Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 7
In linguistic analysis, the category of grammatical number is fundamentally concerned with distinctions in quantity, most commonly differentiating singular and plural referents.
Answer: False
While singular and plural are the most common distinctions, grammatical number encompasses a broader range of quantity distinctions (e.g., dual, paucal) and is not exclusively limited to singular/plural in all languages. Furthermore, it is expressed through morphological and agreement systems, not solely by definition.
All languages universally possess a grammatical number system.
Answer: False
The presence of a grammatical number system is not universal across all languages. Some languages express quantity solely through lexical means, such as numerals or quantifiers, or through other grammatical structures, rather than obligatorily marking number on nouns or related elements.
The singular number denotes a quantity of two or more referents.
Answer: False
The singular number, by linguistic convention, denotes exactly one referent. The category representing two or more referents is the plural.
Pronouns are the part of speech least likely to exhibit a number distinction across languages.
Answer: False
Pronouns are, in fact, among the parts of speech most commonly observed to exhibit number distinctions across a wide variety of languages, often more so than nouns or adjectives.
Semantic number refers to the grammatical marking of quantity through morphology or syntax.
Answer: False
Semantic number refers to the actual quantity of referents, expressed lexically. Grammatical number, conversely, is the linguistic feature that marks quantity through morphology or syntax.
Reduplication is one method used for formal expression of grammatical number.
Answer: True
Reduplication, the process of repeating a part of a word or the entire word, is indeed one of the recognized morphological mechanisms employed by languages to formally express grammatical number.
Grammatical number marking never deviates from the actual quantity of referents.
Answer: False
Grammatical number marking can indeed deviate from the actual quantity of referents. Phenomena such as the use of plural pronouns for singular referents to express respect (e.g., the royal 'we') or grammatical rules treating certain plurals as singular (e.g., Ancient Greek neuter plurals) demonstrate this divergence.
Grammatical number is the actual quantity of referents, expressed lexically.
Answer: False
Grammatical number refers to the linguistic marking of quantity through morphology or syntax, whereas semantic number refers to the actual quantity itself, often expressed lexically. They are distinct concepts.
According to linguistics, what is the primary function of grammatical number?
Answer: To express distinctions in count, such as one, two, or three or more.
The primary function of grammatical number in linguistics is to encode distinctions related to quantity or count, differentiating between singular, plural, and potentially other categories like dual or paucal.
How is grammatical number most commonly expressed in languages?
Answer: Primarily through morphological means like inflection or agreement.
Grammatical number is most frequently expressed through morphological processes, such as altering word endings (inflection) or having related words change form to match (agreement), rather than solely through word order or lexical items.
What is the most common number distinction found in languages like English?
Answer: Singular and Plural
The most pervasive number distinction observed across languages, including English, is between the singular (one referent) and the plural (more than one referent).
Which statement accurately describes the presence of grammatical number across languages?
Answer: Not all languages possess grammatical number as a category.
Linguistic typology demonstrates that grammatical number is not a universal feature; some languages lack this category entirely, relying on other means to convey quantity.
What is the fundamental difference between singular and plural number?
Answer: Singular refers to one item, plural to more than one.
The core distinction lies in quantity: singular denotes a single referent, while plural denotes a quantity exceeding one referent.
Which part of speech is most commonly observed to have a number distinction across languages?
Answer: Pronouns
While number distinctions can appear on various parts of speech, pronouns are frequently cited as the category most consistently exhibiting number marking across diverse languages.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a common method for formal expression of grammatical number?
Answer: Changing word order
While word order is crucial for conveying meaning in many languages, it is not typically listed as a primary method for the *formal morphological expression* of grammatical number, unlike affixation, reduplication, or suppletion.
What is the difference between semantic number and grammatical number?
Answer: Semantic number is the actual quantity; grammatical number is the grammatical marking of quantity.
Semantic number refers to the real-world quantity of referents, whereas grammatical number is the linguistic system (morphology, syntax) used to encode or signal these quantity distinctions.
Which phenomenon describes when grammatical number marking does not perfectly align with the actual quantity of referents?
Answer: Form-meaning mismatch
A 'form-meaning mismatch' occurs when the grammatical form (e.g., plural marking) does not correspond directly or exclusively to the semantic quantity of referents, as seen in cases of politeness marking or grammatical exceptions.
Joseph Greenberg's hierarchy suggests that a language must have a plural before it can have a dual.
Answer: True
Joseph Greenberg's linguistic universal hierarchy posits that if a language possesses a dual number category, it must also possess a plural number category. This implies a dependency where the plural is a prerequisite for the dual.
In languages with an obligatory dual, the plural form can mean two or more items.
Answer: False
In languages that possess an obligatory dual number, the plural form is typically reserved for quantities strictly greater than two, meaning three or more items. The dual specifically denotes exactly two.
The paucal number indicates a precise quantity of 'a few' items.
Answer: False
The paucal number category signifies a small, indefinite quantity, often translated as 'a few.' It does not indicate a precise quantity but rather a quantity that is more than one or two but not necessarily large.
If a language has both dual and paucal numbers, the paucal typically begins at three.
Answer: True
When a language includes both a dual (specifically two) and a paucal (a few) number category, the paucal typically commences its range at three, distinguishing itself from the dual.
The 'greater paucal' number category signifies a quantity of exactly four items.
Answer: False
The 'greater paucal' denotes a larger, inexact group than a standard paucal, rather than signifying a precise quantity of exactly four items. It represents a quantity that is 'more than a few' but not necessarily a large plural.
The quadral number denotes exactly four items and is primarily found in European languages.
Answer: False
While the quadral number does denote exactly four items, its primary documented occurrences are within pronouns in languages of Oceania and in sign languages, not predominantly in European languages.
The quintal number is a grammatical category denoting exactly five items, commonly marked on nouns in most languages.
Answer: False
The quintal number denotes exactly five items, but its presence is primarily noted in pronouns within sign languages, and it is not commonly marked on nouns across most languages.
The 'greater plural' signifies a quantity larger than the standard plural, indicating a very large, often inexact, number.
Answer: True
The 'greater plural' is indeed a grammatical category that denotes a quantity significantly larger than the standard plural, often representing a very large, inexact number of items.
The 'greatest plural' denotes an extremely high or uncountable number of items.
Answer: True
The 'greatest plural' is a number category that signifies a quantity even larger than the 'greater plural,' representing an extremely high or even uncountable number of items.
Distributive plurals view multiple entities as a single unit.
Answer: False
Distributive plurals emphasize the separation or distinctness of multiple entities, viewing them as individual items or in different locations/times. This contrasts with collective plurals, which view multiple entities as a single unit.
A 'conflated number' category combines distinct number distinctions like singular and dual.
Answer: True
A 'conflated number' category refers to a grammatical form that merges or combines the semantic distinctions of two or more separate number categories, such as grouping singular and dual concepts into a single form.
The 'dual of the plural' in Classical Arabic indicates a minimum of four items.
Answer: False
The 'dual of the plural' in Classical Arabic signifies multiple sets of two items, implying a minimum quantity of six items (two sets of three or more, or two sets of two if interpreted loosely). It does not indicate a minimum of four.
The 'plural of the plural' or 'double plural' means that the plural form itself is pluralized to denote multiple groups.
Answer: True
The 'plural of the plural,' also termed the 'double plural,' is a grammatical construction where the standard plural form of a noun is itself pluralized to signify multiple distinct groups or sets of items.
A 'Frankendual' refers to a standard dual number marking found in many languages.
Answer: False
A 'Frankendual' is a linguistic term describing an unusual or constructed dual number system, often resulting from the complex interaction of morphological elements, rather than referring to a standard or common dual marking.
The 'nondual' number category signifies any number except two.
Answer: True
The 'nondual' number category is a linguistic classification that encompasses any quantity other than exactly two. It typically includes singular and plural referents.
In Kiowa, the inverse number marking indicates the number that *is* present.
Answer: False
Inverse number marking, as observed in languages like Kiowa, functions by indicating the number that is *absent* or changed, rather than the number that is present.
Breton uses 'composed numbers' like 'daoulagadou' to mean multiple sets of two items.
Answer: True
Breton employs 'composed numbers,' such as 'daoulagadou,' which combine dual and plural markers to signify multiple sets of two items, illustrating a complex number formation strategy.
The singular-dual distinction groups 'one' and 'two' items into separate grammatical categories.
Answer: False
A singular-dual distinction groups 'one' item into the singular category and 'two' items into a separate dual category. The statement incorrectly suggests they are grouped together.
Distributive plurals emphasize the unity of a group of entities.
Answer: False
Distributive plurals focus on the distinctness or separation of entities within a group, rather than emphasizing their unity. Collective plurals are associated with the concept of unity.
Marshallese pronouns distinguish between singular, dual, trial, and quadral/paucal numbers.
Answer: True
Marshallese pronouns exhibit a complex number system, distinguishing not only singular and plural but also dual, trial, and quadral/paucal categories, reflecting a highly nuanced grammatical treatment of quantity.
According to Joseph Greenberg's hierarchy, what is the relationship between dual and plural number marking?
Answer: A language must have a plural if it has a dual.
Joseph Greenberg's linguistic universal hierarchy proposes that the presence of a dual number category necessitates the presence of a plural number category within a language.
In a language with an obligatory dual, what does the plural form typically signify?
Answer: Three or more items
When a language possesses a distinct dual category for exactly two items, the plural form is conventionally reserved for quantities exceeding two, signifying three or more items.
How does the presence of a dual number typically affect the lower bound of the paucal number?
Answer: The paucal number usually begins at three.
In languages that include both a dual and a paucal number category, the paucal typically commences at a quantity of three, distinguishing it from the dual's specific reference to two.
What distinguishes the 'greater paucal' from the standard paucal number?
Answer: The greater paucal represents a larger inexact group.
The 'greater paucal' signifies a quantity that is larger and more indefinite than a standard paucal, representing a broader range of 'a few' or 'several' items.
The 'quadral' number category denotes:
Answer: Exactly four items
The 'quadral' number category is specifically defined as denoting a quantity of exactly four items.
What does the 'nondual' number category signify?
Answer: Any number except two
The 'nondual' number category encompasses all quantities except for exactly two, typically including singular and plural referents.
In inverse number systems, such as in Kiowa, what does the marking indicate?
Answer: The number that is absent.
Inverse number systems employ grammatical marking to indicate the number that is *not* represented or is changed, rather than the number that is explicitly present.
What is a 'composed number' in grammar, using Breton as an example?
Answer: A number marking that combines dual and plural to mean multiple sets of two.
A 'composed number' is a grammatical category formed by combining distinct number markers. In Breton, 'daoulagadou' combines dual and plural elements to denote multiple pairs.
Which of the following is an example of a complex number system involving more than just singular and plural?
Answer: Marshallese
Marshallese pronouns exhibit a complex number system that includes distinctions beyond singular and plural, such as dual, trial, and quadral/paucal, making it an example of a language with an elaborated number system.
What does the 'plural of the plural' or 'double plural' signify?
Answer: Multiple groups or sets of items.
The 'plural of the plural' or 'double plural' is a grammatical construction used to denote multiple distinct groups or collections of items, effectively pluralizing the plural form itself.
Obligatory plural marking on all nouns is most common in South American languages.
Answer: False
Obligatory plural marking on all nouns is notably prevalent in the languages of Western and Northern Eurasia, as well as in most parts of Africa, rather than being most common in South American languages.
Isolating languages generally show a tendency towards extensive plural marking.
Answer: False
Isolating languages, characterized by a low degree of inflectional morphology, typically exhibit a tendency towards minimal or non-obligatory plural marking, often relying on context or separate lexical items to convey plurality.
Modern Hebrew exclusively uses singular and plural forms for nouns.
Answer: False
While Modern Hebrew primarily utilizes singular and plural forms for nouns, certain nouns, particularly those related to paired body parts or measurements, retain distinct dual forms.
Basque verbs distinguish between four singular persons and three plural persons.
Answer: True
Basque exhibits a complex system of grammatical number. Its nouns are inflected for four number categories (indefinite, definite singular, definite plural, definite close plural), and its verbs distinguish between four singular persons and three plural persons.
In languages like Chinese, number is always explicitly marked on nouns.
Answer: False
Languages such as Chinese, which are largely analytic, typically do not mark number obligatorily on nouns. Plurality is often inferred from context or indicated by specific quantifiers or particles when necessary for clarity.
Analytic languages, like Chinese, often rely on word order or particles to convey number due to less inflection.
Answer: True
Analytic languages, characterized by minimal inflectional morphology, typically employ strategies such as word order and auxiliary particles to convey grammatical information, including number, which is less frequently marked morphologically.
Number particles are typically found in European languages to indicate plurality.
Answer: False
Number particles are more commonly observed in languages of regions such as Australia and Austronesia, rather than being a typical feature for indicating plurality in European languages, which often rely more on inflection or articles.
In Bantu languages, number marking is typically absent on both singular and plural forms.
Answer: False
Bantu languages are known for their robust systems of noun class marking, which often include distinctions related to number. Number marking is generally present, not absent, in both singular and plural forms within these languages.
In languages like Japanese, plurality is always explicitly marked on nouns.
Answer: False
Japanese, like many East Asian languages, typically marks plurality optionally or not at all on nouns. Context, quantifiers, or specific plural markers are used only when emphasis or clarity is required.
Classifiers in Assamese can fuse with the category of number, determining noun quantity.
Answer: True
In Assamese, classifiers play a significant role in determining noun quantity and can integrate with the grammatical category of number, often by attaching as suffixes to nouns or numerals.
In languages with a 'general' number category, the default noun form specifies exact plurality.
Answer: False
In languages featuring a 'general' number category (also known as transnumeral), the default noun form is typically ambiguous regarding number, meaning it can refer to one or more items. Specific singular (singulative) or plural (plurative) forms are then derived or specified when needed.
In which geographical regions is obligatory plural marking on all nouns commonly found?
Answer: Western and Northern Eurasia, and most parts of Africa
The phenomenon of obligatory plural marking on all nouns is frequently observed in the linguistic families of Western and Northern Eurasia, as well as across much of Africa.
How does morphological typology relate to plural marking in isolating languages?
Answer: Isolating languages favor no or non-obligatory plural marking.
Isolating languages, characterized by minimal inflection, generally exhibit a preference for non-obligatory or absent plural marking, relying on context or lexical items rather than morphological affixes.
How do languages like Chinese and Japanese typically handle grammatical number marking?
Answer: Number marking is optional and often indicated by context or quantifiers.
In languages such as Chinese and Japanese, grammatical number marking on nouns is typically optional and conveyed through context, quantifiers, or specific plural markers when clarity or emphasis is required.
What is the typical role of number particles in languages like Tagalog?
Answer: To mark the plural form of a noun.
In languages such as Tagalog, number particles like 'mga' serve as grammatical markers to explicitly indicate the plural form of a noun.
In English, grammatical number affects nouns, pronouns, and verbs, requiring agreement.
Answer: True
Grammatical number is indeed a feature that influences nouns, pronouns, and verbs in English, necessitating agreement. For example, 'cat' (singular noun) corresponds with 'it' (singular pronoun) and 'is' (singular verb form), whereas 'cats' (plural noun) corresponds with 'they' (plural pronoun) and 'are' (plural verb form).
Mass nouns, such as 'milk,' are freely used in both singular and plural forms in English.
Answer: False
Mass nouns, by definition, typically refer to substances or concepts that are not countable and are therefore generally invariant in grammatical number. While count nouns like 'apple' can be 'apples', mass nouns like 'milk' or 'gold' do not typically form plurals in standard usage.
In Xavante, transitive verbs agree with the number of the subject.
Answer: False
Xavante presents a notable exception to subject-verb agreement regarding number; its transitive verbs agree with the number of the object, not the subject.
English demonstratives like 'this' and 'that' change form to 'these' and 'those' to indicate plural number.
Answer: True
English demonstratives exhibit number agreement. The singular forms 'this' and 'that' shift to the plural forms 'these' and 'those,' respectively, when referring to multiple items.
The 'inanimate plural' in Arabic means that plural inanimate objects are treated grammatically as masculine singular.
Answer: False
In Arabic, the 'inanimate plural' rule dictates that plural inanimate objects are treated grammatically as feminine singular, affecting agreement with adjectives and verbs.
Collective nouns like 'team' are always treated as grammatically plural.
Answer: False
Collective nouns, such as 'team,' are often treated as grammatically singular, representing a single unit. However, in certain dialects or contexts (e.g., British English), they can take plural agreement, reflecting agreement 'in sensu' (in meaning).
Number agreement ensures that verbs, adjectives, and determiners match the number of the noun or pronoun they relate to.
Answer: True
Number agreement is a grammatical phenomenon where elements such as verbs, adjectives, and determiners adjust their form to align with the grammatical number (singular, plural, etc.) of the noun or pronoun they modify or predicate.
In French, adjectives agree in number with the nouns they modify, changing form for the plural.
Answer: True
French grammar mandates that adjectives agree in number (and gender) with the nouns they modify. This agreement often involves a change in the adjective's form, typically adding an 's' for the plural.
Consider the sentence: 'Those apples are fresh.' Which parts of speech in this sentence reflect plural number?
Answer: 'Apples', 'those', and 'are'.
In the sentence 'Those apples are fresh,' the noun 'apples,' the demonstrative pronoun 'those,' and the verb 'are' all exhibit plural number, demonstrating agreement across different parts of speech.
Which of the following is an example of a mass noun that is typically invariant regarding grammatical number?
Answer: Gold
'Gold' is a mass noun, referring to a substance. Unlike count nouns such as 'chair,' 'book,' or 'table,' mass nouns are generally not used in plural forms and remain invariant in grammatical number.
What is the primary function of the 'inanimate plural' in Arabic?
Answer: To mark plural inanimate objects as feminine singular.
The grammatical rule known as the 'inanimate plural' in Arabic treats plural nouns referring to non-human entities (inanimate objects or animals) as feminine singular for agreement purposes.
Collective nouns, such as 'team,' are generally considered:
Answer: Often treated as singular, but can take plural agreement in some dialects.
Collective nouns typically function as singular entities, but certain dialects, particularly British English, allow for plural agreement when the focus is on the individual members of the group rather than the group as a unit.
In the sentence 'Those apples are fresh,' the word 'those' demonstrates number agreement as a:
Answer: Pronoun
In this context, 'those' functions as a demonstrative pronoun, agreeing in plural number with the noun 'apples' and the verb 'are'.
The Florida Times-Union was founded in 1883 under the name 'Florida Union'.
Answer: False
The modern newspaper was formed by a merger in 1883. Its predecessor, the 'Florida Union,' was founded much earlier, in 1864, and the merger created 'The Florida Times-Union'.
The newspaper's predecessor, the 'Florida Union', was founded during the American Civil War with a pro-Confederate political alignment.
Answer: False
The 'Florida Union' was founded in 1864 in Union-occupied Jacksonville and was established as a Northern and Republican paper, aligning with the Union cause.
For most of the 20th century, The Florida Times-Union was owned by a partnership of three major railroad companies.
Answer: True
The newspaper was owned by the Florida Publishing Company, which was jointly held by three major railroads: the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, and the Seaboard Air Line Railway, for a significant portion of the 20th century.
Gannett acquired The Florida Times-Union directly from Morris Communications in 2017.
Answer: False
In 2017, Gatehouse Media acquired the newspaper from Morris Communications. Gannett later became the owner by merging with Gatehouse Media in 2019, not directly from Morris Communications in 2017.
Charles H. Jones founded the 'Florida Union' in 1864.
Answer: False
Charles H. Jones founded the 'Florida Daily Times' in 1881. The 'Florida Union' was founded in 1864 by J. K. Stickney and W. C. Morrill.
The modern 'The Florida Times-Union' was created through the merger of two competing papers, the 'Florida Union' and the 'Florida Daily Times'.
Answer: True
The current newspaper was established in 1883 through the merger of two competing Jacksonville papers: the 'Florida Union' and the 'Florida Daily Times'.
The 'Florida Union' consistently operated as a daily publication from its founding until its merger in 1883.
Answer: False
The 'Florida Union' experienced periods of financial difficulty and ownership changes, during which it abandoned daily publication before its format was reinstated by subsequent owners prior to the 1883 merger.
Morris Communications purchased the newspaper from the railroad companies for $120 million in 1983.
Answer: False
In 1983, Morris Communications acquired the Florida Publishing Company, which owned the newspaper, for $200 million, not $120 million. The sellers were not the railroad companies directly, but the Florida Publishing Company.
The 'Florida Daily Times' was started because its founder, Charles H. Jones, was unable to purchase the competing 'Florida Union'.
Answer: True
Charles H. Jones established the 'Florida Daily Times' in 1881 subsequent to H. B. McCallum, the proprietor of the 'Florida Union,' declining his offer to purchase that paper.
The Florida Times-Union is the oldest newspaper in Florida, starting its publication history in 1864.
Answer: True
The Florida Times-Union is widely recognized as Florida's oldest newspaper, tracing its origins back to the founding of the 'Florida Union' in 1864.
The merger that created 'The Florida Times-Union' occurred because the 'Florida Union' became dominant and bought out the struggling 'Florida Daily Times'.
Answer: False
The historical accounts indicate the opposite: the 'Florida Daily Times' achieved dominance, leading its owner to purchase the struggling 'Florida Union,' culminating in their merger.
The ownership of the newspaper by railroads ended when CSX Transportation was formed.
Answer: False
The railroad ownership concluded in 1983 with the sale of the Florida Publishing Company to Morris Communications. CSX Transportation is a successor entity to two of the original railroad owners but was not the direct cause of the ownership change.
The first edition published under the combined 'The Florida Times-Union' name was on February 4, 1883.
Answer: True
Following the merger of the 'Florida Union' and the 'Florida Daily Times,' the inaugural publication under the consolidated title 'The Florida Times-Union' occurred on February 4, 1883.
The 'Florida Union' was sold to H. B. McCallum in 1876, who then converted it from a daily back to a weekly paper.
Answer: False
When H. B. McCallum acquired the 'Florida Union' in 1876, it had already ceased daily publication. McCallum's action was to reinstate it as a daily morning paper, not convert it back to weekly.
After being acquired by Morris Communications in 1983, the 'Times-Union' became the smallest paper in the Morris chain.
Answer: False
Following its acquisition by Morris Communications in 1983, the 'Times-Union' became the largest newspaper within the Morris chain, not the smallest.
Both CSX Transportation and the Florida East Coast Railway, whose predecessors once owned the newspaper, still have their headquarters in Jacksonville.
Answer: True
The predecessors of CSX Transportation (Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line) and the Florida East Coast Railway were among the original railroad owners of the newspaper. Both successor companies maintain their headquarters in Jacksonville.
Who were the original founders of the 'Florida Union' in 1864?
Answer: J. K. Stickney and W. C. Morrill
The 'Florida Union,' established in 1864, was founded by J. K. Stickney and W. C. Morrill.
In what year did the merger that formed the modern 'The Florida Times-Union' take place?
Answer: 1883
The merger of the 'Florida Union' and the 'Florida Daily Times,' resulting in the formation of 'The Florida Times-Union,' occurred in 1883.
Which company acquired The Florida Times-Union from Morris Communications in 2017?
Answer: Gatehouse Media
In October 2017, Gatehouse Media finalized its acquisition of The Florida Times-Union from Morris Communications as part of a broader transaction.
What was the political alignment of the 'Florida Union' when it was founded in 1864?
Answer: Northern and Republican
Established during the Civil War in Union-occupied territory, the 'Florida Union' adopted a Northern and Republican political stance.
What prompted Charles H. Jones to start the 'Florida Daily Times' in 1881?
Answer: The owner of the 'Florida Union' refused to sell the paper to him.
Charles H. Jones initiated the 'Florida Daily Times' after H. B. McCallum, the owner of the rival 'Florida Union,' declined his offer to purchase the paper.
For how much money did Morris Communications acquire the Florida Publishing Company in 1983?
Answer: $200 million
Morris Communications acquired the Florida Publishing Company, including 'The Florida Times-Union,' in 1983 for a sum of $200 million.
Which group of entities jointly owned the newspaper for most of the 20th century?
Answer: Three major railroad companies
For the majority of the 20th century, the Florida Publishing Company, owner of the newspaper, was jointly held by three significant railroad entities serving Jacksonville.
How did Gannett become the current owner of the newspaper in 2019?
Answer: By merging with the previous owner, Gatehouse Media.
Gannett assumed ownership of The Florida Times-Union following its 2019 merger with Gatehouse Media, the company that had acquired the newspaper in 2017.
Which of the following best describes the newspaper's alignment in its early years after the 1883 merger?
Answer: Partisan and supportive of the railroad industry
In its initial years following the 1883 merger, 'The Florida Times-Union' actively promoted the interests of the railroad industry, indicating a partisan alignment.
Which of these individuals owned the 'Florida Union' and unsuccessfully tried to make it a daily publication?
Answer: Edward M. Cheney
Edward M. Cheney, who purchased the 'Florida Union' in 1867, attempted to establish it as a daily publication but was unsuccessful in sustaining that format.
Which two railroads, whose predecessors co-owned the newspaper, still have headquarters in Jacksonville?
Answer: CSX Transportation and the Florida East Coast Railway
The successor companies to two of the original railroad owners, CSX Transportation and the Florida East Coast Railway, both maintain their headquarters in Jacksonville.
The first edition of 'The Florida Times-Union' was published on what date?
Answer: February 4, 1883
The inaugural publication under the combined title 'The Florida Times-Union' occurred on February 4, 1883, following the merger of its predecessor newspapers.
After its acquisition by Morris Communications, what was the 'Times-Union's' status within the company?
Answer: The flagship and largest newspaper in the chain
Upon its acquisition by Morris Communications in 1983, 'The Florida Times-Union' became the largest and flagship publication within the company's portfolio.
Which owner of the 'Florida Union' successfully made it a daily paper, only to see it decline and abandon that format by 1876?
Answer: Walton, Fowle & Co. / C. F. Mawbey
In 1873, Walton, Fowle & Co., with C. F. Mawbey taking control, successfully converted the 'Florida Union' to a daily format. However, by 1876, the paper faced decline and reverted to a non-daily status.
Which individual bought the 'Florida Union' in 1876 and returned it to a daily morning paper format?
Answer: H. B. McCallum
H. B. McCallum acquired the 'Florida Union' in 1876 and subsequently reinstated it as a daily morning publication.
Which of these was NOT one of the three original railroad companies that jointly owned the Florida Publishing Company?
Answer: CSX Transportation
The original three railroad owners were the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, and the Seaboard Air Line Railway. CSX Transportation is a modern successor entity formed from the consolidation of some of these lines.
In the early 1970s, The Florida Times-Union was using hot metal typesetting technology for its production process.
Answer: True
Photographic evidence from 1972 depicts employees utilizing linotype machines, a form of hot metal typesetting, indicating its continued use in the newspaper's production during that period.
The newspaper's headquarters are located in the Wells Fargo Center in Jacksonville.
Answer: True
As of April 1, 2019, The Florida Times-Union relocated its primary offices to the Wells Fargo Center, situated in downtown Jacksonville.
A photograph from 1911 provides a historical view of the newspaper's pressroom and printing technology from that era.
Answer: True
A photograph dated 1911 offers a historical perspective on the pressroom operations and printing technology employed by 'The Florida Times-Union' during the early 20th century.
Where were The Florida Times-Union's printing operations moved to in 2018?
Answer: The facilities of The Gainesville Sun and The Daytona Beach News-Journal
In 2018, local printing operations ceased in Jacksonville and were relocated to the printing facilities of 'The Gainesville Sun' and 'The Daytona Beach News-Journal'.
To where did The Florida Times-Union relocate its main offices on April 1, 2019?
Answer: The Wells Fargo Center in downtown Jacksonville
On April 1, 2019, 'The Florida Times-Union' moved its main offices to the Wells Fargo Center, located in downtown Jacksonville.
What technology, shown in a 1972 photograph, was the newspaper using for production?
Answer: Linotype machines
A photograph from 1972 illustrates employees operating linotype machines, indicating the newspaper's reliance on hot metal typesetting technology during that period.
According to a Florida Press Association citation, the newspaper's circulation is approximately 49,633.
Answer: False
The citation from the Florida Press Association reported the circulation figure as 27,818, not 49,633.
The Florida Times-Union is currently owned by Gannett and edited by Paul Runnestrand.
Answer: True
Current information indicates that The Florida Times-Union is owned by Gannett, a major publishing corporation, and its editor is Paul Runnestrand.
The newspaper's official website is floridatimesunion.com.
Answer: False
The official web domain for The Florida Times-Union is listed as jacksonville.com, not floridatimesunion.com.
The newspaper's ISSN, a unique identifier for serial publications, is 49633482.
Answer: False
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for The Florida Times-Union is 0740-2325. The number 49633482 is its OCLC number.
The Florida Times-Union is a tabloid-format newspaper.
Answer: False
The Florida Times-Union is published in a broadsheet format, which is distinct from the smaller tabloid format.
What is the name of the current editor of The Florida Times-Union?
Answer: Paul Runnestrand
The current editor of The Florida Times-Union is identified as Paul Runnestrand.
What was the reported circulation of The Florida Times-Union according to the provided data?
Answer: 27,818
A citation referencing the Florida Press Association indicates that the circulation of The Florida Times-Union was reported as 27,818.
What is the official website for The Florida Times-Union?
Answer: jacksonville.com
The official website designated for The Florida Times-Union is jacksonville.com.
What is the newspaper's International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)?
Answer: 0740-2325
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) assigned to The Florida Times-Union is 0740-2325.
What is the OCLC number for The Florida Times-Union?
Answer: 49633482
The OCLC (Online Computer Library Center) number, a bibliographic identifier, for The Florida Times-Union is 49633482.