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Gran Colombia officially came into existence with the Congress of Angostura in 1819.
Answer: False
While Gran Colombia was proclaimed at the Congress of Angostura in 1819, it officially came into existence with the promulgation of the Constitution of Cúcuta in 1821.
The term "Gran Colombia" is the official name used in historical documents from the time of its existence.
Answer: False
The official name of the state was the Republic of Colombia. The term 'Gran Colombia' is a historical designation used by scholars to differentiate it from the modern Republic of Colombia.
Gran Colombia's territory exclusively comprised present-day Colombia and Venezuela.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia's territory encompassed a much larger area than just present-day Colombia and Venezuela, including mainland Ecuador, Panama, parts of northern Peru, and northwestern Brazil.
The name "Colombia" originates from the surname of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
Answer: False
The name "Colombia" is derived from the surname of Christopher Columbus, not Ferdinand Magellan.
Francisco de Miranda envisioned "Colombia" as a name solely for the territory of modern-day Colombia.
Answer: False
Francisco de Miranda proposed the name "Colombia" to refer to the entire New World region of the Western Hemisphere, not solely the territory of modern-day Colombia.
Gran Colombia's population after independence was higher than its estimated population before independence.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia's population after independence (2,583,799) was lower than its estimated pre-independence population (2,900,000).
Indigenous peoples constituted a small minority, less than 10%, of Gran Colombia's population shortly after independence.
Answer: False
Indigenous peoples constituted approximately 50% of Gran Colombia's population shortly after independence.
According to 1824 data, the District of Ecuador (Distrito del Sur) had the largest population among Gran Colombia's three main districts.
Answer: False
According to 1824 data, the Distrito del Centro (New Granada) had the largest population, not the Distrito del Sur (Ecuador).
Gran Colombia based its territorial claims primarily on the principle of *uti possidetis*, respecting existing colonial administrative boundaries.
Answer: True
Gran Colombia based its territorial claims primarily on the legal principle of *uti possidetis*, which involved respecting existing administrative boundaries established during the colonial era.
Gran Colombia united the territories of the Viceroyalty of Peru and the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia united territories such as Venezuela, New Granada, Panama, and Quito, but not the Viceroyalty of Peru or the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
After its proclamation, Gran Colombia was initially organized with five departments: Cundinamarca, Venezuela, Quito, Cauca, and Magdalena.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia was initially organized administratively into three departments: Cundinamarca, Venezuela, and Quito, not five.
Gran Colombia claimed territory that included parts of northern Peru and northwestern Brazil, and asserted claims over the Essequibo region.
Answer: True
Gran Colombia's territorial claims extended to include parts of northern Peru and northwestern Brazil, alongside assertions over the Essequibo region, reflecting its expansive ambitions.
The "Admirable Campaign" was a military campaign led by Antonio José de Sucre in 1813.
Answer: False
The 'Admirable Campaign' was a significant military undertaking during the independence wars in 1813, but it was not led by Antonio José de Sucre; it contributed to the broader liberation efforts.
The Battle of Boyacá, fought in August 1819, was a decisive victory for Simón Bolívar's forces during the campaign to liberate New Granada.
Answer: True
The Battle of Boyacá in August 1819 was a decisive victory for Simón Bolívar's forces, marking a critical moment in the campaign to liberate New Granada and the broader cause of independence.
What was the official name of the state commonly referred to as Gran Colombia?
Answer: The Republic of Colombia
The official name of the state commonly referred to as Gran Colombia was the Republic of Colombia.
Which of the following territories was NOT part of the vast area encompassed by Gran Colombia?
Answer: Present-day Bolivia
While Gran Colombia encompassed territories including present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, parts of northern Peru, and northwestern Brazil, present-day Bolivia was not part of its vast territorial extent.
Gran Colombia officially came into being with the promulgation of which document in 1821?
Answer: The Constitution of Cúcuta
Gran Colombia officially came into being with the promulgation of the Constitution of Cúcuta by the Congress of Cúcuta in 1821.
The name "Colombia" was proposed by Francisco de Miranda to refer to what geographical area?
Answer: The entire New World region of the Western Hemisphere
Francisco de Miranda proposed the name 'Colombia' to refer to the entire New World region of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the territories under Spanish colonial rule.
How did Gran Colombia's population after independence compare to its population before independence?
Answer: It decreased, being lower than the pre-independence figure
Gran Colombia's population after independence, recorded at 2,583,799, was lower than its estimated pre-independence population of 2,900,000.
What proportion of Gran Colombia's population consisted of indigenous peoples shortly after independence?
Answer: Approximately 50%
Indigenous peoples constituted approximately 50% of Gran Colombia's population shortly after independence.
Which district had the largest population in Gran Colombia according to the 1824 data?
Answer: Distrito del Centro (New Granada)
According to 1824 data, the Distrito del Centro (New Granada) had the largest population among Gran Colombia's three main districts, with 1,373,110 inhabitants.
The legal principle Gran Colombia used to claim its territory, respecting existing colonial boundaries, was known as:
Answer: Uti Possidetis
Gran Colombia based its territorial claims primarily on the legal principle of *uti possidetis*, which involved respecting existing administrative boundaries established during the colonial era.
Which of the following administrative entities was NOT united under Gran Colombia?
Answer: The Viceroyalty of Peru
Gran Colombia united territories such as the United Provinces of New Granada, the Presidency of Quito, and the Third Republic of Venezuela, but it did not encompass the Viceroyalty of Peru.
Gran Colombia was initially organized administratively into how many departments?
Answer: Three
Gran Colombia was initially organized administratively into three departments: Cundinamarca, Venezuela, and Quito.
The territorial claims of Gran Colombia extended beyond its core modern nations to include parts of:
Answer: Northern Peru and northwestern Brazil
Beyond its core modern nations, Gran Colombia's territorial claims extended to include parts of northern Peru and northwestern Brazil.
What does the concept of "Patria Grande" signify in a South American context?
Answer: A unified or greater Latin America, often linked to Bolívar's ideals
In the South American context, 'Patria Grande' signifies the concept of a unified or greater Latin America, frequently associated with the ideals of Simón Bolívar and broader pan-nationalist movements.
The "Admirable Campaign" mentioned in the source occurred during which period?
Answer: The independence wars, specifically in 1813
The 'Admirable Campaign' occurred during the independence wars, specifically in the year 1813.
What was the significance of the Battle of Boyacá in August 1819?
Answer: It was a decisive victory for Simón Bolívar's forces during the campaign to liberate New Granada
The Battle of Boyacá in August 1819 was a decisive victory for Simón Bolívar's forces, marking a critical moment in the campaign to liberate New Granada.
Gran Colombia was initially established as a decentralized federal state.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia was initially established as a unitary centralist state, concentrating power within a central government rather than distributing it among regional entities.
The primary political division within Gran Colombia was between proponents of a strong presidency and those favoring a federal state.
Answer: True
The fundamental political division within Gran Colombia centered on the conflict between advocates for a strong, centralized presidency and those who favored a decentralized, federal form of government.
Ecuador experienced significant economic grievances within Gran Colombia, including suffering from competition with cheaper imported textiles.
Answer: True
Ecuador experienced notable economic grievances within Gran Colombia, particularly its textile industry facing competition from cheaper imported goods, alongside political dissatisfaction regarding representation in the central government.
Venezuela was the region within Gran Colombia that showed the least support for a federal arrangement.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, Venezuela exhibited the strongest support for a federal arrangement within Gran Colombia, influenced by liberal sentiments and key political figures.
The Convention of Ocaña in 1828 aimed to establish a new constitution based on a federal model, but failed due to disagreements.
Answer: False
The Convention of Ocaña in 1828 was convened to discuss Gran Colombia's future constitution. President Simón Bolívar proposed a new constitutional model, but the convention ultimately failed due to significant disagreements and delegate walkouts.
Following the failure of the Convention of Ocaña, Simón Bolívar successfully centralized his constitutional powers to prevent the union's collapse.
Answer: False
Although Simón Bolívar sought to centralize his constitutional powers after the failure of the Convention of Ocaña in an effort to preserve the union, he was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving this objective.
According to the Constitution of Cúcuta, the president of Gran Colombia served only as the head of the central government.
Answer: False
According to the Constitution of Cúcuta, the president served as the head of both the central and local executive branches, not solely the central government.
Suffrage in Gran Colombia was universal, allowing all adult citizens to vote regardless of property ownership.
Answer: False
Suffrage in Gran Colombia was restricted, requiring voters to possess property valued at 100 pesos or demonstrate an equivalent income from a profession; elections were conducted indirectly.
During Simón Bolívar's frequent absences, Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander wielded significant executive power.
Answer: True
During President Simón Bolívar's frequent absences, Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander wielded significant executive power, effectively governing the state.
The political divisions within Gran Colombia were significantly represented by the differing views of which two key leaders?
Answer: Francisco de Paula Santander and Simón Bolívar
The significant political divisions within Gran Colombia were largely represented by the differing perspectives of President Simón Bolívar, who favored a strong presidency, and Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander, who advocated for constitutional rule and a federal state.
Which grievance was particularly significant for Ecuador within Gran Colombia?
Answer: Lack of representation in the central government and competition for its textile industry
Ecuador experienced significant economic and political grievances, including its textile industry's struggle against competition from cheaper imported goods and a perceived underrepresentation in the central government.
What was the primary objective of the Convention of Ocaña in 1828?
Answer: To discuss and potentially revise Gran Colombia's constitution
The Convention of Ocaña in 1828 was convened to discuss Gran Colombia's future constitution and potential revisions.
What action did Simón Bolívar take following the failure of the Convention of Ocaña?
Answer: He sought to centralize his constitutional powers, though unsuccessfully
Following the failure of the Convention of Ocaña, Simón Bolívar sought to centralize his constitutional powers in an effort to preserve the union, though he was ultimately unsuccessful.
What restriction applied to suffrage in Gran Colombia according to the Constitution of Cúcuta?
Answer: Suffrage was limited to those owning property valued at 100 pesos or having equivalent income
According to the Constitution of Cúcuta, suffrage in Gran Colombia was restricted, requiring voters to possess property valued at 100 pesos or demonstrate an equivalent income from a profession.
During Simón Bolívar's frequent absences, who wielded significant executive power in Gran Colombia?
Answer: Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander
During President Simón Bolívar's frequent absences, Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander wielded significant executive power, effectively governing Gran Colombia.
Gran Colombia successfully maintained its unity until its dissolution in 1831 due to persistent political differences and regional tensions.
Answer: True
Gran Colombia ultimately dissolved in 1831 because persistent political differences and escalating regional tensions proved insurmountable, preventing the maintenance of unity.
After its dissolution, Gran Colombia broke apart into the Republics of Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
Answer: False
Following its dissolution, Gran Colombia fragmented into the Republic of Colombia (initially New Granada), the Republic of Ecuador, and the Republic of Venezuela, not Peru, Bolivia, or Chile.
The "Cosiata" was a revolt led by Simón Bolívar in 1826 against the central government.
Answer: False
The 'Cosiata' was a revolt against the central government of Gran Colombia, but it was led by José Antonio Páez, not Simón Bolívar.
What was the main reason cited for the eventual dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1831?
Answer: Persistent political differences and growing regional tensions
The primary reason cited for Gran Colombia's dissolution in 1831 was the persistence of internal political differences, particularly between centralist and federalist factions, compounded by escalating regional tensions.
Which three states emerged directly from the dissolution of Gran Colombia?
Answer: Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela
Upon its dissolution, Gran Colombia fragmented into three primary successor states: the Republic of Colombia (initially the Republic of New Granada), the Republic of Ecuador, and the Republic of Venezuela.
The revolt known as the "Cosiata" in 1826 signified defiance against the central government, primarily originating from which region?
Answer: Venezuela
The 'Cosiata,' a revolt against the central government of Gran Colombia in 1826, primarily originated from Venezuela.
European powers like Austria, France, and Russia readily recognized Gran Colombia's independence without conditions.
Answer: False
European powers such as Austria, France, and Russia did not readily recognize Gran Colombia's independence without conditions; they conditioned recognition on the acceptance of European monarchs and had disagreements regarding territorial boundaries.
Gran Colombia was the last Spanish American republic to be recognized by the United States.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia was the first Spanish American republic to receive recognition from the United States, facilitated by the diplomatic efforts of Manuel Torres.
Gran Colombia's army played a minor role in the final consolidation of Peru's independence.
Answer: False
Gran Colombia's army played a crucial role, not a minor one, in consolidating Peru's independence, achieving decisive victories in 1824.
The Gran Colombia-Peru War was primarily caused by disputes over territorial claims in the regions of Jaén and Maynas.
Answer: True
The Gran Colombia-Peru War, initiated in 1828, stemmed directly from Gran Colombia's territorial claims over the Peruvian regions of Jaén and Maynas.
The Treaty of Guayaquil concluded the Gran Colombia-Peru War in 1829, establishing new borders based on mutual agreement.
Answer: True
The Gran Colombia-Peru War was formally concluded in 1829 with the signing of the Treaty of Guayaquil, which established the terms of peace between the involved parties.
Peru viewed the dissolution of Gran Colombia as a reason to uphold all prior treaty obligations with the former entity.
Answer: False
Peru's perspective was that the dissolution of Gran Colombia rendered prior treaties void, effectively considering the successor states as starting with a clean diplomatic slate.
The flags of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, successor states of Gran Colombia, share no commonalities.
Answer: False
The flags of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, the successor states of Gran Colombia, share notable similarities, reflecting their common origin and the legacy of Gran Colombia's own flag.
Who facilitated the recognition of Gran Colombia as the first Spanish American republic by the United States?
Answer: Manuel Torres
The diplomatic efforts of Manuel Torres were instrumental in facilitating the United States' recognition of Gran Colombia as the first Spanish American republic.
What significant role did Gran Colombia's army play in 1824?
Answer: It played a crucial role in consolidating the independence of Peru
In 1824, Gran Colombia's army played a crucial role in consolidating the independence of Peru, achieving decisive victories.
The Gran Colombia-Peru War (1828-1829) was primarily triggered by disputes over which territories?
Answer: Jaén and Maynas
The Gran Colombia-Peru War was primarily triggered by territorial disputes over the regions of Jaén and Maynas.
What was Peru's perspective on treaty obligations following the dissolution of Gran Colombia?
Answer: Peru viewed treaties as void, starting with a clean diplomatic slate
Peru's perspective was that the dissolution of Gran Colombia rendered prior treaties void, effectively considering the successor states as starting with a clean diplomatic slate.
Which historical entity serves as a comparative example of a similar fate to Gran Colombia, experiencing fragmentation after its formation?
Answer: The Federal Republic of Central America
The Federal Republic of Central America is cited as a comparable historical entity that experienced fragmentation and dissolution after its formation, similar to Gran Colombia.