Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 5
György Dózsa was a Hungarian nobleman who led a revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1514.
Answer: False
György Dózsa was a Székely man-at-arms who led a peasants' revolt against the landed nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary, not directly against the Ottoman Empire, although the crusade was initially intended for that purpose.
György Dózsa died at the age of 43-44 due to natural causes in Temesvár.
Answer: False
György Dózsa died at the age of 43-44 in Temesvár, but his death was a result of torture, not natural causes.
György Dózsa was of Romanian ethnic origin and was also known as Gheorghe Doja.
Answer: False
György Dózsa was of Székely origin, an ethnic Hungarian subgroup. While he was also known as Gheorghe Doja, his primary ethnic identification was Székely.
György Dózsa had a younger brother named Gergely Dózsa who was executed alongside him.
Answer: True
Historical accounts confirm that György Dózsa's younger brother, Gergely Dózsa, was indeed executed alongside him as part of the brutal suppression of the revolt.
During Dózsa's youth, peasants in Hungary experienced a period of peace and low taxation under King Matthias Corvinus.
Answer: False
During Dózsa's youth, Hungary experienced significant social upheaval, oppressive taxation, and numerous small rebellions, particularly under King Matthias Corvinus and his successors.
A 1507 court document definitively proves György Dózsa committed a violent robbery and murder at a market in Medgyes.
Answer: False
While a 1507 court document refers to a 'Georgius Dosa Siculus de Makfalva' involved in such a crime, the source explicitly states it remains unclear if this was the same György Dózsa.
György Dózsa gained recognition for defeating Ali of Epeiros, an Ottoman champion, in a duel.
Answer: True
According to legend, György Dózsa distinguished himself by defeating Ali of Epeiros, the feared Ottoman champion, in a duel during the defense of Nándorfehérvár.
King Vladislaus II rewarded Dózsa for his heroism with a noble title, a village, and a large sum of gold coins.
Answer: True
King Vladislaus II rewarded Dózsa with a noble title, a village of forty households, and two hundred gold coins for his victory against the Ottoman champion.
Historian Márki supports the claim that Dózsa murdered a royal tax collector and stole three thousand gold coins before arriving at court.
Answer: False
Historian Márki disputes this claim, arguing that if Dózsa had committed such an act of treason, the court would have executed him rather than rewarding him.
The 1677 seal of the Dózsa family depicts a lion rampant, symbolizing strength and nobility.
Answer: False
The 1677 seal of the Dózsa family depicts a bleeding, cut-off arm holding a sword, not a lion rampant.
Márki's suggested genealogy of the Dózsa family is considered definitively proven by the source.
Answer: False
The source states that Márki's suggested genealogy of the Dózsa family is not considered sufficiently proven.
What was György Dózsa's primary historical role for which he is widely recognized?
Answer: The leader of a significant peasants' revolt against the landed nobility.
Where and when did György Dózsa die?
Answer: Temesvár, Transylvania, on July 20, 1514.
What was György Dózsa's ethnic origin?
Answer: Székely
Who among Dózsa's family was executed alongside him?
Answer: His younger brother, Gergely Dózsa.
What characterized the social and political climate in Hungary during Dózsa's youth?
Answer: Significant social upheaval, oppressive taxation, and numerous small rebellions.
According to legend, what notable act did György Dózsa perform during his mercenary career?
Answer: He defeated Ali of Epeiros, the Ottoman champion, in a duel.
How did King Vladislaus II reward Dózsa for his victory against the Ottoman champion?
Answer: A noble title, a village of forty households, and two hundred gold coins.
What does the 1677 seal of the Dózsa family depict?
Answer: A bleeding, cut-off arm holding a sword.
The peasant crusade Dózsa led was initially authorized by King Vladislaus II to suppress internal rebellions.
Answer: False
The peasant crusade was initially authorized by Pope Leo X with the goal of driving the Ottomans out of Europe, not to suppress internal rebellions.
Treasurer István Telegdy advocated for recruiting commoners for the crusade, believing they would be a valuable military asset.
Answer: False
Treasurer István Telegdy believed recruiting commoners was unwise due to financial strain, agricultural impact, and their limited military value, advocating instead for noble 'banderiums'.
Early religious reform ideologies, such as those of Jan Hus, had no significant influence on the peasant volunteers in Hungary.
Answer: False
Early religious reform ideologies, particularly Jan Hus's teachings, had been present in Hungary for decades and influenced many peasant volunteers who joined the crusade with social and political goals.
Within two weeks of Franciscan recruitment efforts, approximately 15,000 volunteers had assembled for the crusade.
Answer: True
After a slow start, Franciscan recruitment efforts led to approximately 15,000 volunteers assembling in the camp at Pest within two weeks.
Archbishop Bakócz easily found a popular and experienced noble commander for the peasant crusade.
Answer: False
Choosing a commander was problematic for Archbishop Bakócz because no noble was popular enough among the peasants, and lords scorned commoners, making it difficult to find a suitable leader.
Tithes were redirected to fund the peasant crusade after the party favoring it won the debate among the barons.
Answer: True
After the debate among the barons, King Vladislaus II arranged for tithes to be redirected to fund the operations of the peasant crusade.
What was the initial purpose of the peasant crusade that Dózsa eventually led?
Answer: To drive the Ottomans out of Europe.
Why was choosing a commander for the crusade problematic for Archbishop Bakócz?
Answer: No noble was popular enough among the peasants, and lords scorned commoners.
What was the role of tithes in funding the peasant crusade?
Answer: They were redirected to fund the operations of the crusade.
Dózsa's army consisted primarily of well-trained noble cavalry and professional soldiers.
Answer: False
Dózsa's army primarily consisted of 'hajdú,' which were peasants, wandering students, friars, and parish priests, not well-trained noble cavalry or professional soldiers.
The peasant movement shifted from a crusade against the Ottomans to a revolt against the nobility because the nobility failed to provide military leadership.
Answer: True
The shift occurred because the nobility failed in their primary societal function of providing military leadership, combined with their maltreatment of peasant families, fueling anti-landlord sentiment.
Franciscan friars were instrumental in reinforcing loyalty to Dózsa's uprising by threatening religiously minded peasant soldiers with excommunication.
Answer: True
Franciscan friars, acting as ideologues, effectively threatened religiously minded peasant soldiers with excommunication if they betrayed the 'holy crusader movement,' thereby reinforcing loyalty.
The Dózsa rebellion remained confined to the peasantry and did not involve towns or other social groups.
Answer: False
The rebellion grew more dangerous when towns began joining the peasants' side, and cavalry were unhorsed at city gates, indicating its expansion beyond just the peasantry.
Dózsa's army was exclusively Hungarian in its ethnic composition.
Answer: False
Dózsa's army was ethnically diverse, with approximately 40% consisting of Slovaks, Rusyns, Romanians, and Serbs, and potentially a small number of Germans.
King Vladislaus II responded to the rebellion by offering amnesty to peasants who returned home.
Answer: False
King Vladislaus II issued a proclamation commanding peasants to return home under penalty of death, not offering amnesty.
What was the primary composition of Dózsa's army?
Answer: Primarily peasants, wandering students, friars, and parish priests.
What was the primary reason the peasant movement shifted from a crusade against the Ottomans to a revolt against the nobility?
Answer: The nobility failed to provide military leadership and maltreated peasant families.
Who was one of Dózsa's most notable elected co-leaders, a Franciscan friar and parish priest?
Answer: Laurence Mészáros
According to Sándor Márki, what was one of the radical social goals of Dózsa and his co-leaders?
Answer: To abolish the nobility and equally distribute noble and Church lands among peasants.
How did Franciscan friars contribute to the cohesion of Dózsa's uprising?
Answer: They threatened religiously minded peasant soldiers with excommunication if they betrayed the movement.
What was a significant consequence of the rebellion expanding beyond the peasantry?
Answer: Towns began joining the peasants' side, and cavalry were unhorsed at city gates.
Which ethnic groups, besides Hungarians, were part of Dózsa's army?
Answer: Slovaks, Rusyns, Romanians, and Serbs.
What was King Vladislaus II's immediate reaction to the growing rebellion?
Answer: He issued a proclamation commanding peasants to return home under penalty of death.
What does Dózsa's speech at Cegléd declare him to be?
Answer: The mighty champion valiant, head and captain of the blessed people of the Crusaders, only King of Hungary - but not subject of the Lords.
After capturing Csanád, Dózsa demonstrated his leniency by releasing the bishop and castellan unharmed.
Answer: False
After capturing Csanád, Dózsa signaled his victory by impaling the bishop and the castellan, demonstrating extreme vengeance.
Dózsa consistently executed all captured noblemen without exception.
Answer: False
Dózsa generally only executed noblemen who were particularly vicious or greedy, releasing those who submitted freely on parole and sometimes assisting their escape.
Cegléd served as the central hub for Dózsa's peasant revolt, with all raids originating from there.
Answer: True
Dózsa's camp at Cegléd was the central hub of the 'jacquerie,' and all raids in the surrounding area originated from this strategic location.
Dózsa's army acquired cannons and trained gunners after seizing fortresses like Arad and Lippa.
Answer: True
During the summer, Dózsa seized fortresses such as Arad and Lippa, and in doing so, managed to acquire cannons and trained gunners, enhancing his army's capabilities.
What significant act did Dózsa commit after capturing Csanád?
Answer: He impaled the bishop and the castellan.
How did Dózsa generally treat noblemen who submitted freely during the rebellion?
Answer: He released them on parole and sometimes assisted their escape.
What was the strategic significance of Dózsa's camp at Cegléd?
Answer: It served as the central hub for all raids in the surrounding area.
What military resources did Dózsa acquire after seizing fortresses like Arad and Lippa?
Answer: Cannons and trained gunners.
Dózsa's execution involved being seated on a heated iron throne and forced to wear a heated iron crown and sceptre.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that Dózsa was executed by being seated on a smouldering, heated iron throne and forced to wear a heated iron crown and sceptre.
Dózsa's defeat was primarily due to his army's superior numbers but lack of morale.
Answer: False
Dózsa's defeat was primarily due to his ill-armed ploughmen being outmatched by the heavy cavalry of the nobles, not a lack of morale despite superior numbers.
The remaining rebels were forced to bite and swallow Dózsa's flesh, and those who refused were released.
Answer: False
The remaining rebels were forced to bite and swallow Dózsa's flesh, but those who refused were dismembered, not released.
The Dózsa rebellion significantly weakened Hungary, contributing to the success of the 1526 Ottoman invasion.
Answer: True
The revolt's suppression politically disunited the Hungarian people and disillusioned the peasantry, significantly aiding the 1526 Ottoman invasion.
The Tripartitum, created after the Dózsa rebellion, abolished serfdom and granted equal rights to all social classes.
Answer: False
The Tripartitum elaborated on old peasant rights but significantly enhanced the status of the lesser nobility, creating a rigid social divide that persisted until serfdom's abolition in 1848, rather than abolishing it or granting equal rights.
György Dózsa's memory served as a role model for subsequent peasant uprisings in Hungarian historiography.
Answer: True
In Hungarian historiography, Dózsa's memory served as a role model for later peasant uprisings, such as Jovan of Czerni's revolt and the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt.
The Virgin Mary Monument in Timișoara commemorates Dózsa's martyrdom, with a legend of Mary's image appearing in his ear.
Answer: True
The Virgin Mary Monument in Timișoara marks the site of Dózsa's martyrdom, and a legend states that Mary's image appeared in his ear during his torture.
During the Communist regime in Romania, Dózsa's image was used to emphasize his Hungarian nationalist ties.
Answer: False
During the Communist regime in Romania, Dózsa's image was used to emphasize his strong anti-feudal character and align with Communist ideology, while his Hungarian aspect was downplayed.
The Tripartitum was a set of laws that significantly reduced the status of the lesser nobility in Hungary.
Answer: False
The Tripartitum significantly enhanced the status of the lesser nobility (gentry), rather than reducing it.
György Dózsa's portrait appeared on a 1975 20 forint banknote, indicating his historical recognition in Hungary.
Answer: True
Dózsa's portrait on the 1975 20 forint banknote signifies his recognition as a significant historical figure in Hungary.
Which of the following was NOT part of György Dózsa's execution?
Answer: Being burned at the stake as a heretic.
What was the primary reason for Dózsa's ultimate defeat at Temesvár?
Answer: His ill-armed ploughmen were outmatched by the heavy cavalry of the nobles.
What was one of the immediate consequences of the revolt's suppression for the peasantry?
Answer: Approximately 70,000 peasants were tortured.
What was the long-term impact of the Dózsa rebellion on Hungarian law and social structure?
Answer: It created the Tripartitum, enhancing the status of the lesser nobility and establishing a rigid social divide.
How has György Dózsa been remembered in Hungarian historiography?
Answer: As a role model for subsequent peasant uprisings.
What monument commemorates Dózsa's martyrdom in Timișoara?
Answer: The Virgin Mary Monument.
How was Dózsa's image utilized during the Communist regime in Romania?
Answer: To emphasize his strong anti-feudal character and align with Communist ideology.
What was the 'Tripartitum'?
Answer: A new set of laws that enhanced the status of the lesser nobility.
What did the 1975 20 forint banknote featuring Dózsa's portrait signify?
Answer: His recognition as a significant historical figure in Hungary.