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Erik of Pomerania's birth name was Erik.
Answer: False
Erik of Pomerania's birth name was Bogusław, a Slavic name equivalent to Bogislaw, not Erik.
Erik of Pomerania was chosen as heir to the Kalmar Union by his father, Wartislaw VII.
Answer: False
Erik was designated as heir to the Kalmar Union by his great-aunt, Queen Margaret I of Denmark, not by his father, Wartislaw VII.
What was Erik of Pomerania's birth name?
Answer: Bogislaw
Erik of Pomerania's birth name was Bogusław, a Slavic name equivalent to Bogislaw.
Who chose Erik of Pomerania as the heir to the Kalmar Union?
Answer: Margaret I of Denmark
Queen Margaret I of Denmark designated Erik as her heir to ensure the continuation of the Kalmar Union under a single monarch.
Who was Erik of Pomerania's father?
Answer: Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania
Erik of Pomerania's father was Wartislaw VII, who held the title Duke of Pomerania.
Erik of Pomerania ruled solely as the King of Denmark during his reign.
Answer: False
Erik of Pomerania reigned over the Kalmar Union, which encompassed Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. His rule was not solely confined to Denmark, as he held the crowns of all three kingdoms.
Erik was crowned King of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden in Oslo in 1397.
Answer: False
Erik was crowned King of the Kalmar Union in Kalmar, Sweden, on June 17, 1397, not in Oslo.
Queen Margaret I remained the de facto ruler of the Kalmar Union until her death in 1412.
Answer: True
Queen Margaret I retained effective control and governance over the Kalmar Union, acting as the de facto ruler, until her death in 1412, despite Erik's formal coronation.
Which of the following kingdoms were part of the Kalmar Union ruled by Erik of Pomerania?
Answer: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
The Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ruled by Erik of Pomerania, comprised the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
In which city was Erik of Pomerania crowned King of the Kalmar Union?
Answer: Kalmar
Erik of Pomerania was crowned King of the Kalmar Union in Kalmar, Sweden, on June 17, 1397.
Who served as the de facto ruler of the Kalmar Union kingdoms until 1412?
Answer: Margaret I
Queen Margaret I remained the de facto ruler of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden until her death in 1412, exercising the actual power of governance.
What was the primary goal of the Kalmar Union treaty drafted in 1397?
Answer: To formally unite Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under a single monarch.
The primary objective of the Kalmar Union treaty, drafted in 1397, was to formally unite the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under a singular royal authority.
Which of the following was NOT one of the primary kingdoms ruled by Erik of Pomerania?
Answer: Finland
While Erik ruled Denmark, Norway, and Sweden as part of the Kalmar Union, Finland was not one of the primary kingdoms under his direct royal rule.
In 1417, Erik made Stockholm the official capital of Denmark.
Answer: False
In 1417, Erik established Copenhagen as a royal possession and the capital of Denmark, not Stockholm.
Erik's pilgrimage to Jerusalem took place between 1423 and 1425, during which Queen Philippa governed the realms.
Answer: True
Erik undertook his pilgrimage to Jerusalem between 1423 and 1425. During his absence, Queen Philippa served as regent, governing the Kalmar Union kingdoms.
The primary long-standing conflict during Erik's sole rule was with the Hanseatic League over trade routes.
Answer: False
While conflicts with the Hanseatic League occurred, Erik's primary and most persistent struggle was the territorial dispute over South Jutland (Schleswig) with the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein.
Erik's military campaigns against the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein resulted in significant territorial gains for the Kalmar Union.
Answer: False
Erik's military campaigns against the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein did not result in significant territorial gains; rather, they led to losses of previously held territories and failed to secure his claims over South Jutland.
Erik built Krogen fortress to defend against potential English invasions.
Answer: False
The Krogen fortress was constructed by Erik primarily to enforce the collection of the Sound Dues, a toll on maritime traffic, rather than for defense against English invasions.
The conflict between Erik and the Hanseatic League from 1426 to 1435 primarily concerned religious differences.
Answer: False
The conflict between Erik and the Hanseatic League during this period was fundamentally rooted in disputes over trade, tolls, and maritime rights, particularly concerning the Sound Dues, not religious differences.
The Peace of Vordingborg in 1435 exempted Hanseatic cities from paying the Sound Dues.
Answer: True
The Peace of Vordingborg, concluded in 1435, did indeed stipulate exemptions from the Sound Dues for Hanseatic cities, alongside the cession of the Duchy of Schleswig to the Count of Holstein.
Who acted as regent of the three kingdoms during Erik's pilgrimage to Jerusalem?
Answer: Philippa of England
Queen Philippa of England served as regent for Denmark, Norway, and Sweden during Erik of Pomerania's pilgrimage to Jerusalem between 1423 and 1425.
What significant administrative action did Erik take regarding Copenhagen in 1417?
Answer: He made it a royal possession and the capital of Denmark.
In 1417, Erik of Pomerania designated Copenhagen as a royal possession and established it as the capital of Denmark, consolidating royal authority over the city.
What was the main objective of Erik's conflict with the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein?
Answer: To regain control of South Jutland (Schleswig).
Erik's protracted conflict with the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein was primarily aimed at reasserting Danish control over South Jutland (Schleswig).
What was the outcome of Erik's military campaigns against the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein?
Answer: No territorial gains and loss of previously held areas.
Erik's military campaigns against the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein proved unsuccessful, resulting in no territorial gains and the loss of areas previously under Danish control.
The Sound Dues, introduced by Erik in 1429, were levied on ships passing through which body of water?
Answer: The Øresund (The Sound)
The Sound Dues, established by Erik in 1429, were a toll imposed on all maritime traffic passing through the Øresund strait, connecting the Baltic Sea to the Atlantic.
What was the purpose of building the fortress Krogen?
Answer: To enforce the collection of the Sound Dues.
The fortress Krogen was strategically constructed by Erik of Pomerania to ensure the effective collection of the Sound Dues, thereby securing revenue from maritime trade.
The conflict between Erik and the Hanseatic League from 1426 to 1435 primarily involved disputes over:
Answer: Trade and tolls like the Sound Dues
The conflict between Erik and the Hanseatic League during the period 1426-1435 centered on issues of trade regulation and the imposition of tolls, most notably the Sound Dues.
Which of the following was a key term of the Peace of Vordingborg signed in 1435?
Answer: Hanseatic cities were exempted from the Sound Dues.
A principal term of the Peace of Vordingborg (1435) was the exemption granted to Hanseatic cities from paying the Sound Dues, alongside the cession of the Duchy of Schleswig.
Erik of Pomerania married Philippa of England in 1402, initiating a military alliance.
Answer: False
Erik married Philippa of England on October 26, 1406, not in 1402. The alliance formed through this marriage was defensive in nature, not explicitly military.
Philippa of England, Erik's wife, died in 1406 shortly after their marriage.
Answer: False
Philippa of England, wife of Erik of Pomerania, did not die shortly after their marriage in 1406. She lived until 1430.
After Queen Philippa's death, Erik took Cecilia, his former queen's lady-in-waiting, as his morganatic spouse.
Answer: True
Following the death of Queen Philippa in 1430, Erik entered into a relationship with Cecilia, who had been Philippa's lady-in-waiting, and later took her as his morganatic spouse.
What was the primary purpose of Erik's marriage to Philippa of England?
Answer: To forge a purely defensive alliance between England and the Nordic union.
The marriage of Erik of Pomerania to Philippa of England was intended to establish a purely defensive alliance between the Kalmar Union and the Kingdom of England.
After Queen Philippa's death, who became Erik's royal mistress and later morganatic spouse?
Answer: Cecilia
Following Queen Philippa's death in 1430, Cecilia, who had previously served as Philippa's lady-in-waiting, became Erik's royal mistress and later his morganatic spouse, a relationship that generated controversy.
The Engelbrekt rebellion was a Danish uprising against Erik's rule.
Answer: False
The Engelbrekt rebellion, commencing in 1434, was a significant Swedish uprising, fueled by economic grievances and opposition to royal authority, not a Danish revolt.
Erik left Denmark and resided in Gotland because the Danish nobility supported his choice of successor.
Answer: False
Erik relocated to Gotland due to opposition from the Danish nobility regarding his proposed successor, not because they supported his choice.
Erik was formally deposed as King of Norway in 1439, the same year he was deposed from Denmark and Sweden.
Answer: False
Erik was deposed from his thrones in Denmark and Sweden in 1439. His formal deposition as King of Norway occurred later, in 1440 or 1442.
Christopher of Bavaria succeeded Erik as King of Norway immediately after Erik's deposition in 1439.
Answer: False
Christopher of Bavaria succeeded Erik as King of Denmark and Sweden in 1439, but his succession to the Norwegian throne occurred later, following Erik's deposition from Norway.
After Christopher of Bavaria's death, Karl Knutsson Bonde became the undisputed King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
Answer: False
Following Christopher of Bavaria's death, Karl Knutsson Bonde became King of Sweden, but a contest for the thrones of Denmark and Norway ensued, preventing him from becoming the undisputed ruler of all three kingdoms.
During his ten years on Gotland after deposition, Erik lived a quiet life managing his estates.
Answer: False
For the ten years following his deposition, Erik resided on Gotland, where he engaged in piracy against merchant shipping in the Baltic Sea, rather than living a quiet life managing estates.
Erik of Pomerania died in Denmark and was buried in Roskilde Cathedral.
Answer: False
Erik of Pomerania died in Pomerania at Darłowo Castle and was buried in the Church of St. Mary's in Darłowo, not in Denmark or Roskilde Cathedral.
What was the primary cause of the Engelbrekt rebellion that began in 1434?
Answer: A Swedish uprising fueled by economic hardship and desire to weaken royal power.
The Engelbrekt rebellion was primarily a Swedish uprising, driven by economic distress and a desire to curtail royal authority, which significantly destabilized the Kalmar Union.
Why did Erik of Pomerania leave Denmark and take up permanent residence in Gotland?
Answer: The Danish nobility opposed his chosen successor.
Erik departed Denmark for Gotland due to the Danish nobility's opposition to his designated successor, which ultimately led to his deposition.
In what year was Erik deposed from his thrones in Denmark and Sweden?
Answer: 1439
Erik of Pomerania was deposed from his thrones in Denmark and Sweden in the year 1439.
Who succeeded Erik of Pomerania in Denmark and Sweden after his deposition?
Answer: Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria succeeded Erik of Pomerania as King of Denmark and Sweden following Erik's deposition in 1439.
What activity did Erik engage in during his ten years living on Gotland after his deposition?
Answer: Piracy against merchant trade
During his decade of residence on Gotland after his deposition, Erik actively engaged in piracy, targeting merchant vessels in the Baltic Sea.
Where was Erik of Pomerania buried?
Answer: Church of St. Mary's in Darłowo
Erik of Pomerania was buried in the Church of St. Mary's in Darłowo, Pomerania, where he also died.
The epithet 'of Pomerania' applied to Erik was intended as a term of honor, signifying his strong connection to the region.
Answer: False
The epithet 'of Pomerania' was applied to Erik not as a term of honor, but rather as a pejorative or disparaging identifier, suggesting his foreign origin relative to the Scandinavian kingdoms he ruled.
Contemporary sources described Erik as lacking energy and being overly diplomatic.
Answer: False
While contemporary accounts noted Erik's potential for obstinacy and a lack of diplomatic finesse, they also frequently described him as energetic and visionary, contradicting the assertion that he lacked energy or was overly diplomatic.
Erik's final ducal title was Duke of Pomerania-Stolp, which he ruled jointly with Bogislaw IX.
Answer: False
Erik's final ducal title was Duke of Pomerania-Rügenwalde, a partition of Pomerania-Stolp, which he ruled from 1449 to 1459. He was known as Erik I in this capacity.
Erik is credited with encouraging an expedition led by Hans Pothorst to find a Northwest Passage.
Answer: True
Erik of Pomerania is credited with encouraging an expedition, led by Didrik Pining and Hans Pothorst, which aimed to explore the possibility of a Northwest Passage.
Erik of Pomerania's full royal title included Duke of Pomerania but not the titles related to the Wends and Goths.
Answer: False
Erik of Pomerania's full royal title encompassed King of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and also included the titles 'King of the Wends and the Goths,' in addition to Duke of Pomerania.
The numbering Erik XIII of Sweden is historically accurate and was used during his lifetime.
Answer: False
The regnal number Erik XIII for Sweden is not historically accurate for his lifetime; it originated from an 18th-century monument based on a later, fictitious numbering system.
Why was the epithet 'of Pomerania' applied to Erik?
Answer: As a pejorative term suggesting he was an outsider to Scandinavia.
The epithet 'of Pomerania' was applied to Erik primarily as a pejorative, intended to emphasize his foreign origin and perceived lack of true belonging within the Scandinavian context.
Which of the following was a negative personality trait attributed to Erik of Pomerania?
Answer: Obstinacy
Among the negative traits attributed to Erik of Pomerania by contemporary sources were his hot temper and obstinacy, alongside a perceived lack of diplomatic skill.
The expedition encouraged by Erik, led by Didrik Pining and Hans Pothorst, aimed to investigate what?
Answer: The Northwest Passage
The expedition encouraged by Erik of Pomerania, led by Didrik Pining and Hans Pothorst, was intended to investigate the existence and feasibility of a Northwest Passage.
What did the lion with an axe symbol on Erik of Pomerania's 1398 royal seal represent?
Answer: Norway
The royal seal of Erik of Pomerania from 1398 featured a lion with an axe, which specifically represented the Kingdom of Norway.
The numbering Erik XIII of Sweden is considered historically inaccurate because:
Answer: The numbering originated from an 18th-century monument based on fictitious history.
The numbering Erik XIII for Sweden is considered historically inaccurate as it was established in the 18th century, based on a retrospective and fictitious numbering system, rather than contemporary usage.
What was the significance of Erik's meeting with Emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Sigismund in Buda in 1424?
Answer: It indicated his significant political standing as a ruler comparable to emperors.
Erik's meeting with Emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Sigismund in Buda in 1424, as depicted in contemporary illustrations, signified his considerable political stature, placing him on par with imperial rulers of the era.