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Eros: Deity of Love, Desire, and Primordial Force in Greek Mythology

At a Glance

Title: Eros: Deity of Love, Desire, and Primordial Force in Greek Mythology

Total Categories: 5

Category Stats

  • Eros: Nature, Attributes, and Roman Counterparts: 10 flashcards, 19 questions
  • Eros in Cosmogony and Primordial Myths: 5 flashcards, 10 questions
  • Key Myths and Divine Interventions of Eros: 22 flashcards, 43 questions
  • Cults, Worship, and Philosophical Interpretations: 7 flashcards, 13 questions
  • Iconography and Artistic Depictions: 6 flashcards, 12 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 50
  • True/False Questions: 48
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 49
  • Total Questions: 97

Instructions

Click the button to expand the instructions for how to use the Wiki2Web Teacher studio in order to print, edit, and export data about Eros: Deity of Love, Desire, and Primordial Force in Greek Mythology

Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
  • Import & Edit Existing Kit: Load a .json kit file from your computer to continue your work or to modify a kit created by a colleague.
  • Restore Session: The Studio automatically saves your progress in your browser. If you get interrupted, you can restore your unsaved work with one click.

Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
  • Fill in the term/question and the definition/answer.
  • Assign the flashcard to one of your pre-defined topics.
  • To edit or remove a flashcard, simply use the ✏️ (Edit) or ❌ (Delete) icons next to any entry in the list.

✍️ Question Author: Assessing Understanding

Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
  • To edit an existing question, click the ✏️ icon. You can change the question text, options, correct answer, and explanation at any time.
  • The Explanation field is a powerful tool: the text you enter here will automatically appear on the teacher's answer key and on the Smart Study Guide, providing instant feedback.

🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

📝 Worksheet & 📄 Exam Builder

Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

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Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

  • 💾 Export & Save Kit: This is your primary save function. It downloads the entire Kit (content, images, and all) to your computer as a single .json file. Use this to create permanent backups and share your work with others.
  • ➕ Import & Merge Kit: Combine your work. You can merge a colleague's Kit into your own or combine two of your lessons into a larger review Kit.

You're now ready to reclaim your time.

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Study Guide: Eros: Deity of Love, Desire, and Primordial Force in Greek Mythology

Study Guide: Eros: Deity of Love, Desire, and Primordial Force in Greek Mythology

Eros: Nature, Attributes, and Roman Counterparts

In Roman mythology, Eros was primarily known by the name Amor, with Cupid being a less common alternative.

Answer: False

In Roman mythology, Eros was known as both Cupid and Amor, with Cupid being the more commonly recognized name.

Related Concepts:

  • By what names was Eros known in Roman mythology?: In Roman mythology, Eros was referred to as Cupid or Amor, maintaining his association with love and desire.

Eros is typically depicted as a winged, handsome young man carrying a bow and arrows, though sometimes he appears as a mischievous juvenile boy.

Answer: True

Eros is generally portrayed as a winged, handsome young man or, in later satirical depictions, as a mischievous juvenile boy, consistently carrying a bow and arrows.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros generally depicted in Greek mythology and art?: Eros is typically portrayed as a handsome young man, though in some instances, he appears as a mischievous juvenile boy. In both depictions, he is winged and carries his characteristic bow and arrows.
  • How did the depiction of Eros change from early Greek poetry and art to later satirical poets?: In early Greek poetry and art, Eros was depicted as a young adult male embodying sexual power and artistic profoundness. However, in later satirical poets, he was represented as a blindfolded child, which served as a precursor to the chubby Renaissance Cupid.

Eros's bow and arrows were primarily used to defend his mother, Aphrodite, from rival deities.

Answer: False

Eros's bow and arrows were primarily used to cause mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, often under Aphrodite's direction, rather than for defense.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the primary function of Eros's bow and arrows?: Eros uses his bow and arrows to cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, frequently acting under the direction of his mother, Aphrodite.

The iconography of Eros and Cupid directly influenced the development of the Putto, which then evolved into the Cherub in Christian art.

Answer: True

The iconography of Eros and Cupid, particularly the chubby, winged child figure known as a Putto, directly influenced the development of the Cherub in Christian art.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the iconography of Eros/Cupid evolve into figures like the Putto and Cherub?: Eros and Cupid are also known in art tradition as a Putto, a chubby, winged child figure. This iconography later influenced the figure of the Cherub, which appeared in Christian art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

The chubby child figure of Eros/Cupid became a major symbol for Christmas, not Valentine's Day.

Answer: False

The chubby child figure of Eros/Cupid is a major icon and symbol for Valentine's Day, not Christmas.

Related Concepts:

  • What modern holiday is Eros/Cupid a major symbol for?: The later iteration of Eros/Cupid, particularly the chubby child figure, became a major icon and symbol for Valentine's Day.
  • How did the iconography of Eros/Cupid evolve into figures like the Putto and Cherub?: Eros and Cupid are also known in art tradition as a Putto, a chubby, winged child figure. This iconography later influenced the figure of the Cherub, which appeared in Christian art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

The Greek word 'ἔρως' (eros) is definitively known to have originated from a Proto-Indo-European root.

Answer: False

The precise etymology of the Greek word 'ἔρως' (eros) is uncertain, with some scholars suggesting a Pre-Greek origin rather than a definitive Proto-Indo-European root.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the name 'Eros'?: The Greek word 'ἔρως', *éros*, meaning 'desire' (from which 'eroticism' is derived), comes from the verb 'ἐράμαι', *éramai*, or its infinitive form 'erãsthai', meaning 'to desire, love'. Its precise etymology is uncertain, with some scholars suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

Early Greek poetry and art depicted Eros as a young adult male, while later satirical poets portrayed him as a blindfolded child, foreshadowing the Renaissance Cupid.

Answer: True

Early Greek depictions of Eros showed him as a young adult male, but later satirical poets portrayed him as a blindfolded child, a representation that foreshadowed the Renaissance Cupid.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the depiction of Eros change from early Greek poetry and art to later satirical poets?: In early Greek poetry and art, Eros was depicted as a young adult male embodying sexual power and artistic profoundness. However, in later satirical poets, he was represented as a blindfolded child, which served as a precursor to the chubby Renaissance Cupid.
  • How did the iconography of Eros/Cupid evolve into figures like the Putto and Cherub?: Eros and Cupid are also known in art tradition as a Putto, a chubby, winged child figure. This iconography later influenced the figure of the Cherub, which appeared in Christian art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Ovid described Eros's arsenal as containing only golden arrows, which induced love.

Answer: False

Ovid described Eros's arsenal as containing two types of arrows: golden arrows that induce love and lead arrows that cause aversion and hatred.

Related Concepts:

  • What two types of arrows did Ovid describe in Eros's arsenal?: Ovid described two kinds of arrows in Eros's arsenal: golden arrows that induce a powerful feeling of love and affection, and lead arrows that have the opposite effect, filling hearts with aversion and hatred.

Eros had power over all gods and mortals, including the virgin goddesses Hestia, Athena, and Artemis.

Answer: False

Despite his vast power, Eros could not affect the virgin goddesses Hestia, Athena, and Artemis, who had taken vows of purity.

Related Concepts:

  • What limitation did Eros face regarding certain goddesses?: Despite his mighty power over gods and mortals, Eros could not affect the virgin goddesses Hestia, Athena, and Artemis, who had all taken a vow of purity. Sappho noted that 'limb-loosening Eros never goes near her' when referring to Artemis.

What is the primary domain of the Greek god Eros?

Answer: Love, lust, desire, and sex

Eros is primarily identified as the Greek god of love, lust, desire, and sex, and is also recognized as a primordial god and the personification of love itself.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the primary domain of the Greek god Eros?: Eros is identified as the Greek god of love, lust, desire, and sex. He is also recognized as a primordial god and the personification of love itself.

In Roman mythology, by what two names was Eros primarily known?

Answer: Cupid and Amor

In Roman mythology, Eros was primarily known by the names Cupid and Amor.

Related Concepts:

  • By what names was Eros known in Roman mythology?: In Roman mythology, Eros was referred to as Cupid or Amor, maintaining his association with love and desire.

How is Eros generally depicted in Greek mythology and art, carrying his characteristic items?

Answer: As a winged, handsome young man or mischievous juvenile boy with a bow and arrows

Eros is generally depicted as a winged, handsome young man or mischievous juvenile boy, consistently carrying his characteristic bow and arrows.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros generally depicted in Greek mythology and art?: Eros is typically portrayed as a handsome young man, though in some instances, he appears as a mischievous juvenile boy. In both depictions, he is winged and carries his characteristic bow and arrows.
  • How did the depiction of Eros change from early Greek poetry and art to later satirical poets?: In early Greek poetry and art, Eros was depicted as a young adult male embodying sexual power and artistic profoundness. However, in later satirical poets, he was represented as a blindfolded child, which served as a precursor to the chubby Renaissance Cupid.

What is the primary function of Eros's bow and arrows, often under Aphrodite's direction?

Answer: To cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love

The primary function of Eros's bow and arrows is to cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, frequently under the direction of his mother, Aphrodite.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the primary function of Eros's bow and arrows?: Eros uses his bow and arrows to cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, frequently acting under the direction of his mother, Aphrodite.

The iconography of Eros and Cupid evolved into what chubby, winged child figure, which later influenced the Cherub in Christian art?

Answer: A Putto

The iconography of Eros and Cupid evolved into the Putto, a chubby, winged child figure, which subsequently influenced the Cherub in Christian art.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the iconography of Eros/Cupid evolve into figures like the Putto and Cherub?: Eros and Cupid are also known in art tradition as a Putto, a chubby, winged child figure. This iconography later influenced the figure of the Cherub, which appeared in Christian art during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

What modern holiday is the chubby child figure of Eros/Cupid a major icon and symbol for?

Answer: Valentine's Day

The chubby child figure of Eros/Cupid became a major icon and symbol for Valentine's Day.

Related Concepts:

  • What modern holiday is Eros/Cupid a major symbol for?: The later iteration of Eros/Cupid, particularly the chubby child figure, became a major icon and symbol for Valentine's Day.

What is the etymological origin of the Greek name 'Eros'?

Answer: From the Greek word 'ἔρως' meaning 'desire'

The Greek name 'Eros' originates from the Greek word 'ἔρως' (eros), meaning 'desire,' derived from the verb 'ἐράμαι' (éramai) or 'erãsthai' ('to desire, love').

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the name 'Eros'?: The Greek word 'ἔρως', *éros*, meaning 'desire' (from which 'eroticism' is derived), comes from the verb 'ἐράμαι', *éramai*, or its infinitive form 'erãsthai', meaning 'to desire, love'. Its precise etymology is uncertain, with some scholars suggesting a Pre-Greek origin.

How did the depiction of Eros change from early Greek poetry and art to later satirical poets?

Answer: From a young adult male to a blindfolded child

Eros's depiction evolved from a young adult male in early Greek poetry and art to a blindfolded child in later satirical poetry, foreshadowing the Renaissance Cupid.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the depiction of Eros change from early Greek poetry and art to later satirical poets?: In early Greek poetry and art, Eros was depicted as a young adult male embodying sexual power and artistic profoundness. However, in later satirical poets, he was represented as a blindfolded child, which served as a precursor to the chubby Renaissance Cupid.

What two types of arrows did Ovid describe in Eros's arsenal?

Answer: Golden arrows for love and lead arrows for aversion

Ovid described two types of arrows in Eros's arsenal: golden arrows that induce love and lead arrows that cause aversion and hatred.

Related Concepts:

  • What two types of arrows did Ovid describe in Eros's arsenal?: Ovid described two kinds of arrows in Eros's arsenal: golden arrows that induce a powerful feeling of love and affection, and lead arrows that have the opposite effect, filling hearts with aversion and hatred.

Which group of virgin goddesses was Eros unable to affect with his mighty power?

Answer: Hestia, Athena, and Artemis

Eros was unable to affect the virgin goddesses Hestia, Athena, and Artemis with his power, as they had all taken a vow of purity.

Related Concepts:

  • What limitation did Eros face regarding certain goddesses?: Despite his mighty power over gods and mortals, Eros could not affect the virgin goddesses Hestia, Athena, and Artemis, who had all taken a vow of purity. Sappho noted that 'limb-loosening Eros never goes near her' when referring to Artemis.

Eros in Cosmogony and Primordial Myths

Eros is exclusively known as the Greek god of love and is never associated with primordial creation myths.

Answer: False

Eros is identified as a primordial god and is associated with creation myths, such as in Hesiod's *Theogony* where he is the fourth god to come into existence, and in Orphic traditions as Protogonos, the 'first-born' creator.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the primary domain of the Greek god Eros?: Eros is identified as the Greek god of love, lust, desire, and sex. He is also recognized as a primordial god and the personification of love itself.
  • According to Hesiod's *Theogony*, what was Eros's place in the creation of the cosmos?: In Hesiod's *Theogony*, one of the most ancient Greek sources, Eros (Love) was the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia (Earth), and Tartarus, indicating his fundamental role in the cosmos.

Hesiod's *Theogony* places Eros as the first god to come into existence, preceding Chaos.

Answer: False

Hesiod's *Theogony* places Eros as the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia, and Tartarus, not the first.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Hesiod's *Theogony*, what was Eros's place in the creation of the cosmos?: In Hesiod's *Theogony*, one of the most ancient Greek sources, Eros (Love) was the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia (Earth), and Tartarus, indicating his fundamental role in the cosmos.

In Aristophanes' *The Birds*, Eros is depicted as being born from a germless egg laid by Night, then mating with Chaos to produce the human race.

Answer: True

Aristophanes' *The Birds* describes Eros as being born from a germless egg laid by Night, subsequently mating with Chaos to engender the human race.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros's birth described in Aristophanes' comedy *The Birds*?: In Aristophanes' *The Birds*, a parody of an Orphic cosmogony, Eros is depicted as being born from a germless egg laid by Night (Nyx) in the infinite deeps of Erebus. He then mated with dark Chaos, giving birth to the human race.

Orphic traditions sometimes referred to the primordial Eros as 'Protogonos' and considered him the creator and first ruler of the universe.

Answer: True

In Orphic traditions, the primordial Eros was indeed called 'Protogonos,' meaning 'first-born,' and was revered as the creator of all beings and the universe's initial ruler.

Related Concepts:

  • What alternative names and roles did the primordial Eros hold in Orphic traditions?: In some Orphic versions, the primordial Eros was called 'Protogonos,' meaning 'first-born,' and was considered the creator of all other beings and the first ruler of the universe. He was also known as Phanes ('illuminated one'), Erikepaios ('power'), Metis ('thought'), and Dionysus.

Zeus became the creator and ruler of the universe in Orphic tradition by defeating Phanes (Eros) in battle.

Answer: False

In Orphic tradition, Zeus became the creator and ruler of the universe by swallowing Phanes (Eros), thereby absorbing his creative powers, rather than by defeating him in battle.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Zeus become the creator and ruler of the universe in the Orphic tradition involving Eros?: According to Orphic beliefs, Zeus swallowed Phanes (Eros), thereby absorbing his powers of creation. This act allowed Zeus to remake the world anew and become both the creator and ruler of the universe.
  • What alternative names and roles did the primordial Eros hold in Orphic traditions?: In some Orphic versions, the primordial Eros was called 'Protogonos,' meaning 'first-born,' and was considered the creator of all other beings and the first ruler of the universe. He was also known as Phanes ('illuminated one'), Erikepaios ('power'), Metis ('thought'), and Dionysus.

According to Hesiod's *Theogony*, what was Eros's position in the cosmic creation sequence?

Answer: He was the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia, and Tartarus.

In Hesiod's *Theogony*, Eros was the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia (Earth), and Tartarus, signifying his fundamental role in the cosmos.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Hesiod's *Theogony*, what was Eros's place in the creation of the cosmos?: In Hesiod's *Theogony*, one of the most ancient Greek sources, Eros (Love) was the fourth god to come into existence, following Chaos, Gaia (Earth), and Tartarus, indicating his fundamental role in the cosmos.

Which pre-Socratic philosopher considered Eros to be the first of all the gods to come into existence?

Answer: Parmenides

The pre-Socratic philosopher Parmenides considered Eros to be the first of all the gods to come into existence, emphasizing his primordial significance.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the pre-Socratic philosopher Parmenides describe Eros's origin?: Parmenides, a pre-Socratic philosopher, considered Eros to be the first of all the gods to come into existence, highlighting his primordial importance.

In Aristophanes' comedy *The Birds*, Eros is depicted as being born from what?

Answer: A germless egg laid by Night

Aristophanes' *The Birds* depicts Eros as being born from a germless egg laid by Night (Nyx) in the infinite deeps of Erebus.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros's birth described in Aristophanes' comedy *The Birds*?: In Aristophanes' *The Birds*, a parody of an Orphic cosmogony, Eros is depicted as being born from a germless egg laid by Night (Nyx) in the infinite deeps of Erebus. He then mated with dark Chaos, giving birth to the human race.

What was the meaning of the Orphic name 'Protogonos' for the primordial Eros?

Answer: 'First-born'

In Orphic traditions, the primordial Eros was called 'Protogonos,' which means 'first-born,' signifying his role as the creator and first ruler of the universe.

Related Concepts:

  • What alternative names and roles did the primordial Eros hold in Orphic traditions?: In some Orphic versions, the primordial Eros was called 'Protogonos,' meaning 'first-born,' and was considered the creator of all other beings and the first ruler of the universe. He was also known as Phanes ('illuminated one'), Erikepaios ('power'), Metis ('thought'), and Dionysus.

According to Orphic beliefs, how did Zeus absorb the powers of creation and become the universe's ruler?

Answer: By swallowing Phanes (Eros)

Orphic beliefs state that Zeus absorbed the powers of creation and became the universe's ruler by swallowing Phanes (Eros), thereby remaking the world.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Zeus become the creator and ruler of the universe in the Orphic tradition involving Eros?: According to Orphic beliefs, Zeus swallowed Phanes (Eros), thereby absorbing his powers of creation. This act allowed Zeus to remake the world anew and become both the creator and ruler of the universe.

Key Myths and Divine Interventions of Eros

The myth of Eros and Psyche is considered the most significant story unique to Eros, detailing his relationship with his wife.

Answer: True

The myth of Eros and Psyche is identified as the most significant story unique to Eros, detailing his love and eventual marriage to Psyche.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the most significant myth unique to Eros?: The most significant myth unique to Eros is the story of Eros and Psyche, which details how he met and fell in love with his wife.
  • What led to Eros leaving Psyche in their myth?: Psyche's jealous sisters visited her and caused her to betray the trust of her husband, Eros, leading to him leaving her, wounded both emotionally and physically.

The lyric poet Simonides identified Eros as the son of Zeus and Aphrodite.

Answer: False

The lyric poet Simonides identified Eros as the son of Aphrodite and Ares, not Zeus and Aphrodite.

Related Concepts:

  • Who did the lyric poet Simonides identify as Eros's parents in later myths?: The 6th-to-5th-century BC lyric poet Simonides considered Eros to be the son of Aphrodite and Ares in later mythological accounts.

In the *Argonautica*, Eros was asked to shoot an arrow at Medea to make her fall in love with Jason.

Answer: True

In the *Argonautica*, Hera suggested that Aphrodite persuade Eros to shoot Medea with an arrow, causing her to fall in love with Jason.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros assist Hera and Aphrodite in the *Argonautica*?: In the *Argonautica*, Hera addresses Athena, suggesting they ask Aphrodite to persuade Eros to shoot an arrow at Aeetes's daughter, Medea, to make her fall in love with Jason, thus acting as a catalyst for their romance.
  • What is the primary function of Eros's bow and arrows?: Eros uses his bow and arrows to cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, frequently acting under the direction of his mother, Aphrodite.

Ovid's *Metamorphoses* describes Venus falling in love with Adonis after Eros intentionally shot her with a golden arrow.

Answer: False

Ovid's *Metamorphoses* describes Venus falling in love with Adonis after an arrow from Eros's dangling quiver accidentally grazed her breast, not an intentional shot.

Related Concepts:

  • What effect did Eros's arrow have on Venus in Ovid's *Metamorphoses*?: In Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, when Eros was kissing Venus, an arrow from his dangling quiver accidentally grazed her breast. This wound, deeper than it initially seemed, caused her to become enraptured by the beauty of Adonis.

Apuleius's Latin novel, *The Golden Ass*, is the literary source for the myth of Eros and Psyche.

Answer: True

Apuleius's Latin novel, *The Golden Ass*, is the literary work that committed the long-standing folktale of Eros and Psyche to written form.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the literary source for the myth of Eros and Psyche?: The story of Eros and Psyche, which had a long tradition as a folktale, was committed to literature in Apuleius's Latin novel, *The Golden Ass*.
  • How was Cupid depicted in Apuleius's *The Golden Ass* compared to the later chubby child image?: In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid (Eros) is depicted as a young adult, rather than the fat, winged child figure known as a *putto amorino*.

In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid is depicted as a chubby, winged child figure, consistent with later Renaissance art.

Answer: False

In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid is depicted as a young adult, contrasting with the later chubby, winged child figure (putto amorino) seen in Renaissance art.

Related Concepts:

  • How was Cupid depicted in Apuleius's *The Golden Ass* compared to the later chubby child image?: In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid (Eros) is depicted as a young adult, rather than the fat, winged child figure known as a *putto amorino*.

Aphrodite was jealous of Psyche because Psyche had stolen one of her sacred doves.

Answer: False

Aphrodite was jealous of Psyche because men were neglecting Aphrodite's altars to worship Psyche's extraordinary beauty.

Related Concepts:

  • Why was Aphrodite initially jealous of Psyche?: Aphrodite was jealous of the mortal princess Psyche's beauty because men were neglecting her altars to worship Psyche instead.

Aphrodite commanded Eros to make Psyche fall in love with the ugliest creature on Earth. However, Eros himself fell in love with Psyche and spirited her away to his home.

Answer: True

Aphrodite instructed Eros to make Psyche fall in love with the most hideous creature, but Eros instead fell in love with Psyche himself and took her to his dwelling.

Related Concepts:

  • What command did Aphrodite give Eros regarding Psyche, and what was the outcome?: Aphrodite commanded her son Eros to make Psyche fall in love with the ugliest creature on Earth. However, Eros himself fell in love with Psyche and spirited her away to his home.

Eros left Psyche because she intentionally tried to discover his true identity against his wishes.

Answer: False

Eros left Psyche because her jealous sisters influenced her to betray his trust, leading to his departure.

Related Concepts:

  • What led to Eros leaving Psyche in their myth?: Psyche's jealous sisters visited her and caused her to betray the trust of her husband, Eros, leading to him leaving her, wounded both emotionally and physically.

Psyche regained Eros's favor by performing four difficult tasks imposed by Aphrodite, which she completed with supernatural help.

Answer: True

Psyche successfully completed four difficult tasks imposed by Aphrodite, with supernatural assistance, thereby regaining Eros's favor and ultimately achieving immortality.

Related Concepts:

  • What challenges did Psyche face to regain Eros's favor?: After Eros left, Psyche wandered the Earth searching for him and eventually approached Aphrodite's temple for help. Aphrodite imposed four difficult tasks on Psyche, which she successfully completed with supernatural assistance.
  • What was the ultimate resolution for Eros and Psyche, and who was their child?: After Psyche successfully completed her tasks and endured a near-death experience, Zeus transformed her into an immortal, allowing her to live among the gods with her husband Eros. Together, they had a daughter named Voluptas or Hedone, representing physical pleasure or bliss.

The child of Eros and Psyche was named Voluptas or Hedone, representing physical pleasure or bliss.

Answer: True

Eros and Psyche had a daughter named Voluptas or Hedone, whose name signifies physical pleasure or bliss.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the ultimate resolution for Eros and Psyche, and who was their child?: After Psyche successfully completed her tasks and endured a near-death experience, Zeus transformed her into an immortal, allowing her to live among the gods with her husband Eros. Together, they had a daughter named Voluptas or Hedone, representing physical pleasure or bliss.

The Greek word 'psyche' literally means 'love' or 'desire,' and Psyche was often portrayed with dove wings.

Answer: False

The Greek word 'psyche' literally means 'soul, spirit, breath, life, or animating force,' and Psyche was often portrayed with butterfly wings, not dove wings.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the Greek word 'psyche' literally mean, and how was Psyche often portrayed in ancient art?: The Greek word 'psyche' literally means 'soul, spirit, breath, life, or animating force.' In ancient mosaics, Psyche was often portrayed as a goddess with butterfly wings, reflecting the fact that 'psyche' was also the Ancient Greek word for 'butterfly.'

In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, Eros's blood, when poured upon Psyche, caused the first rose to sprout.

Answer: False

In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, it was Psyche's blood, when poured upon Eros, that caused the first rose and all other flowers and herbs to sprout on Earth.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros involved in the Gnostic narrative of *On the Origin of the World*?: In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, Eros is described as being scattered throughout all the creatures of Chaos during the universe's creation, existing between the midpoint of light and darkness, as well as among angels and people. Later, Psyche's blood, when poured upon him, caused the first rose and subsequently all flowers and herbs to sprout on Earth.

In the *Dionysiaca*, Eros caused Hymnus to fall in love with Nicaea, and later made Dionysus fall in love with Nicaea after she killed Hymnus.

Answer: True

In the *Dionysiaca*, Eros first made Hymnus fall in love with Nicaea, and after Nicaea killed Hymnus, Eros then caused Dionysus to fall in love with Nicaea.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe Eros's role in the myth of Hymnus and Nicaea from the *Dionysiaca*.: In the *Dionysiaca*, Eros caused the young shepherd Hymnus to fall in love with the Naiad Nicaea. When Nicaea rejected and killed Hymnus, Eros, disgusted by her actions, made Dionysus fall in love with Nicaea by striking him with a love arrow. Dionysus then intoxicated and raped Nicaea.

Eros made Dionysus fall in love with Aura as a direct command from Zeus, not Artemis.

Answer: False

Eros made Dionysus fall in love with Aura at the command of Nemesis, who was acting on Artemis's request for vengeance, not a direct command from Zeus.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros contribute to the myth of Dionysus and Aura?: When Artemis's nymph Aura boasted of her virginity being superior to Artemis's, an angered Artemis asked Nemesis for vengeance. Nemesis then ordered Eros to make Dionysus fall in love with Aura, leading to Dionysus intoxicating and raping her, mirroring the myth of Nicaea.

Artemis punished Rhodopis by transforming her into a fountain after Eros made her and Euthynicus fall in love.

Answer: True

After Eros caused Rhodopis and Euthynicus to fall in love, offending Artemis, Artemis punished Rhodopis by transforming her into a fountain.

Related Concepts:

  • What happened to Rhodopis after Eros made her fall in love with Euthynicus?: Eros, at Aphrodite's request, made the chaste hunting companions Rhodopis and Euthynicus fall in love. Artemis, offended by their rejection of love and marriage, punished Rhodopis by transforming her into a fountain.

The nymph Peristera was transformed into a dove by Aphrodite as a reward for helping her win a flower-gathering competition against Eros.

Answer: False

The nymph Peristera was transformed into a dove by Eros, not Aphrodite, as a punishment for helping Aphrodite win a flower-gathering competition against him.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the nymph Peristera become a dove in a myth involving Eros?: During a flower-gathering competition between Eros and Aphrodite, Peristera, a nymph, helped Aphrodite win by gathering flowers for her. In response, Eros, who was initially in the lead, transformed Peristera into a dove.

Porphyrius stated that Eros would only grow into an adult if his brother Anteros was constantly by his side.

Answer: True

Porphyrius recorded that Themis advised Aphrodite that Eros would only grow from a perpetual child if his brother Anteros was present, shrinking when Anteros was away.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Porphyrius, what was necessary for Eros to grow?: Porphyrius stated that Themis, the goddess of justice, advised Aphrodite to give Eros a brother because he remained a perpetual child. When Anteros (meaning 'counter-love') was born and was near him, Eros would grow, but he would shrink back to his smaller size if Anteros was away.

Eros took revenge on Apollo for mocking his bow by striking Apollo with a lead arrow and Daphne with a golden arrow.

Answer: False

Eros took revenge on Apollo by striking Apollo with a golden love arrow and Daphne with a lead arrow, causing Apollo to love Daphne and Daphne to detest Apollo.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros take revenge on Apollo for mocking him?: When Apollo mocked Eros for trying to bend his bow, boasting about his own slaying of Python, an angered Eros struck Apollo with a golden love arrow, making him fall madly in love with the virginal nymph Daphne. Simultaneously, he struck Daphne with a lead arrow, causing her to detest Apollo's advances, ultimately leading to her transformation into a tree.

Aphrodite commanded Eros to use his strongest arrow to make Hades fall in love with Persephone, extending love's domain to the Underworld.

Answer: True

Aphrodite indeed commanded Eros to use his most potent arrow to make Hades fall in love with Persephone, thereby extending the influence of love into the Underworld.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros's arrows play a role in Persephone's abduction by Hades?: In Ovid's tale, Aphrodite commanded Eros to use his strongest arrow to make Hades fall in love with his niece Persephone, initiating her abduction and extending the domain of love to the Underworld.

A common motif in ancient poetry depicted Eros being stung by bees, leading him to complain to Aphrodite about the pain.

Answer: True

Ancient poetry frequently featured the motif of Eros being stung by bees and subsequently complaining to his mother, Aphrodite, about the pain.

Related Concepts:

  • What common motif in ancient poetry involved Eros and bees?: A repetitive motif in ancient poetry depicted Eros being stung by bees. In these tales, Eros would complain to his mother Aphrodite about the pain, leading her to compare the bee's sting to the pain his own arrows inflicted.
  • How did Theocritus expand on the story of Eros and the bees in his *Idylls*?: In Theocritus's *Idylls* (Idyll XIX), he elaborated on the anecdote by having little Eros stung by bees while trying to steal honey. Eros then ran to his mother, crying about how such small creatures could cause such great pain, to which Aphrodite smiled and compared him to the bees, noting that he too was small but caused much greater pain.

Theocritus's *Idylls* describes Eros being stung by bees while trying to steal honey, prompting Aphrodite to compare him to the bees.

Answer: True

Theocritus's *Idylls* recounts Eros being stung by bees while attempting to steal honey, leading Aphrodite to compare his small size and painful effects to those of the bees.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Theocritus expand on the story of Eros and the bees in his *Idylls*?: In Theocritus's *Idylls* (Idyll XIX), he elaborated on the anecdote by having little Eros stung by bees while trying to steal honey. Eros then ran to his mother, crying about how such small creatures could cause such great pain, to which Aphrodite smiled and compared him to the bees, noting that he too was small but caused much greater pain.

Which myth is identified as the most significant and unique to Eros, detailing his love story with his wife?

Answer: The story of Eros and Psyche

The story of Eros and Psyche is identified as the most significant myth unique to Eros, detailing his love story and relationship with his wife.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the most significant myth unique to Eros?: The most significant myth unique to Eros is the story of Eros and Psyche, which details how he met and fell in love with his wife.

Who did the 6th-to-5th-century BC lyric poet Simonides identify as Eros's parents in later mythological accounts?

Answer: Aphrodite and Ares

The lyric poet Simonides identified Eros as the son of Aphrodite and Ares in later mythological accounts.

Related Concepts:

  • Who did the lyric poet Simonides identify as Eros's parents in later myths?: The 6th-to-5th-century BC lyric poet Simonides considered Eros to be the son of Aphrodite and Ares in later mythological accounts.

In the *Argonautica*, Hera suggested asking Aphrodite to persuade Eros to shoot an arrow at whom to make her fall in love with Jason?

Answer: Medea

In the *Argonautica*, Hera suggested that Aphrodite persuade Eros to shoot an arrow at Medea, causing her to fall in love with Jason.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros assist Hera and Aphrodite in the *Argonautica*?: In the *Argonautica*, Hera addresses Athena, suggesting they ask Aphrodite to persuade Eros to shoot an arrow at Aeetes's daughter, Medea, to make her fall in love with Jason, thus acting as a catalyst for their romance.
  • What is the primary function of Eros's bow and arrows?: Eros uses his bow and arrows to cause both mortals and immortal gods to fall in love, frequently acting under the direction of his mother, Aphrodite.

According to Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, what accidental event caused Venus to become enraptured by Adonis?

Answer: An arrow from Eros's dangling quiver accidentally grazed her breast.

Ovid's *Metamorphoses* recounts that Venus became enraptured by Adonis when an arrow from Eros's dangling quiver accidentally grazed her breast.

Related Concepts:

  • What effect did Eros's arrow have on Venus in Ovid's *Metamorphoses*?: In Ovid's *Metamorphoses*, when Eros was kissing Venus, an arrow from his dangling quiver accidentally grazed her breast. This wound, deeper than it initially seemed, caused her to become enraptured by the beauty of Adonis.

Which Latin novel by Apuleius committed the long-standing folktale of Eros and Psyche to literature?

Answer: *The Golden Ass*

Apuleius's Latin novel, *The Golden Ass*, is the literary source that committed the long-standing folktale of Eros and Psyche to written literature.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the literary source for the myth of Eros and Psyche?: The story of Eros and Psyche, which had a long tradition as a folktale, was committed to literature in Apuleius's Latin novel, *The Golden Ass*.

How was Cupid (Eros) depicted in Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, contrasting with the later *putto amorino* image?

Answer: As a young adult

In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid (Eros) is depicted as a young adult, which contrasts with the later *putto amorino* image of a chubby, winged child.

Related Concepts:

  • How was Cupid depicted in Apuleius's *The Golden Ass* compared to the later chubby child image?: In Apuleius's *The Golden Ass*, Cupid (Eros) is depicted as a young adult, rather than the fat, winged child figure known as a *putto amorino*.

Why was Aphrodite initially jealous of the mortal princess Psyche?

Answer: Men were neglecting Aphrodite's altars to worship Psyche's beauty.

Aphrodite was initially jealous of Psyche because men were neglecting her altars and worshiping Psyche's beauty instead.

Related Concepts:

  • Why was Aphrodite initially jealous of Psyche?: Aphrodite was jealous of the mortal princess Psyche's beauty because men were neglecting her altars to worship Psyche instead.

What command did Aphrodite give Eros regarding Psyche, and what was the unexpected outcome?

Answer: To make Psyche fall in love with the ugliest creature on Earth, but Eros himself fell in love with her.

Aphrodite commanded Eros to make Psyche fall in love with the most hideous creature, but Eros instead fell in love with Psyche himself and took her to his dwelling.

Related Concepts:

  • What command did Aphrodite give Eros regarding Psyche, and what was the outcome?: Aphrodite commanded her son Eros to make Psyche fall in love with the ugliest creature on Earth. However, Eros himself fell in love with Psyche and spirited her away to his home.

What action, influenced by Psyche's jealous sisters, led to Eros leaving her in their myth?

Answer: Psyche betrayed the trust of her husband, Eros.

Influenced by her jealous sisters, Psyche betrayed the trust of her husband, Eros, which led to his departure from her.

Related Concepts:

  • What led to Eros leaving Psyche in their myth?: Psyche's jealous sisters visited her and caused her to betray the trust of her husband, Eros, leading to him leaving her, wounded both emotionally and physically.

How did Psyche ultimately regain Eros's favor and achieve immortality among the gods?

Answer: By completing four difficult tasks imposed by Aphrodite with supernatural assistance.

Psyche regained Eros's favor and achieved immortality by successfully completing four difficult tasks imposed by Aphrodite, which she accomplished with supernatural assistance.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the ultimate resolution for Eros and Psyche, and who was their child?: After Psyche successfully completed her tasks and endured a near-death experience, Zeus transformed her into an immortal, allowing her to live among the gods with her husband Eros. Together, they had a daughter named Voluptas or Hedone, representing physical pleasure or bliss.
  • What challenges did Psyche face to regain Eros's favor?: After Eros left, Psyche wandered the Earth searching for him and eventually approached Aphrodite's temple for help. Aphrodite imposed four difficult tasks on Psyche, which she successfully completed with supernatural assistance.

What was the name of the daughter born to Eros and Psyche, representing physical pleasure or bliss?

Answer: Voluptas or Hedone

The daughter born to Eros and Psyche was named Voluptas or Hedone, symbolizing physical pleasure or bliss.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the ultimate resolution for Eros and Psyche, and who was their child?: After Psyche successfully completed her tasks and endured a near-death experience, Zeus transformed her into an immortal, allowing her to live among the gods with her husband Eros. Together, they had a daughter named Voluptas or Hedone, representing physical pleasure or bliss.

What does the Greek word 'psyche' literally mean, and how was Psyche often portrayed in ancient mosaics?

Answer: 'Soul, spirit,' portrayed with butterfly wings

The Greek word 'psyche' literally means 'soul, spirit, breath, life, or animating force,' and Psyche was often portrayed in ancient mosaics as a goddess with butterfly wings.

Related Concepts:

  • What does the Greek word 'psyche' literally mean, and how was Psyche often portrayed in ancient art?: The Greek word 'psyche' literally means 'soul, spirit, breath, life, or animating force.' In ancient mosaics, Psyche was often portrayed as a goddess with butterfly wings, reflecting the fact that 'psyche' was also the Ancient Greek word for 'butterfly.'

In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, what caused the first rose and all other flowers and herbs to sprout on Earth?

Answer: Psyche's blood, when poured upon Eros

In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, Psyche's blood, when poured upon Eros, caused the first rose and subsequently all other flowers and herbs to sprout on Earth.

Related Concepts:

  • How is Eros involved in the Gnostic narrative of *On the Origin of the World*?: In the Gnostic narrative *On the Origin of the World*, Eros is described as being scattered throughout all the creatures of Chaos during the universe's creation, existing between the midpoint of light and darkness, as well as among angels and people. Later, Psyche's blood, when poured upon him, caused the first rose and subsequently all flowers and herbs to sprout on Earth.

In the myth of Hymnus and Nicaea from the *Dionysiaca*, what did Eros do after Nicaea killed Hymnus?

Answer: He made Dionysus fall in love with Nicaea.

In the *Dionysiaca*, after Nicaea killed Hymnus, Eros, disgusted by her actions, made Dionysus fall in love with Nicaea by striking him with a love arrow.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe Eros's role in the myth of Hymnus and Nicaea from the *Dionysiaca*.: In the *Dionysiaca*, Eros caused the young shepherd Hymnus to fall in love with the Naiad Nicaea. When Nicaea rejected and killed Hymnus, Eros, disgusted by her actions, made Dionysus fall in love with Nicaea by striking him with a love arrow. Dionysus then intoxicated and raped Nicaea.

How did Eros contribute to the myth of Dionysus and Aura, following Artemis's anger?

Answer: He made Dionysus fall in love with Aura at Nemesis's command.

Following Artemis's anger, Nemesis ordered Eros to make Dionysus fall in love with Aura, thereby contributing to the myth of Dionysus and Aura.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros contribute to the myth of Dionysus and Aura?: When Artemis's nymph Aura boasted of her virginity being superior to Artemis's, an angered Artemis asked Nemesis for vengeance. Nemesis then ordered Eros to make Dionysus fall in love with Aura, leading to Dionysus intoxicating and raping her, mirroring the myth of Nicaea.

What was the fate of Rhodopis after Eros made her fall in love with Euthynicus, offending Artemis?

Answer: She was transformed into a fountain.

After Eros caused Rhodopis to fall in love with Euthynicus, offending Artemis, Rhodopis was punished by being transformed into a fountain.

Related Concepts:

  • What happened to Rhodopis after Eros made her fall in love with Euthynicus?: Eros, at Aphrodite's request, made the chaste hunting companions Rhodopis and Euthynicus fall in love. Artemis, offended by their rejection of love and marriage, punished Rhodopis by transforming her into a fountain.

Why did Eros transform the nymph Peristera into a dove?

Answer: She helped Aphrodite win a flower-gathering competition against him.

Eros transformed the nymph Peristera into a dove because she helped Aphrodite win a flower-gathering competition against him.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the nymph Peristera become a dove in a myth involving Eros?: During a flower-gathering competition between Eros and Aphrodite, Peristera, a nymph, helped Aphrodite win by gathering flowers for her. In response, Eros, who was initially in the lead, transformed Peristera into a dove.

According to Porphyrius, what condition was necessary for Eros to grow from a perpetual child?

Answer: His brother Anteros needed to be near him.

According to Porphyrius, Eros would only grow from a perpetual child if his brother Anteros was near him, shrinking back to his smaller size when Anteros was away.

Related Concepts:

  • According to Porphyrius, what was necessary for Eros to grow?: Porphyrius stated that Themis, the goddess of justice, advised Aphrodite to give Eros a brother because he remained a perpetual child. When Anteros (meaning 'counter-love') was born and was near him, Eros would grow, but he would shrink back to his smaller size if Anteros was away.

How did Eros take revenge on Apollo for mocking his bow?

Answer: He made Apollo fall in love with Daphne, who detested him.

Eros took revenge on Apollo for mocking his bow by striking Apollo with a golden love arrow, causing him to fall madly in love with Daphne, while striking Daphne with a lead arrow, making her detest Apollo.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros take revenge on Apollo for mocking him?: When Apollo mocked Eros for trying to bend his bow, boasting about his own slaying of Python, an angered Eros struck Apollo with a golden love arrow, making him fall madly in love with the virginal nymph Daphne. Simultaneously, he struck Daphne with a lead arrow, causing her to detest Apollo's advances, ultimately leading to her transformation into a tree.

In Ovid's tale, who commanded Eros to make Hades fall in love with Persephone, initiating her abduction?

Answer: Aphrodite

In Ovid's tale, Aphrodite commanded Eros to make Hades fall in love with Persephone, which initiated her abduction and extended love's domain to the Underworld.

Related Concepts:

  • How did Eros's arrows play a role in Persephone's abduction by Hades?: In Ovid's tale, Aphrodite commanded Eros to use his strongest arrow to make Hades fall in love with his niece Persephone, initiating her abduction and extending the domain of love to the Underworld.

What repetitive motif in ancient poetry involved Eros and bees?

Answer: Eros being stung by bees and complaining to Aphrodite

A common and repetitive motif in ancient poetry depicted Eros being stung by bees, leading him to complain to his mother Aphrodite about the pain.

Related Concepts:

  • What common motif in ancient poetry involved Eros and bees?: A repetitive motif in ancient poetry depicted Eros being stung by bees. In these tales, Eros would complain to his mother Aphrodite about the pain, leading her to compare the bee's sting to the pain his own arrows inflicted.

Cults, Worship, and Philosophical Interpretations

Eros's major cult center was in Athens, where a prominent fertility cult worshipped him.

Answer: False

Eros's major cult center was in Thespiae, where a fertility cult worshipped him, not Athens.

Related Concepts:

  • Where was Eros's major cult center in pre-classical Greece and late antiquity?: Eros's major cult center was in Thespiae, where a fertility cult worshipped him in late antiquity. In pre-classical Greece, a cult of Eros existed there, though it was less prominent than that of Aphrodite.

The Thespians celebrated festivals known as the Erotidia in honor of Eros.

Answer: True

The Thespians honored Eros by celebrating festivals specifically named the Erotidia.

Related Concepts:

  • What festivals were celebrated in honor of Eros by the Thespians?: The Thespians celebrated festivals known as the Erotidia, which translates to 'festivals of Eros,' in his honor.

The epithet *Pandemos* for Eros meant 'holder of the keys,' signifying his power over hearts.

Answer: False

The epithet *Pandemos* for Eros meant 'common to all the people,' while *Klêidouchos* meant 'holding/bearing the keys,' signifying his power over hearts.

Related Concepts:

  • What were two significant epithets given to Eros, and what did they mean?: Eros had the epithet *Klêidouchos*, meaning 'holding/bearing the keys,' because he was believed to hold the key to hearts. He also had the epithet *Pandemos*, meaning 'common to all the people.'

Zeno of Citium associated Eros with the god of war and conquest.

Answer: False

Zeno of Citium associated Eros with the god of friendship and liberty, not war and conquest.

Related Concepts:

  • What philosophical concept did Zeno of Citium associate with Eros?: According to Pontianus of Nicomedia in Athenaeus's *Deipnosophistae*, Zeno of Citium believed that Eros was the god of friendship and liberty.

The Samians instituted a festival called the *Eleutheria* in honor of Eros, signifying 'liberty.'

Answer: True

The Samians indeed instituted a festival called the *Eleutheria*, meaning 'liberty,' in honor of Eros, consecrating a gymnasium to him.

Related Concepts:

  • What festival was instituted in honor of Eros by the Samians, and what did it signify?: Erxias recorded that the Samians consecrated a gymnasium to Eros and instituted a festival in his honor called the *Eleutheria*, which means 'liberty.'

The Lacedaemonians and Cretans offered sacrifices to Eros before battle because they believed he would grant them individual strength.

Answer: False

The Lacedaemonians and Cretans offered sacrifices to Eros before battle because they believed safety and victory depended on the friendship and camaraderie among those fighting, not individual strength.

Related Concepts:

  • Why did the Lacedaemonians and Cretans offer sacrifices to Eros before battle?: The Lacedaemonians offered sacrifices to Eros before battle because they believed that safety and victory depended on the friendship and camaraderie of those fighting side by side. Similarly, the Cretans also offered sacrifices to Eros in their line of battle for similar reasons.

Where was Eros's major cult center in pre-classical Greece and late antiquity?

Answer: Thespiae

Eros's major cult center in both pre-classical Greece and late antiquity was Thespiae, where a fertility cult was dedicated to him.

Related Concepts:

  • Where was Eros's major cult center in pre-classical Greece and late antiquity?: Eros's major cult center was in Thespiae, where a fertility cult worshipped him in late antiquity. In pre-classical Greece, a cult of Eros existed there, though it was less prominent than that of Aphrodite.

In Athens, which specific day of every month was sacred to Eros, shared with Herakles, Hermes, and Aphrodite?

Answer: The fourth day

In Athens, the fourth day of every month was sacred to Eros, a day he shared in worship with Herakles, Hermes, and Aphrodite.

Related Concepts:

  • What special day was sacred to Eros in Athens?: In Athens, the fourth day of every month was sacred to Eros, a day he shared in worship with Herakles, Hermes, and Aphrodite.

What were the festivals celebrated in honor of Eros by the Thespians called?

Answer: Erotidia

The Thespians celebrated festivals known as the Erotidia, or 'festivals of Eros,' in his honor.

Related Concepts:

  • What festivals were celebrated in honor of Eros by the Thespians?: The Thespians celebrated festivals known as the Erotidia, which translates to 'festivals of Eros,' in his honor.

Which epithet of Eros meant 'common to all the people'?

Answer: *Pandemos*

The epithet *Pandemos* for Eros meant 'common to all the people,' distinguishing it from *Klêidouchos* ('holding the keys').

Related Concepts:

  • What were two significant epithets given to Eros, and what did they mean?: Eros had the epithet *Klêidouchos*, meaning 'holding/bearing the keys,' because he was believed to hold the key to hearts. He also had the epithet *Pandemos*, meaning 'common to all the people.'

According to Zeno of Citium, Eros was considered the god of what two concepts?

Answer: Friendship and liberty

According to Zeno of Citium, Eros was considered the god of friendship and liberty.

Related Concepts:

  • What philosophical concept did Zeno of Citium associate with Eros?: According to Pontianus of Nicomedia in Athenaeus's *Deipnosophistae*, Zeno of Citium believed that Eros was the god of friendship and liberty.

What festival, meaning 'liberty,' was instituted by the Samians in honor of Eros, consecrating a gymnasium to him?

Answer: Eleutheria

The Samians instituted a festival called the *Eleutheria*, meaning 'liberty,' in honor of Eros, to whom they also consecrated a gymnasium.

Related Concepts:

  • What festival was instituted in honor of Eros by the Samians, and what did it signify?: Erxias recorded that the Samians consecrated a gymnasium to Eros and instituted a festival in his honor called the *Eleutheria*, which means 'liberty.'

Why did the Lacedaemonians and Cretans offer sacrifices to Eros before battle?

Answer: Because they believed safety and victory depended on the friendship and camaraderie of those fighting side by side.

The Lacedaemonians and Cretans offered sacrifices to Eros before battle, believing that safety and victory were contingent upon the friendship and camaraderie among their combatants.

Related Concepts:

  • Why did the Lacedaemonians and Cretans offer sacrifices to Eros before battle?: The Lacedaemonians offered sacrifices to Eros before battle because they believed that safety and victory depended on the friendship and camaraderie of those fighting side by side. Similarly, the Cretans also offered sacrifices to Eros in their line of battle for similar reasons.

Iconography and Artistic Depictions

The *Eros Farnese* is a Roman bronze sculpture, believed to be an original work by Praxiteles.

Answer: False

The *Eros Farnese* is a Pompeiian marble sculpture, believed to be a Roman copy of a colossal Eros of Thespiae, originally created by Praxiteles, not an original bronze work.

Related Concepts:

  • What is depicted on the *Eros Farnese* marble sculpture?: The *Eros Farnese* is a Pompeiian marble sculpture that is believed to be a copy of the colossal Eros of Thespiae, originally created by the sculptor Praxiteles.

The 'Bobbin with Eros' is a piece of red-figure pottery from the 5th century BC, currently in the Louvre.

Answer: True

The 'Bobbin with Eros' is indeed a red-figure pottery piece from 470–450 BC, housed in the Louvre museum.

Related Concepts:

  • What material and period are represented by the 'Bobbin with Eros' artwork?: The 'Bobbin with Eros' is a piece of red-figure pottery from 470–450 BC, currently housed in the Louvre museum.

A red-figure pottery fragment depicting a groom and Eros is located in the British Museum.

Answer: False

A red-figure pottery fragment depicting a groom and Eros is located in the Acropolis Museum in Athens, not the British Museum.

Related Concepts:

  • Where can one find a red-figure pottery fragment depicting a groom and Eros?: A red-figure pottery fragment from 450–425 BC, depicting a groom and Eros, is located in the Acropolis Museum in Athens.

The National Archaeological Museum in Athens houses a red-figure hydria depicting Eros between Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr.

Answer: True

The National Archaeological Museum in Athens does indeed house a red-figure hydria from 375-350 B.C. depicting Eros with Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr.

Related Concepts:

  • What scene is depicted on the red-figure hydria in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens?: The National Archaeological Museum in Athens houses a red-figure hydria from 375-350 B.C. that depicts Eros positioned between Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, dating from the 3rd–2nd century BC.

Answer: True

The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, which dates from the 3rd–2nd century BC.

Related Concepts:

  • What notable bronze sculpture of Eros is held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art?: The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, dating from the 3rd–2nd century BC.

The Capitoline Museum features an original Greek sculpture by Lysippos titled *Eros Stringing his Bow*.

Answer: False

The Capitoline Museum features a 2nd-century AD Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos titled *Eros Stringing his Bow*, not an original Greek sculpture.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the subject of the Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos in the Capitoline Museum?: The Capitoline Museum in Rome features a 2nd-century AD Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos, titled *Eros Stringing his Bow*.

The *Eros Farnese* is a Pompeiian marble sculpture believed to be a copy of a colossal Eros of Thespiae, originally created by which famous sculptor?

Answer: Praxiteles

The *Eros Farnese* is a Pompeiian marble sculpture, believed to be a copy of the colossal Eros of Thespiae, originally created by the renowned sculptor Praxiteles.

Related Concepts:

  • What is depicted on the *Eros Farnese* marble sculpture?: The *Eros Farnese* is a Pompeiian marble sculpture that is believed to be a copy of the colossal Eros of Thespiae, originally created by the sculptor Praxiteles.

What material and period are represented by the 'Bobbin with Eros' artwork, housed in the Louvre museum?

Answer: Red-figure pottery, 470–450 BC

The 'Bobbin with Eros' is a piece of red-figure pottery dating from 470–450 BC, currently housed in the Louvre museum.

Related Concepts:

  • What material and period are represented by the 'Bobbin with Eros' artwork?: The 'Bobbin with Eros' is a piece of red-figure pottery from 470–450 BC, currently housed in the Louvre museum.

Where can one find a red-figure pottery fragment from 450–425 BC, depicting a groom and Eros?

Answer: Acropolis Museum in Athens

A red-figure pottery fragment from 450–425 BC, depicting a groom and Eros, is located in the Acropolis Museum in Athens.

Related Concepts:

  • Where can one find a red-figure pottery fragment depicting a groom and Eros?: A red-figure pottery fragment from 450–425 BC, depicting a groom and Eros, is located in the Acropolis Museum in Athens.

What scene is depicted on the red-figure hydria in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, dating from 375-350 B.C.?

Answer: Eros between Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr

The red-figure hydria in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, dating from 375-350 B.C., depicts Eros positioned between Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr.

Related Concepts:

  • What scene is depicted on the red-figure hydria in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens?: The National Archaeological Museum in Athens houses a red-figure hydria from 375-350 B.C. that depicts Eros positioned between Poseidon, Amymone, and a Satyr.

Which museum in New York City holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, dating from the 3rd–2nd century BC?

Answer: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, which dates from the 3rd–2nd century BC.

Related Concepts:

  • What notable bronze sculpture of Eros is held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art?: The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City holds a bronze statue of Eros sleeping, dating from the 3rd–2nd century BC.

The Capitoline Museum in Rome features a 2nd-century AD Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos, titled what?

Answer: *Eros Stringing his Bow*

The Capitoline Museum in Rome features a 2nd-century AD Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos, titled *Eros Stringing his Bow*.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the subject of the Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos in the Capitoline Museum?: The Capitoline Museum in Rome features a 2nd-century AD Roman marble copy of a Greek original by Lysippos, titled *Eros Stringing his Bow*.

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