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The #FeesMustFall Movement: Origins, Events, and Legacy

At a Glance

Title: The #FeesMustFall Movement: Origins, Events, and Legacy

Total Categories: 7

Category Stats

  • Origins and Initial Protests (2015): 4 flashcards, 9 questions
  • Escalation and National Impact: 7 flashcards, 7 questions
  • Government and University Responses: 13 flashcards, 20 questions
  • Underlying Issues and Demands: 6 flashcards, 9 questions
  • Violence, Damage, and Controversies: 11 flashcards, 14 questions
  • Incidents and Controversies: 2 flashcards, 4 questions
  • Outcomes and Legacy: 9 flashcards, 17 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 52
  • True/False Questions: 49
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 31
  • Total Questions: 80

Instructions

Click the button to expand the instructions for how to use the Wiki2Web Teacher studio in order to print, edit, and export data about The #FeesMustFall Movement: Origins, Events, and Legacy

Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
  • Import & Edit Existing Kit: Load a .json kit file from your computer to continue your work or to modify a kit created by a colleague.
  • Restore Session: The Studio automatically saves your progress in your browser. If you get interrupted, you can restore your unsaved work with one click.

Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
  • Fill in the term/question and the definition/answer.
  • Assign the flashcard to one of your pre-defined topics.
  • To edit or remove a flashcard, simply use the ✏️ (Edit) or ❌ (Delete) icons next to any entry in the list.

✍️ Question Author: Assessing Understanding

Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
  • To edit an existing question, click the ✏️ icon. You can change the question text, options, correct answer, and explanation at any time.
  • The Explanation field is a powerful tool: the text you enter here will automatically appear on the teacher's answer key and on the Smart Study Guide, providing instant feedback.

🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

📝 Worksheet & 📄 Exam Builder

Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

  • A Student Version, clean and ready for quizzing.
  • A Teacher Version, complete with a detailed answer key and the explanations you wrote.

🖨️ Flashcard Printer

Forget wrestling with table layouts in a word processor. Select a topic, choose a cards-per-page layout, and instantly generate perfectly formatted, print-ready flashcard sheets.

Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

  • 💾 Export & Save Kit: This is your primary save function. It downloads the entire Kit (content, images, and all) to your computer as a single .json file. Use this to create permanent backups and share your work with others.
  • ➕ Import & Merge Kit: Combine your work. You can merge a colleague's Kit into your own or combine two of your lessons into a larger review Kit.

You're now ready to reclaim your time.

You're not just a teacher; you're a curriculum designer, and this is your Studio.

This page is an interactive visualization based on the Wikipedia article "FeesMustFall" (opens in new tab) and its cited references.

Text content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (opens in new tab). Additional terms may apply.

Disclaimer: This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute any kind of advice. The information is not a substitute for consulting official sources or records or seeking advice from qualified professionals.


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Study Guide: The #FeesMustFall Movement: Origins, Events, and Legacy

Study Guide: The #FeesMustFall Movement: Origins, Events, and Legacy

Origins and Initial Protests (2015)

The #FeesMustFall protests began in 2014.

Answer: False

The movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015, not in 2014.

Related Concepts:

  • When did the #FeesMustFall movement officially take place?: The #FeesMustFall movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015 and continued through October 2016, experiencing a significant revival in mid-August 2016.

Protests under the #FeesMustFall banner initially started at the University of Cape Town.

Answer: False

The #FeesMustFall protests initially began at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015, subsequently spreading to other institutions.

Related Concepts:

  • Where did the #FeesMustFall protests initially start, and how did they spread?: The #FeesMustFall protests originated at the University of the Witwatersrand and subsequently spread rapidly to other universities across South Africa, including the University of Cape Town and Rhodes University.

The immediate trigger for the 2015 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand was a proposed 10.5% increase in student fees.

Answer: True

The University of the Witwatersrand's announcement of a 10.5% fee increase for the subsequent academic year served as the direct catalyst for the 2015 protests.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the immediate cause of the protests that started at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?: The immediate catalyst for the 2015 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand was the institution's announcement of a proposed 10.5% increase in student fees for the subsequent academic year.

The University of the Witwatersrand initially proposed a fee increase of 6.5%.

Answer: False

The University of the Witwatersrand initially proposed a fee increase of 10.5%.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the initial fee increase proposed by the University of the Witwatersrand that sparked the protests?: The University of the Witwatersrand initially proposed a 10.5% increase in student fees, which served as the direct trigger for the widespread protests that began in October 2015.

The #FeesMustFall movement began in October 2015.

Answer: True

The movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015.

Related Concepts:

  • When did the #FeesMustFall movement officially take place?: The #FeesMustFall movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015 and continued through October 2016, experiencing a significant revival in mid-August 2016.

The protests were triggered by an announcement of a 10.5% fee increase at the University of the Witwatersrand.

Answer: True

The University of the Witwatersrand's announcement of a 10.5% fee increase served as the direct trigger for the 2015 protests.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the immediate cause of the protests that started at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?: The immediate catalyst for the 2015 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand was the institution's announcement of a proposed 10.5% increase in student fees for the subsequent academic year.

In which month and year did the #FeesMustFall movement officially begin?

Answer: October 2015

The movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015.

Related Concepts:

  • When did the #FeesMustFall movement officially take place?: The #FeesMustFall movement officially commenced in mid-October 2015 and continued through October 2016, experiencing a significant revival in mid-August 2016.

Which university was the initial site of the #FeesMustFall protests in October 2015?

Answer: University of the Witwatersrand

The protests that ignited the national #FeesMustFall movement in October 2015 commenced at the University of the Witwatersrand.

Related Concepts:

  • Where did the #FeesMustFall protests initially start, and how did they spread?: The #FeesMustFall protests originated at the University of the Witwatersrand and subsequently spread rapidly to other universities across South Africa, including the University of Cape Town and Rhodes University.

What specific event triggered the protests at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?

Answer: The announcement of a 10.5% increase in student fees for the upcoming year.

The immediate catalyst for the 2015 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand was the institution's proposal of a 10.5% increase in student fees.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the immediate cause of the protests that started at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?: The immediate catalyst for the 2015 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand was the institution's announcement of a proposed 10.5% increase in student fees for the subsequent academic year.

Escalation and National Impact

Students at the University of Cape Town blocked campus access using rocks and dustbins after the university obtained a court interdict in October 2015.

Answer: True

Following the university obtaining a court interdict on October 19, 2015, students at the University of Cape Town blocked vehicle access to the campus using rocks and dustbins.

Related Concepts:

  • What action did students at the University of Cape Town take on October 19, 2015, after the university obtained a court interdict?: On October 19, 2015, after the University of Cape Town secured a court interdict, students responded by blocking vehicle access to the campus. They utilized materials such as rocks and dustbins to obstruct roads, and members of the #RhodesMustFall movement occupied the university's administration building.

Students at the University of Pretoria planned to lock down three campuses in October 2015.

Answer: True

Students at the University of Pretoria reportedly planned to lock down three of the university's campuses in October 2015.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific action did students at the University of Pretoria reportedly initiate plans for on October 21, 2015?: On October 21, 2015, students at the University of Pretoria reportedly planned to implement campus-wide lockdowns across three of the university's campuses.

Following Minister Nzimande's announcement on September 19, 2016, students at the University of the Witwatersrand peacefully dispersed.

Answer: False

Following the announcement, students at the University of the Witwatersrand mobilized to shut down their campus and blockaded entrances, leading to confrontations.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the immediate response from students at the University of the Witwatersrand following Minister Nzimande's announcement on September 19, 2016?: Following Minister Nzimande's announcement on September 19, 2016, students at the University of the Witwatersrand mobilized to shut down their campus and blockaded entrances, leading to confrontations with police.

During the October 19, 2015 incident at the University of Cape Town, riot police arrested over 25 students while evicting them from the administration building.

Answer: True

On October 19, 2015, riot police at the University of Cape Town evicted protesters from the administration building, arresting over 25 students.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific incident occurred at the University of Cape Town on October 19, 2015, involving riot police?: On October 19, 2015, riot police were deployed at the University of Cape Town to forcibly evict protesters from the administration building. This operation resulted in the arrest of over 25 students late in the evening.

The #FeesMustFall movement in London aimed to show solidarity with students protesting in South Africa.

Answer: True

A demonstration in London aimed to express solidarity with the students protesting fee increases in South Africa.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stated goal of the #FeesMustFall movement in London on October 23, 2015?: A demonstration in London on October 23, 2015, involving approximately 200 students, aimed to show support for the students protesting fee increases in South Africa.

The #FeesMustFall movement was largely confined to the University of the Witwatersrand.

Answer: False

The movement spread rapidly from the University of the Witwatersrand to numerous other universities across South Africa.

Related Concepts:

  • Where did the #FeesMustFall protests initially start, and how did they spread?: The #FeesMustFall protests originated at the University of the Witwatersrand and subsequently spread rapidly to other universities across South Africa, including the University of Cape Town and Rhodes University.

What action did students at the University of Cape Town take on October 19, 2015, after the university obtained a court interdict?

Answer: They blocked vehicle access to campus using rocks and dustbins.

Following the university obtaining a court interdict on October 19, 2015, students at the University of Cape Town blocked vehicle access to the campus using rocks and dustbins.

Related Concepts:

  • What action did students at the University of Cape Town take on October 19, 2015, after the university obtained a court interdict?: On October 19, 2015, after the University of Cape Town secured a court interdict, students responded by blocking vehicle access to the campus. They utilized materials such as rocks and dustbins to obstruct roads, and members of the #RhodesMustFall movement occupied the university's administration building.

Government and University Responses

The University of the Witwatersrand cited the strengthening rand and decreased costs of imported resources as a key reason for the proposed fee increase.

Answer: False

The university cited the depreciation of the rand and increased costs of imported resources, not the opposite, as reasons for the proposed fee increase.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the four main reasons cited by the University of the Witwatersrand's CFO for the proposed fee increase?: The University of the Witwatersrand's Chief Financial Officer cited four primary reasons for the proposed fee increase: 1) The depreciation of the South African rand against major currencies, escalating costs for imported resources such as library books and research equipment; 2) A necessary 7% salary increment for academic staff to ensure retention of talent; 3) General inflation approximating 6%; and 4) Significantly higher increases in utility costs compared to general inflation.

Following the initial protests in October 2015, the University of the Witwatersrand immediately agreed to a permanent 0% fee increase.

Answer: False

The University of the Witwatersrand agreed to suspend and renegotiate the fee increase and forgo disciplinary actions, not to a permanent 0% increase.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the initial outcome of the protests at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?: Following a three-day student-led lockdown, the University of the Witwatersrand agreed to suspend the proposed fee increase, enter into renegotiations regarding fees, and refrain from pursuing disciplinary actions against participating students and staff.

The #FeesMustFall movement saw a revival in 2016 after the government announced a complete freeze on all university fees for the next academic year.

Answer: False

The movement revived in 2016 due to the Minister of Higher Education announcing potential fee increases capped at 8%, not a complete freeze.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the #FeesMustFall movement evolve in 2016?: The #FeesMustFall movement experienced a resurgence in August 2016, primarily triggered by the Minister of Higher Education's announcement of potential fee increases for 2017, which would be capped at 8% but allowed individual institutions to determine the precise percentage.

President Jacob Zuma's announcement of no tuition fee increases for 2016 was widely considered a setback for the movement.

Answer: False

President Zuma's announcement of no tuition fee increases for 2016 was widely considered a significant victory for the movement.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the South African government's response to the protests in October 2015?: In response to the widespread protests in October 2015, President Jacob Zuma announced a moratorium on tuition fee increases for the 2016 academic year, which was widely regarded as a significant concession by the movement.

The Fees Commission recommended a 0% increase in university fees for 2017, deeming it sustainable.

Answer: False

The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase, deeming a 0% increase unsustainable.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the outcome of the Fees Commission established following the protests?: The Fees Commission, established in the wake of the protests, commenced hearings in August 2016. Concurrently, the Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-adjusted increase for university fees in 2017, deeming a 0% increase financially unsustainable.

President Zuma addressed the protesters directly outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015, before announcing the fee freeze.

Answer: False

President Zuma announced the fee freeze from within the Union Buildings and did not address the protesters directly outside.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the reported reaction of President Jacob Zuma when protesters gathered outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015?: When protesters gathered outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015, President Jacob Zuma, speaking from within the buildings, announced a freeze on university fee increases for 2016. He did not, however, address the crowd directly.

Minister Blade Nzimande announced that university fee increases for 2017 would be capped at 8% and excluded students from families earning below R600,000 annually from financial aid.

Answer: False

Minister Nzimande announced fee increases would be capped at 8% but stated the government was working on financial assistance for students from families earning below R600,000 annually, not excluding them.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the South African government's stance on fee increases for 2017, as announced by Minister Blade Nzimande?: Minister Blade Nzimande announced that while university fee increases for 2017 would be permitted, they would be capped at 8%. Furthermore, the government indicated plans to provide financial assistance to students from families earning below R600,000 annually.

The 2015 #FeesMustFall protests concluded after the government announced a 5% increase in tuition fees for 2016.

Answer: False

The 2015 protests concluded when the government announced no tuition fee increases for 2016.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the outcome of the 2015 protest, leading to the end of that year's demonstrations?: The 2015 #FeesMustFall protests concluded when the South African government announced a freeze on tuition fee increases for the 2016 academic year.

The Council on Higher Education recommended a 0% fee increase for South African universities in 2017, citing sustainability concerns.

Answer: False

The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase, deeming a 0% increase unsustainable.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the Council on Higher Education recommend regarding university fee increases for 2017?: The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase for university fees in 2017, asserting that a 0% increase would be financially unsustainable for South African universities.

President Jacob Zuma directly engaged with the protesting students outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015.

Answer: False

President Zuma announced the fee freeze from within the Union Buildings and did not directly engage with the protesters gathered outside.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the reported reaction of President Jacob Zuma when protesters gathered outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015?: When protesters gathered outside the Union Buildings on October 23, 2015, President Jacob Zuma, speaking from within the buildings, announced a freeze on university fee increases for 2016. He did not, however, address the crowd directly.

The 2015 protests concluded with the government agreeing to a 5% tuition fee increase for 2016.

Answer: False

The 2015 protests concluded with the government announcing no tuition fee increases for 2016.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the outcome of the 2015 protest, leading to the end of that year's demonstrations?: The 2015 #FeesMustFall protests concluded when the South African government announced a freeze on tuition fee increases for the 2016 academic year.

The depreciation of the South African rand was cited as a reason for increased costs related to imported resources like library books.

Answer: True

The depreciation of the rand was cited as a factor increasing costs for imported resources, such as library books.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stated reason for the high fee increase proposed by the University of the Witwatersrand?: The University of the Witwatersrand's Chief Financial Officer cited several factors for the proposed fee increase, including the depreciation of the rand impacting import costs, necessary salary adjustments for academics, general inflation rates, and escalating utility expenses.

The Fees Commission recommended a 0% fee increase for 2017 as sustainable.

Answer: False

The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase, deeming a 0% increase unsustainable.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the Council on Higher Education recommend regarding university fee increases for 2017?: The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase for university fees in 2017, asserting that a 0% increase would be financially unsustainable for South African universities.

Which of the following was NOT cited as a reason for the proposed fee increase by the University of the Witwatersrand's CFO?

Answer: A decrease in government subsidies for higher education.

While the CFO cited factors like rand depreciation, academic salary increases, and inflation, a decrease in government subsidies was not listed as a justification for the proposed fee hike.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the four main reasons cited by the University of the Witwatersrand's CFO for the proposed fee increase?: The University of the Witwatersrand's Chief Financial Officer cited four primary reasons for the proposed fee increase: 1) The depreciation of the South African rand against major currencies, escalating costs for imported resources such as library books and research equipment; 2) A necessary 7% salary increment for academic staff to ensure retention of talent; 3) General inflation approximating 6%; and 4) Significantly higher increases in utility costs compared to general inflation.

What was the immediate result of the protests at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?

Answer: The university agreed to suspend and renegotiate the fee increase and forgo disciplinary actions.

Following the protests, the University of the Witwatersrand agreed to suspend the proposed fee increase, initiate renegotiations, and refrain from taking disciplinary action against students and staff involved.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the initial outcome of the protests at the University of the Witwatersrand in October 2015?: Following a three-day student-led lockdown, the University of the Witwatersrand agreed to suspend the proposed fee increase, enter into renegotiations regarding fees, and refrain from pursuing disciplinary actions against participating students and staff.

The #FeesMustFall movement revived in August 2016 primarily due to which announcement?

Answer: The Minister of Higher Education announcing potential fee increases capped at 8% for 2017.

The movement revived in August 2016 following the Minister of Higher Education's announcement of potential fee increases for 2017, capped at 8%.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the #FeesMustFall movement evolve in 2016?: The #FeesMustFall movement experienced a resurgence in August 2016, primarily triggered by the Minister of Higher Education's announcement of potential fee increases for 2017, which would be capped at 8% but allowed individual institutions to determine the precise percentage.

What did the Council on Higher Education recommend regarding university fees for 2017?

Answer: An inflation-related increase, deeming a 0% increase unsustainable.

The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related adjustment to university fees for 2017, concluding that a complete 0% increase would be financially unsustainable.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the Council on Higher Education recommend regarding university fee increases for 2017?: The Council on Higher Education recommended an inflation-related increase for university fees in 2017, asserting that a 0% increase would be financially unsustainable for South African universities.

What was the outcome of the meeting between President Zuma, vice-chancellors, and student representatives on October 23, 2015?

Answer: President Zuma announced no increase in university fees for 2016, but did not address the crowd directly.

President Zuma announced a freeze on university fee increases for 2016, but did not directly address the protesters gathered outside, leading to some dissatisfaction.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the result of the meeting between university vice-chancellors, student representatives, and President Jacob Zuma on October 23, 2015?: The meeting on October 23, 2015, resulted in President Zuma announcing a freeze on university fee increases for 2016. However, student dissatisfaction arose because Zuma did not address the protesters directly outside the Union Buildings, leading some to attempt to storm the premises, which was met with police force.

Which of the following was cited as a reason for the proposed fee increase by the University of the Witwatersrand's CFO?

Answer: Increased costs for imported resources due to rand depreciation.

The Chief Financial Officer cited increased costs for imported resources, exacerbated by the depreciation of the South African rand, as a justification for the proposed fee increase.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stated reason for the high fee increase proposed by the University of the Witwatersrand?: The University of the Witwatersrand's Chief Financial Officer cited several factors for the proposed fee increase, including the depreciation of the rand impacting import costs, necessary salary adjustments for academics, general inflation rates, and escalating utility expenses.

How did the #FeesMustFall protests conclude in 2015?

Answer: With the government announcing no tuition fee increases for 2016.

The protests of 2015 concluded following the South African government's announcement that tuition fees would not be increased for the 2016 academic year.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the outcome of the 2015 protest, leading to the end of that year's demonstrations?: The 2015 #FeesMustFall protests concluded when the South African government announced a freeze on tuition fee increases for the 2016 academic year.

Underlying Issues and Demands

The #FeesMustFall movement's primary objective was to abolish all university fees entirely across South Africa.

Answer: False

The primary objective of the #FeesMustFall movement was to protest against increases in student fees and advocate for greater government funding for higher education, rather than the complete abolition of all fees.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the primary objectives of the #FeesMustFall movement that began in South Africa in October 2015?: The #FeesMustFall movement's primary objectives were to protest against increases in student fees at South African universities and to advocate for greater government funding for higher education, rather than the complete abolition of all fees.

On September 19, 2016, students at the University of the Witwatersrand demanded 'free decolonized education for all'.

Answer: False

The demand articulated on September 19, 2016, was specifically for 'free decolonized education for black people'.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stated demand of students at the University of the Witwatersrand during the violent confrontation on September 19, 2016?: During the violent confrontation at the University of the Witwatersrand on September 19, 2016, the students explicitly demanded 'free decolonized education for black people'.

It was claimed that the annual cost of corruption in South Africa was insufficient to fund free education.

Answer: False

It was claimed that the annual cost of corruption (R60 billion) could potentially fund the estimated annual cost of free education (R45 billion).

Related Concepts:

  • What specific claim was made about the cost of corruption annually in South Africa in relation to funding free education?: A specific claim posited that the estimated R60 billion lost annually to corruption in South Africa could potentially fund the approximate R45 billion annual cost required for free higher education.

Students at Fort Hare University protested against corruption but did not link their concerns to fee increases.

Answer: False

Students at Fort Hare University protested concerns over fee increases and corruption, linking these issues.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific action did students at Fort Hare University take on October 20, 2015, regarding exams and fee increases?: Students at Fort Hare University initiated protests and a campus lockdown on October 20, 2015, refusing to disperse or write exams until university management addressed concerns regarding fee increases and corruption.

What was the primary objective of the #FeesMustFall movement?

Answer: To protest against increases in university student fees and advocate for more government funding for higher education.

The movement's core aims were to challenge rising tuition fees and advocate for increased state investment in higher education, addressing issues of access and affordability.

Related Concepts:

  • What were the primary objectives of the #FeesMustFall movement that began in South Africa in October 2015?: The #FeesMustFall movement's primary objectives were to protest against increases in student fees at South African universities and to advocate for greater government funding for higher education, rather than the complete abolition of all fees.

Besides fee increases, what broader socio-economic issue contributed to the background of the #FeesMustFall protests?

Answer: A real decline in government funding for higher education and lack of funding for poorer students.

Broader concerns included a perceived real decline in government funding for higher education, inadequate financial support for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and pervasive socio-economic and racial inequalities.

Related Concepts:

  • Beyond fee increases, what broader socio-economic issues contributed to the background of the #FeesMustFall protests?: Beyond the immediate issue of fee increases, the #FeesMustFall protests were underpinned by broader concerns including a perceived real decline in government funding for higher education, inadequate financial support for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, high remuneration for university management, a lack of substantive social transformation within academic institutions, and pervasive socio-economic and racial inequalities across South Africa.

During the confrontation on September 19, 2016, at the University of the Witwatersrand, what specific demand did students voice?

Answer: Free decolonized education for black people.

Amidst the confrontation on September 19, 2016, at the University of the Witwatersrand, students articulated a demand for 'free decolonized education for black people'.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the stated demand of students at the University of the Witwatersrand during the violent confrontation on September 19, 2016?: During the violent confrontation at the University of the Witwatersrand on September 19, 2016, the students explicitly demanded 'free decolonized education for black people'.

What specific claim was made regarding the potential funding of free education through anti-corruption measures?

Answer: The R60 billion lost annually to corruption could potentially fund the estimated R45 billion annual cost of free education.

A claim posited that the estimated R60 billion lost annually to corruption could potentially cover the approximate R45 billion annual cost required for free higher education.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific claim was made about the cost of corruption annually in South Africa in relation to funding free education?: A specific claim posited that the estimated R60 billion lost annually to corruption in South Africa could potentially fund the approximate R45 billion annual cost required for free higher education.

Which of the following was a stated demand during the violent confrontation at the University of the Witwatersrand on September 19, 2016?

Answer: The immediate implementation of free, decolonized education for black people.

During the violent confrontation at the University of the Witwatersrand on September 19, 2016, a key demand articulated by students was the immediate implementation of free, decolonized education for black people.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the immediate response from students at the University of the Witwatersrand following Minister Nzimande's announcement on September 19, 2016?: Following Minister Nzimande's announcement on September 19, 2016, students at the University of the Witwatersrand mobilized to shut down their campus and blockaded entrances, leading to confrontations with police.

Violence, Damage, and Controversies

The estimated cost of property damage caused by the #FeesMustFall protests reached approximately R800 million.

Answer: True

Reports indicated that the property damage resulting from the protests reached approximately R800 million by October 2016.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the estimated cost of property damage caused by the #FeesMustFall protests?: Estimates for the property damage incurred during the #FeesMustFall protests varied, with the Department of Education initially estimating R600 million by October 2016, while subsequent reports suggested the total cost approached R800 million.

Allegations surfaced that police deliberately targeted student leaders during the 2016 protests to undermine the movement.

Answer: True

Students alleged that police deliberately targeted movement leaders with the intent of undermining the protests, including claims of abduction and abuse.

Related Concepts:

  • What allegations were made regarding police targeting of student leaders during the 2016 protests?: During the 2016 protests, students alleged that police deliberately targeted movement leaders with the intent of undermining the protests. These allegations included claims of abduction, abuse, interrogation, and abandonment in remote areas. Notably, Shaeera Kalla, the 2015 SRC president, reported being struck multiple times with rubber bullets at close range.

Incidents of student violence during the protests included setting fire to vehicles and vandalizing campus property.

Answer: True

Reported incidents of student violence included setting fire to vehicles and vandalizing campus property.

Related Concepts:

  • What incidents of student violence were reported during the protests?: Reported incidents of student violence included instances where protesters turned aggressive upon being denied access to buildings, threw projectiles such as rocks at security personnel, set fire to vehicles and portable facilities, vandalized campus security offices, and allegedly intimidated staff and students who did not participate in the demonstrations.

According to reports from October 2015, fewer than 10 students were arrested during the initial protests.

Answer: False

Reports from October 2015 indicated around 30 students were arrested during protests, with another report mentioning 23 arrests related to tuition fee hike plans.

Related Concepts:

  • How many students were arrested during the #FeesMustFall protests according to a report from October 2015?: Reports from October 2015 indicated varying numbers of arrests, with one account mentioning approximately 30 students arrested during protests, and another specifying 23 arrests related to the tuition fee hike demonstrations.

The Law Library at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Howard College was burned down during the 2016 protests.

Answer: True

On September 6, 2016, students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Howard College campus set fire to the Law Library.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific action did students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal take on September 6, 2016?: On September 6, 2016, students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Howard College campus committed an act of arson by burning down the Law Library, which housed valuable historical legal texts.

A total of 567 #FeesMustFall protesters were arrested between February and October 2016.

Answer: True

A News24 report from October 17, 2016, stated that precisely 567 #FeesMustFall protesters had been arrested since February 2016.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the total number of arrests reported for #FeesMustFall protesters since February 2016, according to a News24 report?: According to a News24 report dated October 17, 2016, a total of 567 #FeesMustFall protesters had been arrested since February 2016.

The South African Department of Higher Education and Training calculated the damage caused during the 2015 protests to be over R300 million.

Answer: True

The Department of Higher Education and Training calculated the damage caused during the 2015 protests to be R300,302,848.58.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the estimated cost of damages to educational infrastructure during the 2015 #FeesMustFall protests, according to the South African Department of Higher Education and Training?: According to the South African Department of Higher Education and Training, the damages to university infrastructure resulting from the 2015 #FeesMustFall protests amounted to R300,302,848.58.

On October 10, 2016, police used rubber bullets and stun grenades to disperse students at the University of Witwatersrand, resulting in injuries and arrests.

Answer: True

On October 10, 2016, police dispersed students at the University of Witwatersrand using rubber bullets and stun grenades, leading to injuries and arrests.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific action did students at the University of Witwatersrand take on October 10, 2016, which led to arrests and injuries?: On October 10, 2016, students gathered at the University of Witwatersrand but were denied access to the Great Hall by police. Police dispersed the protesters using rubber bullets, stun grenades, and smoke grenades, resulting in injuries and arrests.

What was the estimated cost of property damage attributed to the #FeesMustFall protests by October 2016?

Answer: Approximately R600 million to R800 million

By October 2016, estimates for the property damage caused by the #FeesMustFall protests ranged from R600 million to nearly R800 million.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the estimated cost of property damage caused by the #FeesMustFall protests?: Estimates for the property damage incurred during the #FeesMustFall protests varied, with the Department of Education initially estimating R600 million by October 2016, while subsequent reports suggested the total cost approached R800 million.

Which of the following methods was reportedly used by police to disperse student protesters?

Answer: Stun grenades, tasers, rubber bullets, and water cannons.

Reports indicate that police employed a range of forceful tactics to disperse protesters, including stun grenades, tasers, rubber bullets, and water cannons.

Related Concepts:

  • What methods did police reportedly use to disperse student protesters during the #FeesMustFall movement?: During the #FeesMustFall movement, police reportedly employed a range of forceful tactics to disperse student protesters, including the use of stun grenades, tasers, coloured gas, riot shields, truncheons, rubber bullets, and water cannons.

Which of the following was reported as an incident of student violence during the protests?

Answer: Setting fire to vehicles and vandalizing campus property.

Incidents of student violence reported during the protests included setting fire to vehicles and vandalizing campus property.

Related Concepts:

  • What incidents of student violence were reported during the protests?: Reported incidents of student violence included instances where protesters turned aggressive upon being denied access to buildings, threw projectiles such as rocks at security personnel, set fire to vehicles and portable facilities, vandalized campus security offices, and allegedly intimidated staff and students who did not participate in the demonstrations.

What action did students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal take on September 6, 2016?

Answer: They burned the Law Library at Howard College.

On September 6, 2016, students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Howard College campus set fire to the Law Library, destroying rare legal texts.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific action did students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal take on September 6, 2016?: On September 6, 2016, students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's Howard College campus committed an act of arson by burning down the Law Library, which housed valuable historical legal texts.

According to a News24 report in October 2016, how many #FeesMustFall protesters had been arrested since February 2016?

Answer: Exactly 567

A News24 report from October 17, 2016, stated that precisely 567 #FeesMustFall protesters had been arrested since February 2016.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the total number of arrests reported for #FeesMustFall protesters since February 2016, according to a News24 report?: According to a News24 report dated October 17, 2016, a total of 567 #FeesMustFall protesters had been arrested since February 2016.

What was the estimated cost of damages to educational infrastructure during the 2015 #FeesMustFall protests, according to the South African Department of Higher Education and Training?

Answer: R300,302,848.58

The South African Department of Higher Education and Training calculated the financial damage to university infrastructure resulting from the 2015 protests to be R300,302,848.58.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the estimated cost of damages to educational infrastructure during the 2015 #FeesMustFall protests, according to the South African Department of Higher Education and Training?: According to the South African Department of Higher Education and Training, the damages to university infrastructure resulting from the 2015 #FeesMustFall protests amounted to R300,302,848.58.

Incidents and Controversies

A cleaner died during the 2016 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand after a fire extinguisher was discharged.

Answer: True

A cleaner at the University of the Witwatersrand died following the discharge of a fire extinguisher during the 2016 protests.

Related Concepts:

  • What happened to a cleaner at the University of the Witwatersrand during the 2016 protests?: During the 2016 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand, a cleaner tragically died. The incident occurred in Jubilee Hall following the discharge of a fire extinguisher; although the cleaner received medical attention, they succumbed to their condition after discharge from the hospital.

Family members stated that the intense student engagements during the protests negatively impacted Professor Bongani Mayosi's mental health, contributing to his later suicide.

Answer: True

Family members reported that the intense nature of student engagements adversely affected Professor Bongani Mayosi's mental health, which they believe contributed to his suicide.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the reported impact of the 'vitriolic character of student engagements' during the protests on Professor Bongani Mayosi?: Family members of Professor Bongani Mayosi reported that the intense and often acrimonious nature of student engagements during the protests had a detrimental effect on his mental health, which they believe contributed to his subsequent suicide.

What tragic incident involving a cleaner occurred during the 2016 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand?

Answer: A cleaner died due to an apparent asthma attack after a fire extinguisher discharge.

During the 2016 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand, a cleaner tragically passed away following the discharge of a fire extinguisher.

Related Concepts:

  • What happened to a cleaner at the University of the Witwatersrand during the 2016 protests?: During the 2016 protests at the University of the Witwatersrand, a cleaner tragically died. The incident occurred in Jubilee Hall following the discharge of a fire extinguisher; although the cleaner received medical attention, they succumbed to their condition after discharge from the hospital.

According to family members, what was the impact of the 'vitriolic character of student engagements' on Professor Bongani Mayosi?

Answer: It negatively affected his mental health, contributing to his suicide.

Family members of Professor Bongani Mayosi reported that the intense and often hostile nature of student engagements during the protests adversely impacted his mental well-being, contributing to his subsequent suicide.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the reported impact of the 'vitriolic character of student engagements' during the protests on Professor Bongani Mayosi?: Family members of Professor Bongani Mayosi reported that the intense and often acrimonious nature of student engagements during the protests had a detrimental effect on his mental health, which they believe contributed to his subsequent suicide.

Outcomes and Legacy

The #FeesMustFall movement led to a decrease in the South African government's budget for higher education.

Answer: False

The movement resulted in an increase in the South African government's higher education budget by R17 billion over three years.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the impact of the #FeesMustFall movement on government funding for higher education?: The #FeesMustFall movement significantly influenced government policy, resulting in an increase in the national budget allocated to higher education by R17 billion over a three-year period. Projections indicated an annual increase of 10.9% in subsidies to universities.

A significant legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests was the establishment of a national bursary scheme guaranteeing free higher education for all students.

Answer: False

The legacy was the guarantee of free higher education primarily for students from poor and working-class backgrounds, not for all students.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests regarding financial aid for students?: A principal legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests was the establishment of a national bursary scheme that effectively guaranteed free higher education for students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds. This scheme allocated R12.4 billion in 2018, with planned increases to R24.3 billion by 2020.

The #FeesMustFall protests discouraged South African universities from adopting blended learning methods.

Answer: False

The protests encouraged universities to increase the use of blended learning to ensure course continuity for students not participating in demonstrations.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the #FeesMustFall movement influence the adoption of blended learning in South African universities?: The disruptions caused by the #FeesMustFall movement encouraged South African universities to accelerate the adoption of blended learning strategies. This approach facilitated the continuation of academic coursework for students not involved in the protests, thereby ensuring course progression.

A study concluded that the decolonisation focus of the 2016 protests was more successful than the 2015 protests in achieving its aims.

Answer: False

A study found the decolonisation focus of the 2016 protests to be less successful in achieving tangible outcomes compared to 2015, though it raised public awareness.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the 2016 protests differ in focus from the 2015 protests, according to a study by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation?: A study by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation indicated that the 2016 protests, with their emphasis on decolonisation, were less successful in achieving tangible outcomes compared to the 2015 protests. However, the 2016 focus did succeed in bringing the issues of educational decolonisation and the alienation experienced by black students and staff to broader public attention.

Public support for the #FeesMustFall movement remained consistently high throughout the duration of the protests.

Answer: False

Initially, the movement garnered significant public support, but this support reportedly declined as the protests became associated with violence.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the initial public reaction to the #FeesMustFall movement?: Initially, the #FeesMustFall movement garnered significant public support. However, this widespread approval began to decline as instances of violence became associated with the protests.

The South African government planned to decrease subsidies to universities following the #FeesMustFall protests.

Answer: False

The South African government increased subsidies to universities by 10.9% annually following the protests.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the South African government do in response to the protests regarding the budget for higher education?: In response to the protests, the South African government committed to increasing the higher education budget by R17 billion over a three-year period. Additionally, government subsidies to universities were projected to rise by 10.9% annually.

The Institute of Race Relations argued that the #FeesMustFall movement enhanced freedom of speech on university campuses.

Answer: False

The Institute of Race Relations criticized the movement for promoting intolerance and eroding freedom of speech on campuses.

Related Concepts:

  • What criticism did the Institute of Race Relations level against the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements?: The Institute of Race Relations (IRR) critiqued the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements, asserting that they fostered an environment of intolerance on university campuses and consequently eroded freedom of speech. The IRR cited actions ranging from the disruption of opposing viewpoints to instances of intimidation and violence.

The #FeesMustFall movement led to the creation of a national bursary scheme for students from middle-class backgrounds.

Answer: False

The national bursary scheme established guaranteed free higher education primarily for students from poor and working-class backgrounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests regarding financial aid for students?: A principal legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests was the establishment of a national bursary scheme that effectively guaranteed free higher education for students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds. This scheme allocated R12.4 billion in 2018, with planned increases to R24.3 billion by 2020.

The Institute of Race Relations criticized the #FeesMustFall movement for promoting intolerance and eroding freedom of speech.

Answer: True

The Institute of Race Relations criticized the movement for fostering intolerance and diminishing freedom of speech on university campuses.

Related Concepts:

  • What criticism did the Institute of Race Relations level against the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements?: The Institute of Race Relations (IRR) critiqued the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements, asserting that they fostered an environment of intolerance on university campuses and consequently eroded freedom of speech. The IRR cited actions ranging from the disruption of opposing viewpoints to instances of intimidation and violence.

The South African government increased its higher education budget by R17 billion over three years in response to the protests.

Answer: True

In response to the protests, the South African government allocated an additional R17 billion to the higher education budget over a three-year period.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the South African government do in response to the protests regarding the budget for higher education?: In response to the protests, the South African government committed to increasing the higher education budget by R17 billion over a three-year period. Additionally, government subsidies to universities were projected to rise by 10.9% annually.

What was a major positive impact of the #FeesMustFall movement on government funding for higher education?

Answer: An increase in the government's higher education budget by R17 billion over three years.

A significant outcome of the movement was the South African government's decision to increase its higher education budget by R17 billion over a three-year period.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the impact of the #FeesMustFall movement on government funding for higher education?: The #FeesMustFall movement significantly influenced government policy, resulting in an increase in the national budget allocated to higher education by R17 billion over a three-year period. Projections indicated an annual increase of 10.9% in subsidies to universities.

The #FeesMustFall protests led to the guarantee of free higher education primarily for which group?

Answer: Students from poor and working-class backgrounds.

A key legacy of the protests was the establishment of free higher education, primarily guaranteed for students originating from poor and working-class socioeconomic backgrounds.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests regarding financial aid for students?: A principal legacy of the #FeesMustFall protests was the establishment of a national bursary scheme that effectively guaranteed free higher education for students from financially disadvantaged backgrounds. This scheme allocated R12.4 billion in 2018, with planned increases to R24.3 billion by 2020.

How did the #FeesMustFall movement influence the adoption of blended learning in universities?

Answer: It encouraged universities to increase the use of blended learning to ensure course continuity.

The disruptions caused by the #FeesMustFall protests prompted South African universities to enhance their adoption of blended learning methodologies to maintain course continuity.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the #FeesMustFall movement influence the adoption of blended learning in South African universities?: The disruptions caused by the #FeesMustFall movement encouraged South African universities to accelerate the adoption of blended learning strategies. This approach facilitated the continuation of academic coursework for students not involved in the protests, thereby ensuring course progression.

What criticism did the Institute of Race Relations (IRR) direct at the #FeesMustFall movement?

Answer: The movement promoted intolerance and eroded freedom of speech on campuses.

The Institute of Race Relations criticized the movement for fostering an environment of intolerance and diminishing freedom of speech within university settings.

Related Concepts:

  • What criticism did the Institute of Race Relations level against the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements?: The Institute of Race Relations (IRR) critiqued the #FeesMustFall and #RhodesMustFall movements, asserting that they fostered an environment of intolerance on university campuses and consequently eroded freedom of speech. The IRR cited actions ranging from the disruption of opposing viewpoints to instances of intimidation and violence.

A study by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation found the decolonisation focus of the 2016 protests to be:

Answer: Less successful than the 2015 protests, but raised public awareness.

A study concluded that the decolonisation focus of the 2016 protests was less successful in achieving tangible outcomes compared to 2015, though it significantly raised public awareness on the issue.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the 2016 protests differ in focus from the 2015 protests, according to a study by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation?: A study by the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation indicated that the 2016 protests, with their emphasis on decolonisation, were less successful in achieving tangible outcomes compared to the 2015 protests. However, the 2016 focus did succeed in bringing the issues of educational decolonisation and the alienation experienced by black students and staff to broader public attention.

What did the South African government do regarding the budget for higher education in response to the protests?

Answer: Increased the budget by R17 billion over three years.

In response to the protests, the South African government allocated an additional R17 billion to the higher education budget over a three-year period.

Related Concepts:

  • What did the South African government do in response to the protests regarding the budget for higher education?: In response to the protests, the South African government committed to increasing the higher education budget by R17 billion over a three-year period. Additionally, government subsidies to universities were projected to rise by 10.9% annually.

What was the initial public reaction to the #FeesMustFall movement?

Answer: Significant public support, which later declined due to violence.

Initially, the #FeesMustFall movement garnered considerable public support. However, this widespread approval began to decline as instances of violence became associated with the protests.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the initial public reaction to the #FeesMustFall movement?: Initially, the #FeesMustFall movement garnered significant public support. However, this widespread approval began to decline as instances of violence became associated with the protests.

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