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Total Categories: 4
The 'Moros' in the Philippines are culturally connected to the Moors of Spain due to their shared Islamic faith.
Answer: False
The term 'Moros' was a Spanish word referring to the Moors, but the two groups (Philippine Muslims and Spanish Moors) have little cultural connection other than their shared Islamic faith.
Filipinos primarily speak Spanish, English, and Filipino, with a significant portion fluent in Spanish.
Answer: False
Filipinos primarily speak English, Filipino, and other indigenous languages, with less than 1% being fluent in Spanish.
According to the source, what is the approximate total population of Filipinos, including those in the diaspora?
Answer: 110 million
The source states the total population of Filipinos is approximately 110 million, including about 10 million in the diaspora.
Which of the following countries hosts one of the largest significant Filipino populations outside of the Philippines, as of the specified years in the source?
Answer: Saudi Arabia
As of 2014, Saudi Arabia hosted 938,490 Filipinos, making it one of the largest significant Filipino populations outside the Philippines.
What was the predominant religious affiliation among Filipinos as of 2010, according to the source?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
As of 2010, Roman Catholicism was the predominant religion among Filipinos, accounting for 80.6% of the population.
What is the estimated percentage of the population that identifies as Muslim in the Philippines, according to 2014 estimates?
Answer: 5% to 8%
In 2014, Islam was estimated to account for 5% to 8% of the Philippine population.
What is the primary reason for Filipino immigration to the United States, according to the U.S. Census Bureau?
Answer: Seeking family reunification.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Filipino immigrants primarily sought family reunification in the United States.
Which of the following indigenous groups in the Philippines still has strong adherents to indigenous folk religions, sometimes mixed with Christianity or Islam?
Answer: Aeta
Indigenous groups such as the Aeta, Igorot, and Lumad still have strong adherents to indigenous Philippine folk religions.
The 'Callao Man' specimens were initially identified as modern human remains but were later reclassified as Homo luzonensis.
Answer: True
The 'Callao Man' specimens, discovered in 2007, were initially identified as modern human but were reclassified in 2019 as a new species, *Homo luzonensis*.
The Austronesian expansion originated from the Malay Peninsula and spread northward to the Philippines.
Answer: False
The Austronesian expansion originated from Taiwan and spread southward to the Batanes Islands and Luzon, then throughout the Philippines.
Pre-colonial Philippine society was characterized by a single, unified political state around 1000 AD.
Answer: False
Around 1000 AD, the Philippine archipelago consisted of numerous semi-autonomous 'barangays' or upland agricultural societies, not a single unified political state.
The oldest indisputable modern human remains in the Philippines, 'Tabon Man', were discovered in the Tabon Caves and dated to approximately 26,000 to 24,000 years ago.
Answer: True
The 'Tabon Man' fossils, discovered in the Tabon Caves in the 1960s, are the oldest indisputable modern human remains in the Philippines, dated to approximately 26,000 to 24,000 years ago.
The 'First Sundaland People' theory suggests early modern humans reached the Philippines from mainland Asia via extensive land bridges.
Answer: False
The 'First Sundaland People' theory posits that early modern humans reached Island Southeast Asia from Borneo via Palawan, requiring only a short sea crossing, not extensive land bridges from mainland Asia.
Philippine Negritos show a high degree of Denisovan Admixture, similar to Papuans and Indigenous Australians.
Answer: True
Philippine Negritos exhibit a high degree of Denisovan Admixture, similar to Papuans and Indigenous Australians, suggesting a common ancestor that interbred with Denisovans.
The 2014 study by Mark Donohue and Tim Denham supported the theory of an orderly north-to-south dispersal of Austronesian languages from Taiwan through the Philippines.
Answer: False
The 2014 study by Donohue and Denham indicated *no linguistic evidence* for an orderly north-to-south dispersal of Austronesian languages from Taiwan through the Philippines.
Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced to native tribes of the Philippines through trade before the Spanish period.
Answer: True
Before the Spanish period, South Asian and East Asian traders introduced Hinduism and Buddhism to native tribes of the Philippines.
What is notable about the genetic admixture of Philippine Negritos compared to Malaysian and Andamanese Negritos?
Answer: They show a high degree of Denisovan Admixture.
Philippine Negritos exhibit a high degree of Denisovan Admixture, similar to Papuans and Indigenous Australians, contrasting with other Negrito groups.
What was the political structure of the Philippine islands around 1000 AD?
Answer: Numerous semi-autonomous 'barangays' ruled by local leaders.
Around 1000 AD, the Philippine archipelago consisted of numerous semi-autonomous 'barangays' ruled by datus, rajahs, or sultans.
Which of the following was NOT one of the four main social classes in pre-colonial Philippine society?
Answer: Principalía
The four main social classes were Datu, Timawa, Maharlika, and Alipin. The 'Principalía' was formed during the early Spanish period from the Ginoo and Maharlika castes.
What is 'Sundadonty' and how does it relate to Filipino dental morphology?
Answer: A dental pattern found in Southeast Asia and Oceania, exhibited by Filipinos.
Sundadonty is a dental pattern found in Southeast Asia and Oceania, which Filipinos exhibit, indicating a longer ancestry than Sinodonty.
The term 'Filipino' was originally used to refer to all natives of the Philippine islands during the early Spanish colonial period.
Answer: False
The term 'Filipino' initially referred to Spaniards born in the Philippines ('Insulares') and later to Spanish and Chinese mestizos, not all natives. Natives were generally called 'indio' or 'indigena'.
The 'ilustrados' were an educated class primarily composed of pure-blooded Spaniards who advocated for Philippine independence.
Answer: False
The 'ilustrados' were an educated class primarily composed of mestizos (Spanish and Chinese) and indios, not pure-blooded Spaniards, and they advocated for Philippine nationalism, not necessarily immediate independence.
Roman Catholicism became the predominant religion in the Philippines after its introduction by the Spanish in 1521.
Answer: True
Roman Catholicism was introduced by the Spanish starting in 1521 and became the predominant religion, accounting for 80.6% of the population as of 2010.
The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade primarily connected the Philippines to European markets.
Answer: False
The Manila-Acapulco galleon trade connected the Philippines to Mexico (part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain), not directly to European markets.
The Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos was published to ensure that all Filipinos had Spanish surnames, regardless of their actual ancestry.
Answer: True
The *Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos* was created to provide every Filipino with a surname, often Hispanicized, addressing the issue of colonial subjects lacking last names.
The British occupation of Manila in the 18th century led to the permanent transfer of the Philippines to British control.
Answer: False
The British occupation of Manila (1762-1764) ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which returned Manila to the Spanish Empire.
Chavacano is a Spanish-based creole language with a vocabulary that is 90 percent Spanish.
Answer: True
Chavacano is the only Spanish-based creole language in Asia, and its vocabulary is indeed 90 percent Spanish.
José Rizal readily accepted his classification as a Chinese mestizo before his execution.
Answer: False
José Rizal refused to sign his death sentence notification that described him as a Chinese mestizo, stating he was 'indio puro'.
The Spanish colonial caste system classified a child's legal status based on the mother's ancestry.
Answer: False
The Spanish colonial legal system of racial classification dictated that a child's legal status was determined by the father's ancestry.
By the end of Spanish rule in 1898, Spanish was the mother tongue for the majority of the Philippine population.
Answer: False
By 1898, Spanish was the mother tongue for only approximately 10% or 14% of the Philippine population, primarily among the elite.
The first census in 1591 estimated the total founding population of the Spanish Philippines to be over 1 million people.
Answer: False
The first census in 1591 estimated the total founding population of the Spanish Philippines at 667,612 people.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1867 led to increased European and Chinese settlement in the Philippines.
Answer: True
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1867 facilitated international trade and led to increased settlement by various European nationalities and Chinese.
The 'Ginoo' and 'Maharlika' castes in pre-colonial Philippines transitioned into the 'Principalía' during the early Spanish period.
Answer: True
The 'Ginoo' and 'Maharlika' castes formed the 'Principalía' (nobility) during the early Spanish period.
German ethnographer Fedor Jagor concluded that a quarter of Luzon's population had Spanish and Mexican ancestry.
Answer: False
Fedor Jagor concluded that one-third of Luzon's population had varying degrees of Spanish and Mexican ancestry, not a quarter.
The 'Manilamen' were primarily Spanish colonial administrators who established communities in various ports.
Answer: False
'Manilamen' were native Filipinos, mostly sailors and pearl-divers, who established communities in various ports, not Spanish colonial administrators.
The Spanish term 'chino' was used in Spanish America to distinguish natives of the Philippine archipelago from Native Americans.
Answer: True
In Spanish America, 'chino' (short for 'indio chino') was used to differentiate natives of the Philippine archipelago from Native American 'indios'.
The Philippines was governed directly from Spain during the entire Spanish colonial period.
Answer: False
During the Spanish period, the Philippines was governed as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with administration directed from Mexico City.
The term 'Tornatrás' specifically referred to individuals of pure Spanish descent born in the Philippines.
Answer: False
'Tornatrás' referred to a person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent, or a mix of Spanish, Chinese, and native Austronesian descent, not pure Spanish descent.
From what historical term was the demonym 'Filipino' derived?
Answer: 'Las Islas Filipinas'
The demonym 'Filipino' was derived from the Spanish term 'las Islas Filipinas', named in honor of Philip II of Spain.
How were natives of the Philippine islands generally referred to during the Spanish period within the Philippines itself?
Answer: Indio or Indigena
During the Spanish period, natives were generally known by the generic terms 'indio' or 'indigena' within the Philippines.
Who were the 'ilustrados' and what was their key role in the late 19th century?
Answer: An educated class of mestizos and indios who built Philippine nationalism.
The 'ilustrados' were an educated class of mestizos and indios whose writings are credited with building Philippine nationalism.
What did a 2018 genetic study reveal about Filipino ancestry in Guerrero, Mexico?
Answer: Approximately one-third of the population has 10% Filipino ancestry.
A 2018 genetic study found that approximately one-third of Guerrero, Mexico's population has 10% Filipino ancestry.
What was the estimated total founding population of the Spanish Philippines in the first census of 1591?
Answer: 667,612 people
The first census in 1591 estimated the total founding population of the Spanish Philippines at 667,612 people.
What was the primary method of governance for the Philippines during the Spanish period?
Answer: As part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, directed from Mexico City
During the Spanish period, the Philippines was governed as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with its administration directed from Mexico City.
What was the outcome of the British occupation of Manila between 1762 and 1764?
Answer: Manila was returned to the Spanish Empire under the Treaty of Paris.
The British occupation of Manila ended with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which led to its return to the Spanish Empire.
What was the significance of the Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos published in 1849?
Answer: It provided every Filipino with a surname, often Hispanicized.
The *Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos* was published to provide every Filipino with a surname, often Hispanicized, addressing the lack of last names among colonial subjects.
During the Spanish period, what was the classification for a person of mixed Spanish and native Filipino descent?
Answer: Mestizo de Español
A person of mixed Spanish and native Filipino descent was classified as a 'Mestizo de Español'.
What was the 'Tornatrás' classification in the Spanish colonial caste system?
Answer: A person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent, or a mix of Spanish, Chinese, and native Austronesian descent.
The 'Tornatrás' classification referred to a person of mixed Spanish and Chinese descent, or a mix of Spanish, Chinese, and native Austronesian descent.
What was the status of the Spanish language in the Philippines by the end of Spanish rule in 1898?
Answer: It was the mother tongue for approximately 10% or 14% of the population.
By 1898, Spanish was the mother tongue for approximately 10% or 14% of the Philippine population.
Which specific Spanish ancestries were most common among early Spanish settlers in the Philippines?
Answer: Basque, Andalusian, Catalan, and Moorish
Most Spaniards who settled in the Philippines were of Basque ancestry, with others of Andalusian, Catalan, and Moorish descent.
How did the opening of the Suez Canal in 1867 affect immigration to the Philippines?
Answer: It led to increased settlement by various European nationalities and Chinese.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1867 led to increased settlement by various European nationalities and Chinese in the Philippines.
What was the estimated population of Mexican soldier-immigrants in the Philippines during the 1700s?
Answer: Approximately 35,000
Approximately 35,000 Mexican soldier-immigrants arrived in the Philippines during the 1700s.
What did German ethnographer Fedor Jagor conclude about Spanish and Mexican ancestry in Luzon?
Answer: That one-third of Luzon's population had varying degrees of Spanish and Mexican ancestry.
Fedor Jagor concluded that one-third of Luzon's population had varying degrees of Spanish and Mexican ancestry.
What was the classification for a person of mixed Chinese and native Filipino descent during the Spanish period?
Answer: Mestizo de Sangley
A person of mixed Chinese and native Filipino descent was classified as a 'Mestizo de Sangley'.
What did historian William Henry Scott conclude about the use of the term 'Filipino' during the Spanish period?
Answer: It was used when people of the Philippines were practicing their own culture, or before they became 'indios'.
William Henry Scott concluded that 'Filipinos' were called such when practicing their own culture, or before they became 'indios'.
The term 'Filipinx' was widely adopted and welcomed by Filipinos in the Philippines for its gender-inclusive nature.
Answer: False
The term 'Filipinx' was met with confusion, backlash, and ridicule from Filipinos in the Philippines because 'Filipino' is already treated as gender-neutral in their local linguistic practice.
Philippine nationality law is based on jus soli, meaning citizenship is acquired by birth within the territory.
Answer: False
Philippine nationality law is based on *jus sanguinis*, meaning citizenship is acquired by descent from a parent who is a citizen of the Republic of the Philippines.
The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines designates Filipino as the national language and Spanish as an official language.
Answer: False
The 1987 Constitution designates Filipino as the national language and English as one of the official languages, not Spanish.
The average Filipino's genetic makeup, according to National Geographic, includes a significant percentage of Native American ancestry.
Answer: True
The National Geographic's 'The Genographic Project' found that the average Filipino's genes include 2% Native American ancestry.
The decommissioning of U.S. military bases in 1992 led to an estimated 52,000 to 250,000 Amerasian children being left behind in the Philippines.
Answer: True
The decommissioning of U.S. military bases in 1992 resulted in an estimated 52,000 to 250,000 Amerasian children being left behind in the Philippines.
Families of Chinese Filipino or Spanish Filipino backgrounds currently play a leading role in the Philippine business sector.
Answer: True
Families of Chinese Filipino or Spanish Filipino backgrounds currently play a leading role in the Philippine business sector and contribute significantly to the economy.
The 1903 American census showed an increase in the percentages of Chinese, Spanish, and mestizo populations due to continued immigration.
Answer: False
The 1903 American census showed an abrupt drop in these percentages, explained by assimilation and self-identification as Filipinos.
What was the primary reason for the confusion and backlash against the term 'Filipinx' in the Philippines?
Answer: 'Filipino' is already treated as gender-neutral in local practice.
The term 'Filipinx' was met with confusion and backlash because 'Filipino' is already treated as gender-neutral in the Philippines.
What did the National Geographic's 'The Genographic Project' find regarding the average Filipino's genetic makeup?
Answer: Approximately 53% Southeast Asia and Oceania, 36% East Asian.
The Genographic Project found the average Filipino's genes to be approximately 53% Southeast Asia and Oceania, and 36% East Asian.
What is the principle behind current Philippine nationality law?
Answer: Jus sanguinis (citizenship by descent from a parent)
Philippine nationality law is based on *jus sanguinis*, meaning citizenship is acquired by descent from a parent.
What is 'Baybayin' and why has there been a recent resurgence of interest in it?
Answer: A native writing system of the Philippines, with recent efforts to revitalize it.
Baybayin is a native writing system of the Philippines that has seen a recent resurgence of interest and revitalization efforts.
What did the 1903 American census reveal about the percentages of Chinese, Spanish, and mestizo populations in the Philippines?
Answer: An abrupt drop, explained by assimilation and self-identification as Filipinos.
The 1903 American census showed an abrupt drop in these percentages, explained by assimilation and self-identification as Filipinos.
What is the estimated total percentage of individuals in the Philippines who possess full or partial American descent?
Answer: 1%
Individuals with full or partial American descent collectively form 1% of the total demographics of the Philippines.
What was the estimated number of American citizens expected to be living in the Philippines by 2025?
Answer: 750,000
It is estimated that 750,000 American citizens will be living in the Philippines by 2025.