristics and the final properties of cured epoxy resins?
Answer: The type of hardener used.
The selection of the hardener is paramount, as it dictates the reaction kinetics, cure conditions, cross-link density, and ultimately, the mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance properties of the final thermoset polymer.
Cured epoxy resins are primarily utilized in applications demanding high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance, contrasting with their use in disposable food packaging.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Cured epoxy resins are renowned for their superior mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and excellent chemical resistance, making them suitable for demanding applications, not disposable packaging.
Epoxy resins generally exhibit poor adhesion, thereby limiting their extensive use as adhesives.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxy resins are highly valued for their excellent adhesion to a wide variety of substrates, which is a primary reason for their widespread use as adhesives.
Epoxy paints and coatings are highly resistant to degradation when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxy coatings are susceptible to degradation, commonly known as 'chalking out,' upon prolonged exposure to UV radiation, which limits their use in outdoor applications without protective topcoats.
Yellowing observed in epoxy materials is solely attributable to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Yellowing is often attributed to a thermo-oxidative process involving the formation of carbonyl groups within the polymer's carbon-carbon backbone, resulting from nucleophilic radical attack, even in the absence of UV exposure.
Epoxy resins cured with phenols exhibit lower chemical resistance compared to those cured with amines.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxy resins cured with phenols generally demonstrate superior chemical and oxidation resistance compared to those cured with amines.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymers resulting from the reaction of isocyanates and epoxy resins is correlated with the epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) of the resin.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The EEW influences the cross-link density and molecular structure of the final polymer, which in turn affects its thermal properties, including the glass transition temperature.
Epoxy resins are widely recognized for their excellent electrical insulating capabilities.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Their low electrical conductivity and high dielectric strength make them ideal for use in electrical and electronic applications.
According to the provided information, what are the key properties of cured epoxy resins that contribute to their extensive range of applications?
Answer: Favorable mechanical properties and high thermal/chemical resistance
Cured epoxy resins exhibit favorable mechanical properties, such as high strength and toughness, coupled with excellent thermal and chemical resistance. These attributes make them suitable for demanding industrial and structural uses.
What is a significant limitation of epoxy paints and coatings when subjected to environmental exposure, particularly concerning UV radiation?
Answer: They tend to deteriorate when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
A major limitation is their tendency to degrade and 'chalk out' upon prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, necessitating protective topcoats for outdoor applications.
The phenomenon of 'yellowing' observed in epoxy materials, even in the absence of UV exposure, is attributed to what underlying process?
Answer: Oxidation involving the formation of carbonyl groups.
Yellowing is often attributed to a thermo-oxidative process involving the formation of carbonyl groups within the polymer's carbon-carbon backbone, resulting from nucleophilic radical attack.
In the context of epoxy resin applications, what phenomenon is referred to as 'chalking out'?
Answer: The deterioration of epoxy paints and coatings upon UV exposure.
'Chalking out' refers to the surface degradation of epoxy paints and coatings, characterized by the formation of a powdery residue, typically resulting from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy Powder Coatings (FBE) are primarily utilized to enhance the aesthetic appearance of automotive parts.
Answer: False
This statement is false. FBE coatings are predominantly used for their excellent corrosion protection properties, particularly on steel pipes, rebar, and other metal substrates, and as primers.
Epoxy adhesives achieve bonding to surfaces via mechanisms including mechanical interlocking, physical adhesion, and ionic bonding.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The combination of these bonding mechanisms, particularly the strong ionic interactions at the atomic level, contributes to the exceptional adhesive strength of epoxy systems.
In composite manufacturing, epoxy resins frequently serve as the matrix material, reinforced with fibers such as carbon fiber or fiberglass to produce high-strength components.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The synergy between the epoxy matrix and reinforcing fibers results in materials with exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, widely used in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods.
Epoxy resins are utilized in the construction of wind turbine blades primarily as a filler material intended to increase weight.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxy resins are critical components in wind turbine blades due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, enabling the creation of long, efficient, and durable blades.
Within the electronics industry, epoxy resins function effectively as electrical insulators and protective encapsulants for components such as integrated circuits and printed wiring boards.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Their excellent dielectric properties and protective capabilities make epoxies indispensable in electronic device manufacturing and protection.
Water-soluble epoxies, such as Durcupan, find application in petroleum industry treatments for water shut-off.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Water-soluble epoxies like Durcupan are primarily utilized in biological sample preparation for electron microscopy, not for water shut-off treatments in the petroleum industry.
In marine repair applications, epoxy resins are generally favored over polyester resins owing to their superior mechanical properties and adhesion.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The enhanced strength, flexibility, and bonding capabilities of epoxies make them a preferred choice for durable repairs in marine environments.
Incorporating epoxy resins into mortars and concrete significantly decreases their cost while simultaneously improving their properties.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While epoxy resins substantially improve the properties of mortars and concrete, they also significantly increase their cost. They are used for specialized applications requiring enhanced performance.
In aerospace applications, epoxy resins are commonly reinforced with natural fibers such as cotton or jute.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Aerospace applications typically utilize high-performance synthetic fibers like carbon fiber, fiberglass, Kevlar, or boron fiber for reinforcement with epoxy resins, not natural fibers like cotton or jute.
Epoxy resins are employed in artistic endeavors, including painting, jewelry creation, and decorative finishes, owing to their exceptional moldability and glossy aesthetic.
Answer: True
This statement is true. The unique properties of epoxy resins make them a versatile medium for artists and designers seeking durable, visually appealing results.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) powder coatings are primarily utilized for what purpose?
Answer: Provide corrosion protection for steel pipes and rebar.
FBE coatings are predominantly applied to provide robust corrosion protection for metal substrates, such as steel pipes used in the oil and gas industry, and for concrete reinforcing rebar.
Which bonding mechanism is considered the most significant contributor to the adhesion exhibited by epoxy adhesives?
Answer: Ionic bonding at an atomic level
While mechanical interlocking and physical adhesion play roles, ionic bonding at an atomic level with the substrate surface is considered the strongest mechanism responsible for the exceptional adhesion of epoxy adhesives.
In the context of composite material manufacturing, what role do epoxy resins primarily fulfill?
Answer: Matrix material
Epoxy resins function as the matrix material in composites, binding together reinforcing fibers (like carbon or glass) to form a cohesive, high-performance structure.
What is a key advantage of employing epoxy resins over polyester resins, particularly in marine repair and construction applications?
Answer: Superior mechanical properties and adhesion
Epoxy resins offer superior mechanical properties, such as higher strength and toughness, along with significantly better adhesion compared to polyester resins, making them more durable for marine environments.
In which specialized field are water-soluble epoxies, such as Durcupan, commonly utilized?
Answer: Biological sample preparation for electron microscopy
Water-soluble epoxies are frequently employed in biological sample preparation for electron microscopy, where they serve as embedding media for sectioning.
The utilization of epoxy resins in the construction of wind turbine blades is critical for achieving which performance characteristic?
Answer: High strength-to-weight ratios for efficiency.
Epoxy resins are essential for creating wind turbine blades with high strength-to-weight ratios, enabling longer, lighter, and more aerodynamically efficient designs.
Which of the following materials is a common reinforcement fiber utilized with epoxy resins in aerospace applications?
Answer: Glass fibers
While carbon fiber is also prevalent, glass fibers are a common reinforcement used with epoxy resins in aerospace composites, contributing to structural integrity and performance.
Paul Schlack is credited with the initial discovery of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resins in 1943.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While Paul Schlack reported and patented the condensation of epoxides and amines in 1934, Pierre Castan is credited with the discovery of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resins in 1943.
In 2016, the Asia-Pacific region commanded the largest market share for epoxy resins, with China identified as a principal consumer.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Market data from 2016 indicates significant economic activity in epoxy resins within the Asia-Pacific region, driven by major industrial consumers like China.
A notable trend in the epoxy resin industry involves the development of resins derived from renewable sources and recycled materials to enhance overall sustainability.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Growing environmental awareness is driving research and development into 'green' epoxy alternatives, including bio-based monomers and recycled feedstocks.
Uncured liquid epoxy resins are generally considered safe for direct skin contact and pose no toxicity risk to aquatic life.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Uncured liquid epoxy resins are typically irritants to skin and eyes, can cause sensitization leading to allergic reactions, and are considered toxic to aquatic organisms.
Epoxy waste is considered safe for disposal in its liquid, uncured form.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Epoxy waste is generally considered safer for disposal once it has been fully cured into a solid, inert material, transforming it from its potentially hazardous liquid form.
Inhalation of sanding dust generated from uncured epoxy compounds can lead to respiratory problems.
Answer: True
This statement is true. Airborne particles from uncured epoxy materials can irritate the respiratory system and pose health risks upon inhalation.
Who is credited with the discovery of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resins?
Answer: Pierre Castan
Pierre Castan is credited with the discovery of bisphenol-A-based epoxy resins in 1943.
What is a primary consideration concerning the safe disposal of epoxy waste?
Answer: It must be fully cured to be considered safer for disposal.
The primary concern is that uncured epoxy resins can be hazardous. Therefore, epoxy waste is generally considered safer for disposal only after it has been fully cured into a solid, inert material.
What is identified as a major health risk associated with repeated exposure to uncured epoxy resin compounds?
Answer: Sensitization leading to allergic reactions like dermatitis
Repeated exposure to uncured epoxy resins can lead to sensitization, resulting in allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis, particularly on the skin.