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Estêvão Gomes, known in Spanish as Esteban Gómez, was a Portuguese explorer who primarily served Castile (Spain).
Answer: True
Estêvão Gomes was Portuguese by birth but primarily sailed in the service of Castile (Spain), not Portugal. While he had early experience with Portuguese voyages, his major expeditions were under Spanish patronage.
Estêvão Gomes was born in the southern Portuguese city of Lisbon around 1483.
Answer: False
Estêvão Gomes was born circa 1483 in Porto, a city in northern Portugal, not Lisbon.
Historical records indicate that Estêvão Gomes possessed African ancestry.
Answer: True
Sources indicate that Estêvão Gomes had African ancestry, a detail noted in historical records concerning his background.
Before joining Spanish expeditions, Estêvão Gomes gained early maritime experience sailing in the Portuguese India Armadas.
Answer: True
Prior to his service with Spanish expeditions, Estêvão Gomes acquired foundational maritime experience through voyages with the Portuguese India Armadas.
Around what year was Estêvão Gomes born, and in which city?
Answer: 1483, Porto
Estêvão Gomes was born circa 1483 in Porto, Portugal.
During Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, Estêvão Gomes served as the captain of the ship *San Antonio*.
Answer: False
During Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, Estêvão Gomes served as the *pilot major* aboard the *San Antonio*, not its captain.
Estêvão Gomes' primary ambition during the Magellan expedition was to discover new lands for Portugal.
Answer: False
Estêvão Gomes' primary ambition during the Magellan expedition was to secure a captaincy for himself, not to discover new lands for Portugal.
Estêvão Gomes initiated a mutiny during the Magellan expedition because he was promoted over a more experienced officer.
Answer: False
Estêvão Gomes initiated a mutiny because he was *passed over* for promotion to captain in favor of a less experienced officer, Alvaro de Mesquita, not because he was promoted over someone else.
Near the Strait of Magellan, Estêvão Gomes seized control of the *San Antonio* and returned to Spain, abandoning the main expedition.
Answer: True
Near the Strait of Magellan, Estêvão Gomes took command of the *San Antonio*, abandoned the main expedition, and returned to Spain.
Estêvão Gomes returned to Spain in May 1521, claiming Magellan's expedition had failed.
Answer: True
Estêvão Gomes returned to Spain in May 1521 aboard the *San Antonio*, asserting that Magellan's expedition had failed.
Upon returning to Spain, Gomes asserted that his mutiny was a response to Magellan's successful leadership.
Answer: False
Upon returning to Spain, Gomes claimed his mutiny was a response to Magellan's alleged *abusive and poor management*, not his successful leadership.
Following their return, Gomes and the other mutineers were immediately celebrated and released without investigation.
Answer: False
Upon their return to Spain, Gomes and the other mutineers were imprisoned pending an investigation, although most were later released.
What was Estêvão Gomes' primary role during Ferdinand Magellan's 1519 expedition?
Answer: Pilot Major aboard the *San Antonio*
Estêvão Gomes served as the pilot major aboard the *San Antonio*, one of the ships in Ferdinand Magellan's fleet, during the 1519 expedition.
What significant event occurred involving Estêvão Gomes near the Strait of Magellan?
Answer: He overpowered the captain and took control of the *San Antonio* to return to Spain.
Near the Strait of Magellan, Estêvão Gomes mutinied, overpowered the ship's captain, seized control of the *San Antonio*, and returned to Spain.
Why did Estêvão Gomes mutiny during the Magellan expedition?
Answer: He was passed over for promotion to captain in favor of Magellan's nephew, Alvaro de Mesquita.
Estêvão Gomes mutinied because he was passed over for promotion to captain in favor of Alvaro de Mesquita, Ferdinand Magellan's nephew, whom Gomes perceived as less experienced.
What was the stated justification Estêvão Gomes gave upon his return to Spain for his actions during the Magellan expedition?
Answer: He argued that Magellan's leadership was abusive and poorly managed.
Upon his return to Spain, Estêvão Gomes justified his mutiny by claiming that Ferdinand Magellan's leadership was abusive and poorly managed.
What was the initial consequence for Estêvão Gomes and the other mutineers when they returned to Spain in May 1521?
Answer: They were imprisoned pending an investigation.
Upon their return to Spain in May 1521, Estêvão Gomes and the other mutineers were initially imprisoned pending an investigation into their actions.
Which explorer's fleet did Estêvão Gomes join in 1519?
Answer: Ferdinand Magellan
In 1519, Estêvão Gomes joined the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan for his expedition.
What was the name of the ship Estêvão Gomes commanded during his mutiny in the Magellan expedition?
Answer: *San Antonio*
During his mutiny in the Magellan expedition, Estêvão Gomes took command of the ship *San Antonio*.
What was the primary purpose of the Magellan expedition that Estêvão Gomes joined?
Answer: To find a westward sea route to the Spice Islands.
The primary purpose of the Magellan expedition was to discover a westward sea route to the Spice Islands (Moluccas) by circumnavigating the globe.
In 1524, Gomes was authorized by the Spanish Crown to explore the coast of South America for a passage to Asia.
Answer: False
In 1524, Gomes was authorized by the Spanish Crown to explore the coast of *North America* for a passage to Asia, not South America.
A caravel named *La Victoria* was built for Gomes' 1524 North American expedition.
Answer: False
The caravel built for Gomes' 1524 North American expedition was named *La Annunciada*, not *La Victoria*.
*La Annunciada* set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on September 24, 1524, for Gomes' North American voyage.
Answer: False
*La Annunciada* set sail from *A Coruña, Spain*, on September 24, 1524, for Gomes' North American voyage, not Lisbon, Portugal.
Estêvão Gomes' North American expedition consisted of a crew of 50 men.
Answer: False
Estêvão Gomes' North American expedition aboard *La Annunciada* consisted of a crew of 29 men, not 50.
Our understanding of Gomes' 1524 expedition relies heavily on detailed eyewitness accounts from the crew.
Answer: False
Our understanding of Gomes' 1524 expedition is limited because no direct eyewitness accounts from the crew have survived; knowledge is derived from secondary sources and maps.
It is widely agreed among historians that Gomes sailed north to south along the North American coast.
Answer: False
While it was long assumed Gomes sailed north to south, recent scholarship suggests he may have sailed northward from the Caribbean. The direction of his voyage remains a subject of debate.
If Gomes sailed north, his likely first stop in North America would have been Labrador.
Answer: False
If Gomes sailed north from the Caribbean, his likely first stop would have been the southern coast of North America, such as Florida, or potentially Santiago de Cuba for supplies, not Labrador.
Gomes explored the Penobscot River and named it 'The River of the Deer'.
Answer: True
Estêvão Gomes explored the Penobscot River and named it 'El Rio de Las Gamas,' which translates to 'The River of the Deer'.
Gomes identified present-day Cape Cod and named it 'Cabo de San Antonio'.
Answer: False
Gomes identified present-day Cape Cod and named it 'Cabo de las Arenas,' not 'Cabo de San Antonio'.
During his North American exploration, Gomes abducted approximately 58 native individuals to bring back to Spain.
Answer: True
During his North American exploration, Estêvão Gomes abducted at least 58 native individuals from the Penobscot region and transported them back to Spain.
What was the primary objective of Estêvão Gomes' 1524 expedition authorized by the Spanish Crown?
Answer: To search for a faster sea route to Asia, bypassing the Strait of Magellan.
The primary objective of Estêvão Gomes' 1524 expedition was to discover a more direct and efficient sea route to Asia, seeking an alternative passage that bypassed the Strait of Magellan.
What type of vessel was *La Annunciada*, used in Gomes' 1524 expedition?
Answer: A 50-ton caravel
The *La Annunciada*, used in Gomes' 1524 expedition, was a 50-ton caravel, a type of ship known for its speed and maneuverability.
Where did the caravel *La Annunciada* set sail from for Gomes' North American voyage?
Answer: A Coruña, Spain
The caravel *La Annunciada* set sail from A Coruña, Spain, on September 24, 1524, for Gomes' North American voyage.
What is a significant challenge in understanding the exact route of Gomes' 1524 North American expedition?
Answer: No direct eyewitness accounts have survived.
A significant challenge in reconstructing Gomes' 1524 expedition is the absence of direct eyewitness accounts; our knowledge relies on secondary historical summaries and cartographic evidence.
What geographical feature, corresponding to present-day Cape Cod, did Gomes name?
Answer: Cabo de las Arenas
Estêvão Gomes named the geographical feature corresponding to present-day Cape Cod 'Cabo de las Arenas' (Cape of the Sands).
What controversial action did Gomes take regarding the native population in the Penobscot area?
Answer: He abducted at least 58 individuals to take back to Spain.
While exploring the Penobscot River area, Gomes controversially abducted at least 58 native individuals, intending to bring them back to Spain.
How did King Charles I react to the news that Gomes had abducted native people?
Answer: He ordered the captives to be freed, as his injunction against enslavement had been ignored.
King Charles I reacted negatively to the news of the abducted natives, ordering their release as it violated his injunction against enslaving indigenous peoples.
Upon Gomes' return, the Spanish court mistakenly believed he had discovered a new route to the Spice Islands because he brought back valuable spices.
Answer: False
Upon Gomes' return, the Spanish court mistakenly believed he had discovered a route to the Spice Islands due to a linguistic confusion between 'slaves' (*esclavos*) and 'cloves' (*clavos*), not because he brought back spices.
Gomes' expedition directly led to the creation of the first map accurately showing a continuous North American coastline from Florida to Nova Scotia.
Answer: True
Gomes' expedition provided crucial data that contributed to Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map, which was the first to accurately depict a continuous North American coastline from Florida to Nova Scotia.
On Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map, the region of New England was labeled 'Terra Nova'.
Answer: False
On Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map, the region of present-day New England was labeled 'Tierra de Esteban Gómez,' not 'Terra Nova'.
What misunderstanding occurred in the Spanish court upon Gomes' return regarding the captives?
Answer: They confused the word for 'cloves' (*clavos*) with 'slaves' (*esclavos*).
Upon Gomes' return, the Spanish court experienced a misunderstanding where the term for captives (*esclavos*) was confused with the term for cloves (*clavos*), leading to a false belief about discovering the Orient.
What was the cartographic impact of Estêvão Gomes' 1524 expedition?
Answer: It resulted in the first map accurately showing a continuous North American coastline.
Estêvão Gomes' 1524 expedition provided critical data that led to the creation of Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map, which was the first to accurately depict a continuous North American coastline.
How was the region of present-day New England labeled on Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map?
Answer: Tierra de Esteban Gómez
On Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 map, the region of present-day New England was labeled 'Tierra de Esteban Gómez' (Land of Esteban Gómez).
What historical map, influenced by Gomes' voyage, was the first to depict North America with a continuous coastline from Florida to Nova Scotia?
Answer: The Castiglione map (1525) by Diogo Ribeiro
Diogo Ribeiro's 1525 Castiglione map, influenced by Gomes' voyage, was the first to accurately depict a continuous North American coastline from Florida to Nova Scotia.
After returning from North America, Gomes supervised shipbuilding in Seville until 1528.
Answer: False
After returning from North America in 1525, Gomes supervised shipbuilding activities in *Corunna*, not Seville, until 1528.
In 1533, Gomes was commissioned to oversee the construction of a canal along the Guadalquivir River, a project that eventually succeeded.
Answer: False
In 1533, Gomes was commissioned to oversee the construction of a canal along the Guadalquivir River, but this project ultimately *collapsed* and did not succeed.
Estêvão Gomes joined Pedro de Mendoza's expedition to the Río de la Plata region in 1535.
Answer: True
In 1535, Estêvão Gomes joined Pedro de Mendoza's expedition destined for the Río de la Plata region in South America.
Estêvão Gomes died in 1538 after being killed by native inhabitants along the Paraguay River.
Answer: True
Estêvão Gomes died in 1538, killed by native inhabitants along the Paraguay River during the expedition to the Río de la Plata.
What did Estêvão Gomes do after returning from his North American exploration in 1525?
Answer: He supervised shipbuilding activities in Corunna.
After returning from his North American exploration in 1525, Estêvão Gomes supervised shipbuilding activities in Corunna until 1528.
In which region was Estêvão Gomes killed in 1538?
Answer: In the Río de la Plata region
Estêvão Gomes was killed in 1538 in the Río de la Plata region of South America.
What ultimately happened to Estêvão Gomes in 1538?
Answer: He was killed by native inhabitants along the Paraguay River.
Estêvão Gomes met his end in 1538 when he was killed by native inhabitants along the Paraguay River during the expedition to the Río de la Plata.
Estêvão Gomes moved to Castile in 1518 to serve as a pilot for the Portuguese Casa de Contratación.
Answer: False
Estêvão Gomes moved to Castile in 1518 to serve as a pilot for the *Spanish* Casa de Contratación, an institution managing Spain's overseas trade and navigation, not a Portuguese one.
What was the Casa de Contratación, where Gomes worked as a pilot?
Answer: An institution managing Spain's colonial trade and navigation.
The Casa de Contratación was a Spanish institution established in Seville responsible for managing Spain's colonial trade, navigation, and exploration.