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Firuz Shah Tughlaq, designated as Firuz III, assumed the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1351, reigning until his demise in 1388.
Answer: True
Firuz Shah Tughlaq, also known as Firuz III, ascended the throne of Delhi in 1351 and ruled until his death in 1388.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the father of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
Answer: False
The provided historical context indicates that Muhammad bin Tughlaq was Firuz Shah Tughlaq's cousin, not his father. Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father was Sipahsalar Malik Rajab.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign as Sultan of Delhi spanned from March 23, 1351, to September 20, 1388.
Answer: True
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign as Sultan of Delhi commenced on March 23, 1351, and concluded with his death on September 20, 1388.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was born in 1309 and died at the age of approximately 78.
Answer: True
Born in 1309, Firuz Shah Tughlaq died in 1388, reaching an approximate age of 78 or 79 years.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq is buried in the Tughlaq tombs complex near the Hauz Khas area in Delhi.
Answer: True
The final resting place of Firuz Shah Tughlaq is within the Tughlaq tombs complex, situated in proximity to the Hauz Khas area in Delhi.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Malik Rajab, was the brother of the Tughlaq dynasty's founder, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq.
Answer: True
Sipahsalar Malik Rajab, the father of Firuz Shah Tughlaq, was indeed the brother of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty.
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq arranged the marriage between his brother, Sipahsalar Rajab, and Bibi Naila.
Answer: True
According to historical accounts, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq facilitated the marriage between his brother, Sipahsalar Rajab, and Bibi Naila.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq exiled his half-sister, Khudawand-zada, for plotting his assassination.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq discovered a plot against him involving his half-sister, Khudawand-zada. While he confronted her and exiled her husband, the source does not state that she herself was exiled.
Gujari Begum was a consort of Firuz Shah Tughlaq, and a mahal in Hisar is legendarily linked to her.
Answer: True
Gujari Begum is identified as a consort of Firuz Shah Tughlaq, and the Gujari Mahal in Hisar is indeed legendarily associated with her.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Malik Rajab, held the title of Sultan.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Malik Rajab, held the title of Sipahsalar, not Sultan.
How did Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Sipahsalar Malik Rajab, meet Bibi Naila?
Answer: Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq arranged their marriage.
The marriage between Sipahsalar Malik Rajab and Bibi Naila was arranged by Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, the founder of the dynasty.
What legendary story is associated with the Gujari Mahal in Hisar?
Answer: It was built for a milkmaid Firuz Shah Tughlaq fell in love with.
The Gujari Mahal in Hisar is associated with the legend that Firuz Shah Tughlaq constructed it for a Gurjar milkmaid whom he met and subsequently married.
What title did Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Malik Rajab, hold?
Answer: Sipahsalar
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's father, Malik Rajab, held the military title of Sipahsalar.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was succeeded by his father, Muhammad Shah III.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was succeeded by his grandson, Tughluq Khan (Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II), following a brief period where his son, Muhammad Shah III, held the title.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq consolidated his rule by marching against an imposter placed on the throne by Khwaja-i-Jahan.
Answer: True
Upon learning that an imposter had been placed on the throne by Khwaja-i-Jahan, Firuz Shah Tughlaq mobilized forces and marched towards Delhi to assert his legitimate claim.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq abdicated the throne in 1387 due to his declining health and appointed his grandson, Tughluq Khan, as successor.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq abdicated in 1387 due to his senile condition, appointing his son Muhammad Shah III as successor, not his grandson Tughluq Khan at that initial stage.
Who succeeded Firuz Shah Tughlaq as the Sultan of Delhi?
Answer: Tughluq Khan (Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II)
Following Firuz Shah Tughlaq's abdication, his grandson Tughluq Khan, also known as Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II, ascended to the throne.
Which of the following was a consequence of Firuz Shah Tughlaq's abdication in 1387?
Answer: His son, Muhammad Shah III, took the title but faced opposition.
Upon Firuz Shah Tughlaq's abdication in 1387, his son Muhammad Shah III assumed the title of Sultan but encountered significant opposition from the nobility in Delhi.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's administrative policy allowed positions and jagirs to be inherited by sons, and old soldiers to send substitutes.
Answer: True
A notable administrative policy under Firuz Shah Tughlaq permitted the hereditary succession of positions and jagirs to sons, and allowed veteran soldiers to nominate substitutes for military service.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq significantly increased land taxes compared to his predecessor, Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Answer: False
Contrary to increasing taxes, Firuz Shah Tughlaq is noted for lowering land taxes compared to the rates imposed by his predecessor, Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's administrative policies, which allowed hereditary succession and substitutes, are described as contributing to corruption.
Answer: True
The administrative practices implemented by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, such as allowing hereditary succession of positions and the use of substitutes in the army, are characterized in historical accounts as factors that contributed to corruption within the administration.
The Diwan-i-Khairat department was established to manage military recruitment during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign.
Answer: False
The Diwan-i-Khairat department was instituted by Firuz Shah Tughlaq not for military recruitment, but to provide financial aid for the marriages of girls from impoverished families.
What was the purpose of the Diwan-i-Khairat department established by Firuz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: To provide financial aid for the marriage of poor girls.
The Diwan-i-Khairat was established under Firuz Shah Tughlaq's administration to offer financial assistance for the marriages of girls from underprivileged families.
What policy of Firuz Shah Tughlaq regarding administration and the army is described as contributing to corruption?
Answer: Hereditary succession of positions and allowing substitutes.
The policy allowing hereditary succession of administrative positions and jagirs, along with the practice of soldiers sending substitutes, is identified as a contributing factor to corruption during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign.
How did Firuz Shah Tughlaq's tax policies differ from those of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
Answer: Firuz Shah Tughlaq lowered land taxes.
In contrast to Muhammad bin Tughlaq's policies, Firuz Shah Tughlaq implemented a reduction in land taxes.
What specific example is given in the source illustrating potential corruption or leniency in Firuz Shah Tughlaq's administration?
Answer: A soldier bribing a clerk with a golden tanka to pass a sub-standard horse.
An illustrative example of potential corruption or leniency involves a soldier using a golden tanka to bribe a clerk into accepting a horse of inferior quality.
Which of the following was NOT a policy implemented by Firuz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: Increasing harsh punishments like cutting off hands.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's administration moved away from severe punishments like the cutting off of hands; instead, he focused on establishing hospitals, banning un-Islamic practices, and undertaking urban development projects.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's first military engagement as emperor involved defeating a Mongol invasion.
Answer: True
Shortly after assuming the throne, Firuz Shah Tughlaq achieved his first military victory by repelling a Mongol attack on his baggage train.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq launched his first invasion of Bengal in 1353 against Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah.
Answer: True
The initial Tughlaq invasion of Bengal occurred in 1353, targeting the forces led by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah.
During the first Bengal invasion, Firuz Shah Tughlaq successfully annexed the region after defeating Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah.
Answer: False
Although Firuz Shah Tughlaq engaged Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, he ultimately chose not to annex Bengal, citing the region's marshy terrain as a strategic impediment.
In his second invasion of Bengal (1358), Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a peace treaty with Sikandar Shah, son of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah.
Answer: True
Following his second expedition to Bengal in 1358, Firuz Shah Tughlaq concluded a peace treaty with Sikandar Shah, the successor to Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah.
On his return from Bengal, Firuz Shah Tughlaq faced and defeated the Rai of Jajpur, securing an annual tribute of 20 horses.
Answer: False
Upon returning from Bengal, Firuz Shah Tughlaq engaged the Rai of Jajpur (Odisha) and secured an annual tribute, but this tribute consisted of 20 elephants, not horses.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq marched towards Kangra (Nagarkot) because the Rai had raided his kingdom.
Answer: True
The Tughlaq ruler's decision to march on Nagarkot was prompted by reports that the local Rai had engaged in raids against his territories.
After a six-month siege, the Rai of Kangra surrendered and was allowed to retain his kingdom as a fiefdom of Delhi.
Answer: True
Following a protracted siege lasting six months, the Rai of Kangra capitulated and was permitted to continue ruling his territory as a vassal state under the Delhi Sultanate.
The Nurpur kingdom, under Kailas Pal, was an adversary of the Tughlaq dynasty.
Answer: False
The Nurpur kingdom, under the rule of Kailas Pal, was noted as a significant ally of the Tughlaq dynasty, not an adversary.
During an expedition to Thatta, Sindh, in 1362, Firuz Shah Tughlaq lost a significant portion of his horses due to disease.
Answer: True
The Tughlaq campaign in 1362 towards Thatta in Sindh was severely hampered when a widespread disease decimated approximately three-quarters of the army's horses.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq eventually conquered Thatta by defeating its ruler in a direct pitched battle.
Answer: False
The conquest of Thatta was achieved not through a direct pitched battle, but by employing a strategy of attrition, starving the defenders, and replenishing his own supplies, leading to the rulers' submission.
During the invasion of Odisha in 1360, Firuz Shah Tughlaq received an annual tribute of 20 elephants from the Rai.
Answer: True
Following the 1360 invasion of Odisha, the Rai submitted and agreed to provide an annual tribute consisting of 20 elephants to Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was generally lenient and benevolent towards the Deccan region, recognizing its independence.
Answer: True
Firuz Shah Tughlaq adopted a policy of leniency and benevolence towards the Deccan, acknowledging its autonomous status.
What was the nature of Firuz Shah Tughlaq's first military victory as emperor?
Answer: Repelling a Mongol attack on his baggage train.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's initial military success as emperor involved repelling a Mongol force that had attacked his baggage train.
Why did Firuz Shah Tughlaq choose not to annex Bengal after his first invasion in 1353?
Answer: The marshy terrain made annexation imprudent.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq declined to annex Bengal following his first invasion, deeming the region's marshy terrain strategically inadvisable for incorporation into the Sultanate.
What was the outcome of Firuz Shah Tughlaq's second invasion of Bengal in 1358?
Answer: A peace treaty was signed with Sikandar Shah.
The second invasion of Bengal in 1358 concluded with the establishment of a peace treaty between Firuz Shah Tughlaq and Sikandar Shah, the ruler of Bengal.
What annual tribute did the Rai of Jajpur (Odisha) promise Firuz Shah Tughlaq after the 1360 invasion?
Answer: An annual tribute of 20 elephants
Following the 1360 invasion of Odisha, the Rai agreed to pay an annual tribute of 20 elephants to Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
What happened to Firuz Shah Tughlaq's horses during the 1362 expedition to Thatta?
Answer: They were lost due to a severe disease.
The expedition to Thatta in 1362 was severely impacted by a disease that caused the loss of a substantial number of the army's horses.
How did Firuz Shah Tughlaq eventually conquer Thatta after his initial retreat?
Answer: By starving the defenders and replenishing his supplies.
After regrouping, Firuz Shah Tughlaq successfully conquered Thatta by implementing a siege strategy that starved the defenders while ensuring his own forces were resupplied.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq is credited with building numerous cities, canals, and public buildings, including the renovation of the Western Yamuna Canal.
Answer: True
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign was marked by extensive construction projects, including the establishment of cities, the digging of canals for irrigation (such as the renovation of the Western Yamuna Canal), and the erection of various public edifices.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq founded the city of Agra.
Answer: False
While Firuz Shah Tughlaq founded several cities, Agra is not among them. His urban foundations include Firozpur, Hisar, Fatehabad, Firozabad, and Jaunpur.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq replaced the top two stories of the Qutb Minar after it was damaged by lightning in 1368.
Answer: True
In 1368, lightning struck the Qutb Minar, causing damage. Firuz Shah Tughlaq subsequently oversaw the replacement of the damaged upper sections.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq transported Ashokan Pillars from Sarnath and Pataliputra to Delhi.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq transported Ashokan Pillars, but they were brought from Meerut and Topra, not Sarnath and Pataliputra.
Firozabad, a city founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, was largely destroyed, with its materials used by subsequent rulers.
Answer: True
Firozabad, one of the cities established by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, suffered significant destruction, with its building materials being repurposed by later rulers.
The city of Fatehabad was founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq in honor of his son Fateh Khan.
Answer: True
Fatehabad, a city established during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign, was named in commemoration of his son, Fateh Khan.
Which city did Firuz Shah Tughlaq found in honor of his son, Fateh Khan?
Answer: Fatehabad
The city of Fatehabad was established by Firuz Shah Tughlaq and named in honor of his son, Fateh Khan.
What significant infrastructure project, involving canals for irrigation, is attributed to Firuz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: Renovation of the Western Yamuna Canal.
Among his notable infrastructure contributions, Firuz Shah Tughlaq is credited with the renovation of the Western Yamuna Canal, a significant project for irrigation.
How did Firuz Shah Tughlaq address the damage to the Qutb Minar caused by lightning in 1368?
Answer: He replaced the damaged top two stories.
Following lightning damage to the Qutb Minar in 1368, Firuz Shah Tughlaq directed the replacement of the uppermost two stories, employing both red sandstone and white marble in the repair.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a city founded or contributed to by Firuz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: Agra
Agra is not listed among the cities founded or developed by Firuz Shah Tughlaq. His urban contributions include Hisar, Firozpur, Fatehabad, Firozabad, and Jaunpur.
What was the fate of Firozabad, one of the cities founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq?
Answer: Its buildings were dismantled for materials by later rulers.
Firozabad, a city founded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, was largely dismantled over time, with its constituent materials being utilized by subsequent rulers for new constructions.
What was the significance of Firuz Shah Tughlaq transporting Ashokan Pillars to Delhi?
Answer: It demonstrated an interest in preserving or displaying historical artifacts.
The act of transporting and re-erecting the Ashokan Pillars signifies Firuz Shah Tughlaq's interest in preserving and showcasing ancient historical artifacts, even those from a preceding era.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq adhered to the Shia Muslim faith.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was a devout Sunni Muslim, adhering to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq banned all forms of worship, including Islamic practices, to enforce secular rule.
Answer: False
Firuz Shah Tughlaq did not ban all forms of worship. Instead, he prohibited specific practices deemed un-Islamic by theologians, such as women worshipping at graves, in an effort to uphold Sharia principles.
During Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign, madrasas were established for Muslim education, and hospitals were opened for the poor.
Answer: True
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign saw the establishment of madrasas to foster Islamic education and the creation of hospitals dedicated to providing free medical care for the indigent.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign was characterized by aggressive religious policies, including the persecution of Hindus, although he also acknowledged the greatness of the Dakshinaarka sun temple.
Answer: True
Historical analysis suggests Firuz Shah Tughlaq's rule involved assertive religious policies and some persecution of Hindus; however, it also notes his recognition and renovation of the Dakshinaarka sun temple in Gaya.
Hindu religious works were translated from Persian to Sanskrit during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's rule.
Answer: False
During Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign, Hindu religious works were translated from Sanskrit into Persian and Arabic, not the other way around.
Which of the following describes Firuz Shah Tughlaq's religious affiliation?
Answer: He was a Sunni Muslim following the Hanafi school.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq was an adherent of Sunni Islam, specifically following the Hanafi school of jurisprudence.
What educational institutions did Firuz Shah Tughlaq establish to promote learning?
Answer: Madrasas for Islamic religious education.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq fostered Islamic religious education through the establishment of madrasas.
Which of the following actions did Firuz Shah Tughlaq take regarding Islamic law?
Answer: He banned practices considered un-Islamic by theologians, like women worshipping at graves.
Firuz Shah Tughlaq implemented measures to uphold Islamic law (Sharia), including prohibiting practices deemed unorthodox by religious scholars, such as women visiting graves for worship.
What literary activity was supported during Firuz Shah Tughlaq's rule?
Answer: Translation of Hindu religious works from Sanskrit to Persian and Arabic.
During Firuz Shah Tughlaq's reign, there was support for scholarly endeavors, including the translation of Hindu religious texts from Sanskrit into Persian and Arabic.
What was Firuz Shah Tughlaq's stance on religious tolerance towards Hindus, as suggested by the source?
Answer: His reign involved aggressive policies and persecution, but he also acknowledged the significance of a Hindu temple.
The historical record suggests Firuz Shah Tughlaq's rule was marked by assertive religious policies and some persecution of Hindus; however, it also notes his acknowledgment and renovation of the Dakshinaarka sun temple.
The *Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi* primarily details Firuz Shah Tughlaq's military campaigns in the Deccan.
Answer: False
While the *Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi* is a significant historical source, it is primarily noted for providing details regarding Firuz Shah Tughlaq's background and early life, rather than exclusively focusing on Deccan campaigns.
The *Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi* is a historical text written by an anonymous chronicler about Firuz Shah Tughlaq's campaigns.
Answer: False
The *Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi* is identified as a work authored by Firuz Shah Tughlaq himself, detailing his reign and policies, rather than being written by an anonymous chronicler.
What was the primary historical source mentioned for Firuz Shah Tughlaq's background and early life?
Answer: Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi
The historical chronicle *Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi* is identified as a principal source providing information concerning Firuz Shah Tughlaq's lineage and formative years.
Which historical text is described as Firuz Shah Tughlaq's own account of his reign and policies?
Answer: Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi
The *Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi* is identified as a significant work authored by Firuz Shah Tughlaq himself, offering his personal account of his reign and administrative decisions.