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George Gawler's military career began after his appointment as Governor of South Australia.
Answer: False
George Gawler commenced his military career in 1810, long before his appointment as Governor of South Australia in 1838. He served in the Peninsular War and at the Battle of Waterloo.
George Gawler was wounded during the Battle of Waterloo.
Answer: False
While George Gawler participated in the Battle of Waterloo, his significant wounding occurred earlier during the Siege of Badajoz in the Peninsular War.
Before his military service, George Gawler attended the Royal Military College for two years.
Answer: True
Prior to entering military service, George Gawler received instruction from a tutor and subsequently attended the Royal Military College in Great Marlow for two years.
During the Siege of Badajoz, George Gawler was wounded and saved by a fellow soldier who survived the incident.
Answer: False
During the Siege of Badajoz, George Gawler was wounded and saved by a fellow soldier who tragically lost his own life in the act of saving Gawler.
In 1837, George Gawler was awarded the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order (KH).
Answer: True
In 1837, George Gawler received the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order (KH), third class.
George Gawler's military service included participation in the Peninsular War and the Battle of Vitoria.
Answer: True
George Gawler's military career encompassed service in the Peninsular War, including engagements such as the Battle of Vitoria, and later the Battle of Waterloo.
The KH honorific awarded to George Gawler signifies a knighthood in the British Empire.
Answer: False
The KH honorific signifies membership in the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, a Hanoverian order of knighthood, not a British Empire knighthood.
What significant military engagement occurred during George Gawler's service in the Peninsular War?
Answer: The Siege of Badajoz
During his service in the Peninsular War, George Gawler participated in the significant military engagement known as the Siege of Badajoz, where he was wounded.
What was the fate of the fellow soldier who saved George Gawler during the Siege of Badajoz?
Answer: He lost his own life while saving Gawler.
During the Siege of Badajoz, the soldier who saved George Gawler from certain death by a bayonet thrust tragically lost his own life in the process.
Which of the following was NOT a military engagement mentioned in George Gawler's career?
Answer: Battle of Trafalgar
George Gawler's military service included participation in the Siege of Badajoz, the Battle of Waterloo, and the Battle of Toulouse, but not the Battle of Trafalgar.
What honor did George Gawler receive in 1837?
Answer: Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order (KH)
In 1837, George Gawler was awarded the Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order (KH), third class.
George Gawler was the first Governor of South Australia, succeeding Captain John Hindmarsh.
Answer: False
George Gawler was the second Governor of South Australia, succeeding Captain John Hindmarsh. His tenure commenced in October 1838.
George Gawler held the positions of Governor and Resident Commissioner concurrently during his tenure in South Australia.
Answer: True
During his governorship of South Australia, George Gawler concurrently served as the Resident Commissioner, overseeing key administrative functions.
Governor Gawler's initial focus was on improving the colony's infrastructure and public services.
Answer: False
Governor Gawler's primary objective upon assuming office was to address delays in rural settlement and the development of primary production, rather than solely infrastructure and public services.
To expedite land surveys, Gawler persuaded Charles Sturt to become the surveyor-general of South Australia.
Answer: True
George Gawler successfully persuaded Charles Sturt to accept the position of surveyor-general, thereby expediting the crucial process of land surveys in South Australia.
The first permanent Government House in South Australia was constructed during Gawler's governorship.
Answer: True
The construction of the first permanent Government House, which now forms the East Wing of the current building, was completed during Governor Gawler's administration.
Queen Victoria was the reigning monarch during George Gawler's governorship (1838-1841).
Answer: True
Queen Victoria ascended to the throne in 1837, and thus was the reigning monarch throughout George Gawler's governorship of South Australia from 1838 to 1841.
Gawler's administration focused on expanding the police force and improving Port Adelaide facilities.
Answer: True
Governor Gawler's administration prioritized strengthening the colony by expanding the police force and enhancing the facilities at Port Adelaide.
Who was George Gawler and what was his primary role in South Australia?
Answer: The second Governor of South Australia and Resident Commissioner.
George Gawler served as the second Governor of South Australia and concurrently as the Resident Commissioner from 1838 to 1841.
When did George Gawler serve as Governor of South Australia?
Answer: 1838 to 1841
George Gawler served as the Governor of South Australia from October 17, 1838, to May 15, 1841.
Who did Governor Gawler persuade to become the Surveyor-General to help with land surveys?
Answer: Charles Sturt
To expedite land surveys, Governor Gawler persuaded Charles Sturt to assume the role of surveyor-general for South Australia.
Which monarch reigned during George Gawler's governorship of South Australia?
Answer: Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria was the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom during George Gawler's governorship of South Australia, which took place from 1838 to 1841.
What infrastructure improvement is specifically cited as a benefit of Gawler's expenditure?
Answer: The construction of the Great Eastern Road.
The construction of the Great Eastern Road is cited as a significant public works project undertaken during or influenced by Gawler's administration, providing essential infrastructure.
What was the primary goal of Governor Gawler upon taking office in South Australia?
Answer: To address delays in rural settlement and primary production.
Governor Gawler's primary objective upon taking office was to address the significant delays and challenges in rural settlement and the development of primary production within the colony.
Upon Governor Gawler's arrival in 1838, South Australia was financially prosperous with ample public funds.
Answer: False
Upon Governor Gawler's arrival in October 1838, South Australia faced severe financial constraints, with virtually no public funds available.
South Australia faced economic challenges in 1840 primarily due to a boom in land sales.
Answer: False
The economic challenges in 1840 were primarily attributed to a significant decrease in land sales and other factors, not a boom.
Gawler attempted to mitigate the economic crisis by increasing public expenditure, which ultimately led to the colony's bankruptcy.
Answer: True
To address the escalating economic crisis, Governor Gawler increased public expenditure. This action, however, contributed significantly to the colony's financial collapse and eventual bankruptcy.
Captain George Grey replaced Governor Gawler and was instructed to increase spending.
Answer: False
Captain George Grey replaced Governor Gawler with a mandate to implement strict economy, not to increase spending, reflecting the British government's concern over Gawler's financial policies.
George Gawler was implicated in the 'Maria massacre' incident of 1840.
Answer: True
George Gawler's reputation was affected by his involvement or the colony's response to the 'Maria massacre' incident in 1840.
The 'Maria massacre' involved the killing of European settlers by Aboriginal people.
Answer: False
The 'Maria massacre' incident in 1840 involved the killing of Aboriginal people by the crew of the brigantine Maria, not the reverse.
Gawler's administration spent over £200,000, exhausting the land fund in London.
Answer: True
The expenditure during Gawler's administration exceeded £200,000, which depleted the land fund held in London and necessitated further financial measures.
George Gawler's annual expenditure as governor was limited to £12,000, with an additional £5,000 emergency credit.
Answer: True
Governor Gawler operated under a stipulated annual expenditure limit of £12,000, supplemented by an emergency credit of £5,000.
Droughts in South Australia itself caused the rise in the cost of living in 1840.
Answer: False
The rise in the cost of living in 1840 was primarily due to droughts affecting other Australian colonies, impacting South Australia's food supply as it was not yet self-sufficient.
The British Parliament converted the loan raised for South Australia after Gawler's term into a gift.
Answer: True
The loan of £155,000 approved by the British Parliament to address the financial crisis following Gawler's governorship was subsequently converted into a gift to the colony.
Upon Gawler's arrival, approximately 4,000 immigrants were living in temporary accommodations.
Answer: True
Upon Governor Gawler's arrival in October 1838, it was noted that approximately 4,000 immigrants were residing in temporary, makeshift accommodations.
Gawler's administration spent over £200,000, exhausting the land fund in London.
Answer: True
The expenditure during Gawler's administration exceeded £200,000, which depleted the land fund held in London and necessitated further financial measures.
What was the condition of South Australia's finances when Governor Gawler arrived?
Answer: Public finances were virtually non-existent.
Upon Governor Gawler's arrival in October 1838, the colony of South Australia was characterized by a severe lack of public funds, with finances being virtually non-existent.
What major economic problem did South Australia face in 1840, exacerbated by droughts in other colonies?
Answer: Increased cost of living due to food scarcity.
In 1840, droughts in other Australian colonies contributed to an increased cost of living in South Australia due to food scarcity, as the colony was not yet self-sufficient.
How did Governor Gawler attempt to address the colony's economic crisis?
Answer: By increasing public expenditure.
Governor Gawler attempted to mitigate the colony's economic crisis by increasing public expenditure, a measure that ultimately contributed to the colony's financial difficulties.
Who was appointed to replace Governor Gawler with a mandate for strict economy?
Answer: George Grey
Captain George Grey was appointed to succeed Governor Gawler, with explicit instructions to enforce strict economy in the administration of the colony.
What was the 'Maria massacre' in 1840?
Answer: The killing of Aboriginal people by the crew of the brigantine Maria.
The 'Maria massacre' in 1840 refers to the incident where the crew of the brigantine Maria perpetrated the killing of numerous Aboriginal individuals.
What was the approximate number of immigrants living in makeshift accommodations upon Gawler's arrival?
Answer: 4,000
Upon Governor Gawler's arrival in October 1838, approximately 4,000 immigrants were found to be living in temporary, makeshift accommodations.
What was the total expenditure during Gawler's governorship, and how was it financed?
Answer: Over £200,000, exhausting the land fund and requiring a loan.
During Gawler's governorship, expenditures exceeded £200,000, exhausting the land fund and necessitating a parliamentary loan to address the financial crisis.
George Gawler was born in 1795 and died in 1869, living to the age of 73.
Answer: True
George Gawler was born on July 21, 1795, and passed away on May 7, 1869, reaching the age of 73.
George Gawler's father, Captain Samuel Gawler, died peacefully of old age in England.
Answer: False
Captain Samuel Gawler, George Gawler's father, was killed in action in Mysore, India, in December 1804, during his military service.
George Gawler married Maria Cox, who was the niece of the famous novelist Samuel Richardson.
Answer: True
George Gawler married Maria Cox in 1820; she was indeed the niece of the notable novelist Samuel Richardson.
While stationed in New Brunswick, Canada, George Gawler and his wife were uninvolved in social or religious activities.
Answer: False
During their time in New Brunswick, Canada, George Gawler and his wife Maria were actively engaged in social and religious charitable work.
The discovery of copper at Burra in 1845 is considered the primary factor in South Australia's long-term economic salvation.
Answer: True
The significant discovery of copper at Burra in 1845 is widely regarded as a pivotal event that contributed substantially to the long-term economic stability and prosperity of South Australia.
After retiring as governor, George Gawler became involved in mining ventures.
Answer: False
Following his retirement from governorship, George Gawler dedicated his time and efforts primarily to religious and charitable works, rather than mining ventures.
In 1845, George Gawler proposed allowing Jews to establish agricultural settlements in Palestine.
Answer: True
In a significant 1845 memorandum, George Gawler advocated for the establishment of Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine as a means of compensation for past hardships.
George Gawler toured Palestine in 1849 with Sir Moses Montefiore.
Answer: True
In 1849, George Gawler accompanied Sir Moses Montefiore on a tour of Palestine, engaging in discussions related to Jewish settlement in the region.
In a 1850 publication, Gawler claimed South Australia was a costly failure under his administration.
Answer: False
In his 1850 publication, George Gawler asserted that South Australia was 'the only cheap and brilliantly successful new colony in modern history' under his administration, contrary to claims of failure.
George Gawler's legacy was initially positive due to his successor's accurate reports.
Answer: False
George Gawler's legacy was initially misjudged, largely because his successor, George Grey, presented a negative portrayal of his predecessor's actions in official dispatches.
Charles Sturt generally believed Gawler's administration benefited the South Australian settlement.
Answer: True
Charles Sturt and other contemporaries generally held the view that Governor Gawler's administration significantly benefited the development of the South Australian settlement.
The town of Gawler and the Gawler River were named after Governor Gawler.
Answer: True
Several geographical locations, including the town of Gawler, the Gawler River, and the Gawler Ranges, were named in honor of Governor George Gawler.
George Gawler contributed minerals and stuffed birds to the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
Answer: True
George Gawler was a benefactor of the Derby Museum and Art Gallery, contributing a collection of minerals and exotic stuffed birds.
George Gawler's gardener, Joseph Whittaker, was responsible for documenting Australian flora for Kew Gardens.
Answer: True
Joseph Whittaker, George Gawler's gardener in Australia, made significant contributions to botany by collecting and sending Australian flora specimens to institutions like Kew Gardens.
Portraits of George Gawler are displayed in the British Museum.
Answer: False
Portraits of George Gawler are displayed in Parliament House, Adelaide, and the City Council Chamber, Adelaide, not the British Museum.
George Gawler's daughter, Julia, married his private secretary, George Hall.
Answer: True
Julia Gawler, George Gawler's daughter, married George Hall, who had served as Governor of Parkhurst Prison and was also George Gawler's private secretary.
Henry Gawler, George Gawler's eldest son, became a prominent politician in South Australia.
Answer: False
Henry Gawler, George Gawler's eldest surviving son, pursued a career as a solicitor and worked in the South Australian Land Titles Office, rather than becoming a prominent politician.
One of George Gawler's grandsons served as a member of parliament in Western Australia.
Answer: True
Douglas Gawler, a grandson of George Gawler, achieved prominence by serving as a member of parliament in Western Australia.
Historian Richard Charles Mills fully exonerated Gawler of any blame for the colony's financial issues.
Answer: False
Historian Richard Charles Mills, while acknowledging the difficult circumstances, suggested that Gawler could not be entirely acquitted of blame for the financial situation, noting he was 'careless and extravagant'.
George Gawler's son Henry worked as a solicitor in the South Australian Land Titles Office.
Answer: True
Henry Gawler, George Gawler's eldest surviving son, pursued a career as a solicitor and worked in the South Australian Land Titles Office.
George Gawler's 1845 proposal regarding Palestine was primarily focused on trade agreements.
Answer: False
George Gawler's 1845 proposal concerning Palestine was primarily focused on advocating for the establishment of Jewish agricultural settlements, not trade agreements.
The Gawler Ranges were named by explorer Edward John Eyre in honor of the governor.
Answer: True
Explorer Edward John Eyre named the Gawler Ranges in honor of Governor George Gawler in 1839.
What discovery significantly contributed to South Australia's long-term economic recovery after Gawler's governorship?
Answer: Rich copper deposits at Burra.
The discovery of rich copper deposits at Burra in 1845 is widely recognized as a crucial factor in South Australia's long-term economic recovery following Governor Gawler's term.
What was George Gawler's main focus after retiring from his governorship?
Answer: Engaging in religious and charitable works.
Following his retirement as governor, George Gawler dedicated his energies primarily to religious and charitable endeavors.
What proposal did George Gawler make in his 1845 memorandum concerning Syria and the East?
Answer: To allow Jews to establish agricultural settlements in Palestine.
In his 1845 memorandum, George Gawler proposed that Jewish individuals be permitted to establish agricultural settlements within Palestine.
In his 1850 publication, how did Gawler describe South Australia under his administration?
Answer: The only cheap and brilliantly successful new colony.
In his 1850 publication, George Gawler characterized South Australia under his administration as 'the only cheap and brilliantly successful new colony in modern history'.
Why was George Gawler's legacy initially misjudged?
Answer: His successor, George Grey, presented a negative portrayal in official dispatches.
George Gawler's legacy was initially misjudged primarily because his successor, George Grey, conveyed a negative portrayal of Gawler's actions and administration in his official dispatches.
Which of the following places was named in honor of George Gawler?
Answer: The Gawler Ranges
The Gawler Ranges, along with the town of Gawler and the Gawler River, were named in honor of Governor George Gawler.
What did George Gawler contribute to the Derby Museum and Art Gallery?
Answer: A collection of minerals and stuffed birds.
George Gawler contributed a collection of minerals and exotic stuffed birds to the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
Who was Joseph Whittaker in relation to George Gawler?
Answer: Gawler's gardener in Australia.
Joseph Whittaker served as George Gawler's gardener in Australia and made notable contributions to the documentation of Australian flora.
Where are portraits of George Gawler currently displayed?
Answer: In Parliament House, Adelaide, and the City Council Chamber, Adelaide.
Portraits of George Gawler are prominently displayed in Parliament House, Adelaide, and the City Council Chamber, Adelaide.
What career did George Gawler's eldest surviving son, Henry, pursue?
Answer: Solicitor in the Land Titles Office.
Henry Gawler, George Gawler's eldest surviving son, pursued a career as a solicitor and worked within the South Australian Land Titles Office.
What criticism did historian Richard Charles Mills level against Gawler's administration?
Answer: Gawler was careless and extravagant with funds.
Historian Richard Charles Mills suggested that Governor Gawler was 'careless and extravagant' with funds, indicating a degree of culpability for the colony's financial issues.
What was the purpose of Gawler's 1849 tour of Palestine?
Answer: To accompany Moses Montefiore and discuss Jewish settlement.
George Gawler's 1849 tour of Palestine was undertaken with Sir Moses Montefiore, focusing on discussions regarding the potential for Jewish settlement in the region.
Who was Maria Cox in relation to George Gawler?
Answer: His wife.
Maria Cox was George Gawler's wife, whom he married in 1820.