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The term 'exurb' is a portmanteau derived from 'extra' (outside) and 'urban'.
Answer: True
The term 'exurb' is indeed a linguistic blend, combining 'extra' (signifying outside) with 'urban' to denote areas beyond the traditional urban sphere.
Exurbs are defined as agglomerations of housing and jobs located within the municipal boundaries of a primary city.
Answer: False
Exurbs are defined as agglomerations of housing and jobs located *outside* the municipal boundaries of a primary city and its immediate suburbs.
The term 'extraurban districts' can refer to areas outside urban zones that may have less developed economies.
Answer: True
The term 'extraurban districts' is used to describe areas beyond urban zones, which may indeed exhibit less developed economies or infrastructure compared to inner suburbs.
What is the fundamental definition of an exurb?
Answer: An area located beyond the suburbs, characterized by low housing density and connections to a metropolitan area.
The source identifies an exurb as an area situated beyond the denser suburban regions, at the periphery of a metropolitan area, characterized by low housing density and maintaining economic and commuting links to the central metropolitan area.
What does the etymology of 'exurb' suggest about its meaning?
Answer: It combines 'extra' (outside) and 'urban', indicating a location beyond the urban area.
The etymology of 'exurb' as a portmanteau of 'extra' (outside) and 'urban' directly implies a location situated beyond the established urban boundaries.
What does the term 'limited urban nature' imply about exurbs?
Answer: Their primary character is residential, with less intensity than a typical urban center.
'Limited urban nature' suggests that while exurbs possess connections to urban centers, their predominant characteristic is residential, with a lower intensity of urban activity compared to city cores.
What is the primary function of exurbs according to the definition provided?
Answer: Serving as residential areas connected to a metropolitan center
The primary function of exurbs is residential, characterized by people living in these areas while maintaining connections to the metropolitan center for work and other activities.
The phrase 'agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city' refers to:
Answer: Exurbs
This phrase accurately describes exurbs, which are clusters of residential and employment areas situated beyond the official limits of a primary city and its surrounding suburbs.
What does the source suggest about the economic development of some 'extraurban districts'?
Answer: They might have less developed economies compared to inner suburbs.
The term 'extraurban districts' implies areas outside traditional urban zones, some of which may possess less developed economies or transportation infrastructure compared to more central suburban areas.
What does the term 'agglomerations of housing and jobs' imply about exurbs?
Answer: They consist of clusters of both homes and places of work.
The phrase 'agglomerations of housing and jobs' implies that exurbs are not solely residential but also contain concentrations of employment opportunities, forming integrated communities.
An exurb is defined as an area located within the dense core of a metropolitan region.
Answer: False
The source identifies an exurb as an area situated outside the denser suburban regions, at the periphery of a metropolitan area, not within its dense core.
Exurban areas are primarily characterized by high population density and serve as industrial hubs.
Answer: False
Exurban areas are characterized by low population density and a predominantly residential function, rather than high density or industrial focus.
Exurbs maintain economic and commuting links to the central metropolitan area.
Answer: True
A defining characteristic of exurbs is their continued economic and commuting relationship with the central metropolitan area, distinguishing them from isolated rural settlements.
Exurbs represent a transitional zone between urban and rural landscapes.
Answer: True
Exurbs function as a spatial and functional interface, mediating the transition between more densely populated urban areas and purely rural environments.
Exurban areas typically consist solely of high-density apartment complexes.
Answer: False
Exurban areas are characterized by low housing density, often featuring single-family homes on large lots, rather than high-density apartment complexes.
In the U.S. Northeast megalopolis, exurban areas are characterized by newly built, high-density housing.
Answer: False
Exurban areas in older regions like the Northeast megalopolis often incorporate pre-existing towns and older housing stock, rather than exclusively new, high-density construction.
Exurbs are characterized by their dominant industrial function and minimal residential development.
Answer: False
Exurbs are primarily characterized by a dominant residential function, with significant connections to the urban center, not by industrial focus.
The population density in exurban areas is generally higher than in urban cores.
Answer: False
Exurban areas are characterized by low population density, which is significantly lower than that of urban cores.
Exurbs are defined by low housing density and a significant connection to the metropolitan area through commuting and economic ties.
Answer: True
These two factors—low housing density and strong metropolitan connections—are central to the definition and understanding of exurban areas.
Exurban areas are exclusively rural and have no functional or social interactions with urban centers.
Answer: False
Exurban areas maintain significant functional, economic, and social interactions with urban centers, distinguishing them from purely rural areas.
The primary function of exurbs is to serve as centers for heavy industry and manufacturing.
Answer: False
Exurbs primarily serve a residential function, acting as commuter towns connected to a metropolitan center, rather than as centers for heavy industry.
Which characteristic is NOT typical of exurban areas?
Answer: Dominance of industrial and commercial centers
Exurban areas are typically characterized by low housing density, significant commuting ties, and high population growth, but they are not dominated by industrial and commercial centers.
How does an exurb differ from an immediate suburb?
Answer: Exurbs typically have lower housing density and higher population growth than immediate suburbs.
Exurbs are distinguished from immediate suburbs by their lower housing density and often higher rates of population growth, while still maintaining connections to the metropolitan area.
What type of landscape do exurbs help to shape?
Answer: An interface between urban and rural landscapes
Exurbs contribute to shaping landscapes that serve as a transition zone, blending elements of both urban and rural environments.
What is a common characteristic of development found in exurban areas?
Answer: A mix of rural elements like farms and suburban-style housing on large lots.
Exurban development often features a blend of rural characteristics, such as open spaces and farms, alongside suburban-style housing situated on substantial lots.
How do exurban areas in older regions like the U.S. Northeast megalopolis often differ from newer ones?
Answer: They often incorporate pre-existing towns, villages, and older homes.
In established regions like the U.S. Northeast megalopolis, exurban areas frequently integrate existing towns and villages, alongside older housing, reflecting a different development trajectory than newer exurbs.
Which of the following best describes the housing density in exurbs compared to suburbs?
Answer: Exurbs have lower housing density.
A key distinguishing feature of exurbs compared to immediate suburbs is their lower housing density, indicating more dispersed settlement patterns.
In Xiamen, China, exurban areas were defined as zones with a population density exceeding 51 persons per hectare.
Answer: False
In Xiamen, exurban areas were defined by a population density of *less than* 8 persons per hectare, contrasting with the urban core's density of over 51 persons per hectare.
The Brookings Institution's 2006 report defined exurbs as areas denser than the suburbs they surround.
Answer: False
The Brookings Institution's report defined exurbs as areas characterized by lower housing density than the suburbs they are adjacent to.
According to the Brookings Institution's criteria, an exurban census tract must exhibit population growth lower than the metropolitan average.
Answer: False
The Brookings Institution's criteria for exurban census tracts include exhibiting population growth *exceeding* the metropolitan average.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory's LandScan data is mentioned as an alternative source for identifying exurban areas.
Answer: True
LandScan data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory is cited as one of the alternative data sources used for identifying and analyzing exurban areas.
The Brookings Institution defined 'exurban counties' as those where less than 10% of residents lived in exurban census tracts.
Answer: False
The Brookings Institution defined exurban counties as those where at least 20% of residents lived in exurban census tracts.
Canadian definitions of exurbs specify a gross population density of less than 150 people per square kilometer.
Answer: True
According to cited definitions from OECD and Statistics Canada, exurbs are characterized by a gross population density below 150 people per square kilometer.
The Canadian definition of exurbs requires that less than 25% of workers commute into the metropolitan area.
Answer: False
The Canadian definition of exurbs requires that *more than* 50% of workers commute into the metropolitan area, indicating strong connectivity.
The Brookings Institution report indicated that exurban communities were among the slowest-growing areas.
Answer: False
The Brookings Institution's 'Finding Exurbia' report highlighted that exurban communities are among the fastest-growing areas at the metropolitan fringe.
A minimum of 2.6 acres per resident in 2000 was used to define low housing density for exurban census tracts in the US.
Answer: True
The Brookings Institution's methodology for defining exurban census tracts included a criterion of low housing density, specified as a minimum of 2.6 acres per resident in the year 2000.
GIS (Geographic Information System) is mentioned as a primary data source for defining urban cores, not exurbs.
Answer: False
GIS is mentioned as an alternative data source for identifying exurban areas, alongside LandScan data, not exclusively for urban cores.
The Canadian definition of exurbs requires that less than 50% of workers commute into the metropolitan area.
Answer: False
The Canadian definition specifies that *more than* 50% of workers must commute into the metropolitan area for an area to be classified as exurban.
Exurbs are defined by a minimum population density of 8 persons per hectare, as seen in the Xiamen example.
Answer: False
In the Xiamen example, exurban areas were defined by a population density of *less than* 8 persons per hectare, while suburban areas exceeded this threshold.
According to the Brookings Institution's criteria for defining an exurban census tract, which condition must be met?
Answer: The tract must have an economic connection to a large metropolis.
One of the three key criteria established by the Brookings Institution for defining an exurban census tract is the presence of an economic connection to a large metropolis.
What is the population density definition for exurbs in Xiamen, China, as mentioned in the text?
Answer: Less than 8 persons per hectare
In the context of Xiamen, China, exurban areas were defined by a population density of less than 8 persons per hectare.
What does the Brookings Institution's 2006 report 'Finding Exurbia' suggest about the growth of these areas?
Answer: Exurbs are among the fastest-growing areas at the metropolitan fringe.
The Brookings Institution's 2006 report indicated that exurban communities represent some of the most rapidly expanding areas on the metropolitan fringe.
What percentage of residents living in exurban census tracts defines an 'exurban county' according to the Brookings Institution?
Answer: At least 20%
The Brookings Institution defined an 'exurban county' as one where a minimum of 20% of its residents resided within exurban census tracts.
Which definition relates to exurbs based on Canadian standards?
Answer: Population density less than 150 people/km² and over 50% commuting into the metro area.
Canadian definitions of exurbs typically involve a population density below 150 people per square kilometer coupled with a significant commuting rate (over 50%) into the metropolitan area.
Which data source is mentioned as an alternative to census tracts for identifying exurban areas?
Answer: Oak Ridge National Laboratory's LandScan data
Oak Ridge National Laboratory's LandScan data is cited as an alternative data source for the identification and study of exurban dispersion, alongside GIS technologies.
Which of the following is a key criterion used by the Brookings Institution to define an exurban census tract?
Answer: Population growth exceeding the average for its central metropolitan area.
One of the three criteria for defining an exurban census tract, according to the Brookings Institution, is that the tract must exhibit population growth exceeding the average for its central metropolitan area.
How does the population density definition for exurbs in Xiamen compare to suburbs?
Answer: Suburbs are denser than exurbs (e.g., >8 persons/ha vs <8 persons/ha).
In the Xiamen definition, suburbs are characterized by a density greater than 8 persons per hectare, while exurbs have a density less than 8 persons per hectare, indicating suburbs are denser.
The term 'exurb' was coined by Auguste Comte Spectorsky in his 1955 book, *The Exurbanites*.
Answer: True
Auguste Comte Spectorsky introduced the term 'exurb' in his 1955 publication, *The Exurbanites*, to describe a specific type of community development.
Spectorsky's original concept of 'exurb' included prosperous communities located *inside* the suburbs.
Answer: False
Spectorsky's concept of 'exurb' referred to communities located *beyond* the suburbs, not within them.
The definition of 'exurb' has remained unchanged since Auguste Comte Spectorsky first used the term.
Answer: False
The definition and application of the term 'exurb' have evolved and expanded since Spectorsky's initial conceptualization in 1955.
Who coined the term 'exurb' and in what year?
Answer: Auguste Comte Spectorsky in 1955
Auguste Comte Spectorsky is credited with coining the term 'exurb' in his 1955 book, *The Exurbanites*.
How has the concept of 'exurb' evolved beyond Spectorsky's initial definition?
Answer: It now includes areas with less developed economies or transportation links, not just prosperous commuter towns.
The contemporary understanding of 'exurb' has broadened beyond Spectorsky's original focus on prosperous commuter towns to encompass a wider range of extraurban areas, including those with less developed economies or transportation infrastructure.
Rublyovka, near Moscow, is cited as an example of an exurban area in Russia.
Answer: True
The affluent area of Rublyovka, situated near Moscow, is presented as a notable example of an exurban development within Russia.
The Changping District and Shunyi District in Beijing are examples of exurban areas in China.
Answer: True
The Changping District and Shunyi District of Beijing are identified as specific examples of exurban areas within China.
Shenjia village in Loudi city is presented as an example of an urban core area in China.
Answer: False
Shenjia village in Loudi city is presented as an example of a rural exurb, not an urban core area.
The second image illustrates exurban development transitioning into suburban development in Loudoun County, Virginia.
Answer: True
The second image provides a visual representation of the transition from exurban to suburban development patterns, specifically located in Loudoun County, Virginia.
Which of the following is mentioned as an example of an exurban area in China?
Answer: Changping District, Beijing
The Changping District and Shunyi District in Beijing are cited as examples of exurban areas within China.
Which of the following is cited as an example of an exurban area in Russia?
Answer: Rublyovka
Rublyovka, an affluent area near Moscow, is identified as an example of an exurban region in Russia.
The first image depicts exurban-style density in which metropolitan area?
Answer: Philadelphia metropolitan area
The first image, illustrating exurban-style density, is located within the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
The second image, showing a transition from exurban to suburban development, is located in which U.S. county and metropolitan area?
Answer: Loudoun County, Virginia (Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area)
The second image, illustrating the transition from exurban to suburban development, is situated in Loudoun County, Virginia, part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
Ecological issues are not associated with the development patterns found in exurbs.
Answer: False
The text explicitly notes that the mixed urban and rural environments characteristic of exurbs can lead to ecological issues.
The term 'rural-urban fringe' is increasingly used synonymously with 'exurbia'.
Answer: True
The concept of 'exurbia' is often associated with and increasingly referred to as the 'rural-urban fringe,' denoting the zone of transition.
The concept of 'white flight' is listed as unrelated to the development of suburbs and exurbs.
Answer: False
The concept of 'white flight' is listed as a related factor that historically contributed to population movements shaping suburbs and exurbs.
What potential issues can arise from the mixed urban and rural nature of exurbs?
Answer: Ecological issues
The blending of urban and rural characteristics within exurban development can lead to various ecological challenges.
What does the term 'rural-urban fringe' signify in relation to exurbs?
Answer: The zone where urban development meets rural landscapes, often encompassing exurbs.
The 'rural-urban fringe' denotes the transitional area where urban development extends into rural landscapes, a zone commonly associated with and often encompassing exurban settlements.
What is the relationship between exurbs and the concept of 'bedroom towns'?
Answer: Exurbs can function as commuter towns, similar to 'bedroom towns'.
Exurbs often function as commuter towns, where residents live in the exurban area but travel to the central metropolitan area for employment, aligning with the concept of 'bedroom towns'.
What does the inclusion of 'white flight' in the related concepts suggest?
Answer: It historically contributed to the outward expansion of populations into suburbs and exurbs.
The historical phenomenon of 'white flight,' involving the migration of white populations from urban areas, is considered a contributing factor to the outward expansion that fueled the development of both suburbs and exurbs.
What is the significance of the 'metropolitan fringe' in discussions about exurbs?
Answer: It is the zone where urban development transitions into less developed areas, where exurbs are typically located.
The 'metropolitan fringe' signifies the outermost boundary of a metropolitan region, characterized by the transition from urban development to less developed or rural landscapes, which is where exurbs are commonly situated.