Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 6
Harmonization is the process of adding chordal accompaniment to a musical melody.
Answer: True
Harmonization is defined as the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody, involving the use of chords and melodies together to create harmony by stacking scale tones as triads.
A harmonized musical scale is constructed by using each scale note as the root for a chord, built using notes from the same scale.
Answer: True
A harmonized musical scale is created by taking each note of a musical scale and using it as the root note for a chord, with the remaining tones within that same scale used to build the rest of the chord.
In a harmonized major scale, the second, third, and sixth scale degrees typically form major triads.
Answer: False
When a major scale is harmonized, the second, third, and sixth scale degrees typically form minor triads, not major triads.
The seventh degree of a harmonized major scale results in a diminished chord.
Answer: True
In the harmonization of a major scale, the seventh scale degree forms a diminished triad.
Harmonizing a minor scale (Aeolian mode) produces a major chord on the fifth scale degree.
Answer: False
Harmonizing a minor scale (Aeolian mode) produces a minor chord on the fifth scale degree, not a major chord.
The third scale degree of a harmonized minor scale (Aeolian mode) results in a major chord.
Answer: True
When a minor scale (Aeolian mode) is harmonized, the third scale degree forms a major chord.
A single melodic tone, such as E, can only be harmonized in one specific way.
Answer: False
A single melodic tone can be harmonized in multiple ways, depending on its function within different accompanying chords, such as being a root, third, or ninth.
Harmonization is the process of adding chordal accompaniment to a musical melody.
Answer: True
Harmonization is defined as the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody, involving the use of chords and melodies together to create harmony by stacking scale tones as triads.
What is the fundamental definition of harmonization in music?
Answer: The addition of chordal accompaniment to a musical melody.
Harmonization is fundamentally defined as the process of adding chordal accompaniment to a musical melody.
How is a harmonized musical scale constructed according to the source?
Answer: Each scale note is used as the root for a chord, built using other tones from the same scale.
A harmonized musical scale is constructed by using each scale note as the root for a chord, built using other tones from the same scale.
Which of the following chord qualities is NOT typically found when harmonizing a major scale (Ionian mode)?
Answer: Augmented triad on the fifth degree (V)
When harmonizing a major scale, the fifth scale degree typically forms a major triad (V) or a dominant seventh chord, not an augmented triad.
According to the source, what chord quality is formed on the seventh degree of a harmonized minor scale (Aeolian mode)?
Answer: Major
The seventh degree of a harmonized minor scale (Aeolian mode) results in a major chord.
How can a single melodic tone like 'E' be harmonized?
Answer: As the root of E major, the third of C major, or the ninth of D minor seventh, among other possibilities.
A single melodic tone, such as E, can be harmonized in various ways, including as the root of E major, the third of C major, or the ninth of D minor seventh.
Reharmonization involves altering an existing chord progression to accompany a musical melody.
Answer: True
Reharmonization is the technique of altering an existing chord progression that accompanies a melodic line, often to introduce new musical interest or variety.
When reharmonizing a melodic line, it is sufficient to consider only the individual melodic tones that occur over a given harmony.
Answer: False
When reharmonizing, it is crucial to consider all melodic tones occurring over a harmony and how they interact with the new chords, not just individual notes.
A potential issue in reharmonization is a new chord creating dissonant intervals with multiple notes in the melody.
Answer: True
A new chord in reharmonization can create undesirable dissonances with multiple melodic tones, requiring careful consideration and handling.
In jazz, reharmonization primarily means changing the tempo of a standard tune.
Answer: False
In jazz, reharmonization typically involves fitting a new chord progression to an existing melody, often referred to as altering the 'changes,' rather than changing the tempo.
Reharmonizing 'changes' in jazz often requires altering the melody to fit the new chord progression.
Answer: True
The complex harmonic alterations and modulations in jazz reharmonization, such as in 'Countdown,' often necessitate adapting the original melody to align with the new chord progression.
What is the primary purpose of reharmonization as described in the text?
Answer: To introduce musical interest, provide variety, or create new sections within a piece.
The primary purpose of reharmonization is to introduce musical interest, provide variety, or create new sections within a musical piece.
What crucial consideration must be made when reharmonizing an entire melodic line?
Answer: Considering how all melodic tones interact with the new accompanying chords to avoid or create specific dissonances.
When reharmonizing an entire melodic line, it is crucial to consider how all melodic tones interact with the new accompanying chords to manage dissonances.
Which of the following is a potential issue when reharmonizing a melody with a new chord progression?
Answer: The new chord might create dissonant intervals with multiple tones in the melodic line.
A potential issue in reharmonization is that a new chord might create dissonant intervals with multiple tones present in the melodic line.
In the context of jazz, what does reharmonization typically involve?
Answer: Fitting a new chord progression to an existing melody.
In jazz, reharmonization typically involves fitting a new chord progression to an existing melody, often altering the tune's 'changes'.
What is the primary difference between harmonization and reharmonization?
Answer: Harmonization is the initial process of adding chords to a melody; reharmonization alters an existing harmonic structure.
Harmonization is the initial process of adding chords to a melody, while reharmonization involves altering an existing harmonic structure.
Chord substitution, particularly tritone substitution, is a prevalent technique in jazz reharmonization.
Answer: True
Chord substitution, especially tritone substitution, is a common and influential technique employed in jazz reharmonization.
Tritone substitution involves replacing a dominant seventh chord with another dominant seventh chord a tritone away.
Answer: True
Tritone substitution replaces a dominant seventh chord with another dominant seventh chord whose root is a tritone away, leveraging the shared third and seventh intervals.
The effectiveness of tritone substitution relies on the shared third and seventh intervals between the original and substituted dominant seventh chords.
Answer: True
Tritone substitution is effective because the third and seventh intervals of a dominant seventh chord are enharmonically equivalent to the seventh and third of the dominant seventh chord a tritone away.
In a Dm7-G7-Cmaj7 progression, substituting Dā7 for G7 creates a Dm7-Dā7-Cmaj7 sequence that maintains harmonic function while adding chromaticism.
Answer: True
Substituting Dā7 for G7 in a Dm7-G7-Cmaj7 progression creates a Dm7-Dā7-Cmaj7 sequence that maintains harmonic function and adds chromaticism.
Tritone substitution cannot be applied to major seventh chords.
Answer: False
Tritone substitution can be applied to major seventh chords, as seen in examples like reharmonizing Dm7-G7-Cmaj7 to Dm7-Dāmaj7-Cmaj7.
Substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression is noted for imparting a 'bluesy' sound.
Answer: True
Substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression typically imparts a characteristic 'bluesy' sound.
Planing is a reharmonization technique involving moving a chord or chord tone chromatically or by a tritone while maintaining its shape.
Answer: True
Planing is a reharmonization technique where a chord or chord tone is moved chromatically or by a tritone, preserving its shape and voicing.
Adding a minor seventh to a planed chord, like CāÆm7, can function as the ii chord in a ii-V-I turnaround.
Answer: True
Adding a minor seventh to a planed chord, such as CāÆm7, can indeed function as the ii chord in a ii-V-I turnaround, potentially resolving to FāÆ major.
What is a prevalent technique used in jazz reharmonization?
Answer: Chord substitution, particularly tritone substitution
Chord substitution, especially tritone substitution, is a prevalent technique used in jazz reharmonization.
What is tritone substitution?
Answer: Replacing a dominant seventh chord with another dominant seventh chord whose root is a tritone away.
Tritone substitution is a technique where a dominant seventh chord is replaced by another dominant seventh chord whose root is a tritone away.
Why is tritone substitution effective in jazz standards with II-V-I progressions?
Answer: It maintains harmonic function while introducing chromaticism and smooth bass movement.
Tritone substitution is effective in II-V-I progressions because it maintains harmonic function while introducing chromaticism and smooth bass movement.
How can tritone substitution be applied to major seventh chords?
Answer: A major seventh chord can be substituted for a dominant seventh chord a tritone away, creating a Dm7-Dāmaj7-Cmaj7 progression.
Tritone substitution can be applied to major seventh chords, for example, by substituting a dominant seventh chord a tritone away, as in the Dm7-Dāmaj7-Cmaj7 progression.
What effect does substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression typically have?
Answer: It adds a characteristic 'bluesy' sound.
Substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression typically adds a characteristic 'bluesy' sound.
What is the technique known as 'planing'?
Answer: Moving a chord or chord tone up or down, chromatically or by a tritone, while maintaining its shape.
Planing is a reharmonization technique involving moving a chord or chord tone chromatically or by a tritone while maintaining its shape.
What is the role of the interval between the third and seventh of a dominant seventh chord in tritone substitution?
Answer: It is a tritone, which is enharmonically equivalent to the tritone in the substituted chord.
The interval between the third and seventh of a dominant seventh chord is a tritone, which is enharmonically equivalent to the tritone in the substituted chord, making the substitution effective.
In jazz reharmonization, what is the effect of substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression?
Answer: It adds a characteristic 'bluesy' sound.
Substituting a seventh chord for the fourth degree in a major key progression typically adds a characteristic 'bluesy' sound.
Jazz harmony typically simplifies its functional analysis into three primary functions: tonic, subdominant, and dominant.
Answer: True
Jazz harmony often simplifies its functional analysis into three primary functions: tonic, subdominant, and dominant, contrasting with classical harmony's more complex categories.
In jazz harmony, the 'dominant' function is characterized by creating tension that strongly leads back to the tonic.
Answer: True
The dominant harmonic function in jazz is characterized by its creation of tension that strongly resolves or leads back to the tonic.
Based on functional harmony in jazz, the tonic chord can be substituted for the sixth or third degree chords.
Answer: True
According to functional harmony in jazz, the tonic chord can be substituted for the sixth or third degree chords, maintaining harmonic movement.
Joseph Schillinger and Nicolas Slonimsky introduced the concept of multi-tonic systems based on an equal division of the octave.
Answer: True
The concept of multi-tonic systems, which involves deriving tonics from an equal division of the octave, was introduced by theorists Joseph Schillinger and Nicolas Slonimsky.
'Coltrane changes' refers to a harmonic technique involving multi-tonic systems based on augmented or diminished seventh chords.
Answer: True
'Coltrane changes' describes a harmonic technique utilizing multi-tonic systems, often based on augmented or diminished seventh chords, as a reharmonization tool.
The four-tonic system in jazz harmony is based on tonics derived from a diminished seventh chord.
Answer: True
The four-tonic system in jazz harmony is based on tonics derived from a diminished seventh chord, expanding upon multi-tonic concepts.
How does jazz harmony's functional analysis typically differ from classical harmony's?
Answer: Jazz simplifies its functional analysis into three primary functions: tonic, subdominant, and dominant.
Jazz harmony typically simplifies its functional analysis into three primary functions (tonic, subdominant, dominant), contrasting with classical harmony's more complex system.
Which of the following best describes the 'dominant' harmonic function in jazz?
Answer: It creates tension that strongly leads back to the tonic.
The dominant harmonic function in jazz is characterized by creating tension that strongly leads back to the tonic.
According to functional harmony in jazz, which substitution is mentioned as valid?
Answer: The second degree chord can be substituted for the fourth degree chord.
According to functional harmony in jazz, the second degree chord can be substituted for the fourth degree chord, among other valid substitutions.
The concept of multi-tonic systems, deriving tonics from an equal division of the octave, was introduced by which theorists?
Answer: Joseph Schillinger and Nicolas Slonimsky
The concept of multi-tonic systems, deriving tonics from an equal division of the octave, was introduced by theorists Joseph Schillinger and Nicolas Slonimsky.
What does the term 'Coltrane changes' refer to?
Answer: A harmonic technique involving multi-tonic systems based on augmented or diminished seventh chords.
The term 'Coltrane changes' refers to a harmonic technique involving multi-tonic systems based on augmented or diminished seventh chords.
What is the 'four-tonic system' in jazz harmony based upon?
Answer: Tonics derived from a diminished seventh chord.
The 'four-tonic system' in jazz harmony is based upon tonics derived from a diminished seventh chord.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the 'dominant' harmonic function in jazz?
Answer: It generates tension that strongly leads back to the tonic.
A key characteristic of the 'dominant' harmonic function in jazz is its generation of tension that strongly leads back to the tonic.
Art Tatum is recognized as a pioneer in the development of jazz reharmonization.
Answer: True
Art Tatum is recognized as a pioneer of reharmonization in jazz, with later musicians like Coltrane, Davis, and Evans further exploring its possibilities.
John Coltrane and Miles Davis were among the first musicians to extensively explore jazz reharmonization techniques.
Answer: True
Musicians such as John Coltrane, Miles Davis, and Bill Evans were among the first to extensively explore the possibilities of jazz reharmonization, building upon the work of pioneers like Art Tatum.
McCoy Tyner is noted for using pentatonic scales a tritone apart in his work with John Coltrane.
Answer: True
McCoy Tyner is recognized for his extensive use of planing and for employing pentatonic scales a tritone apart, notably in his collaborations with John Coltrane.
John Coltrane's composition 'Giant Steps' is known for its harmonic structure based on a three-tonic system derived from an augmented triad.
Answer: True
'Giant Steps' is renowned for its harmonic structure, featuring a three-tonic system built upon the B augmented triad, representing a significant departure in jazz harmony.
The reharmonization of 'Countdown' is based on Miles Davis's 'Tune Up', and it involves significant harmonic alterations.
Answer: True
'Countdown' is a 'Coltrane changes' version of Miles Davis's 'Tune Up', featuring altered chord progressions and frequent modulations.
Tommy Flanagan, the pianist on the original recording of 'Giant Steps', found its harmonic structure easy to navigate.
Answer: False
The harmonic structure of 'Giant Steps' was reportedly challenging for pianist Tommy Flanagan on the original recording, suggesting he was adapting to its unconventional nature.
Who is identified in the source as a pioneer of reharmonization in jazz?
Answer: Art Tatum
Art Tatum is identified in the source as a pioneer of reharmonization in jazz.
Which of the following musicians is NOT mentioned as an explorer of jazz reharmonization possibilities?
Answer: Duke Ellington
The source mentions John Coltrane, Miles Davis, and Bill Evans as explorers of jazz reharmonization, but Duke Ellington is not listed in this context.
Which jazz musician is cited for using improvised planing in the tune 'Chameleon'?
Answer: Herbie Hancock
Herbie Hancock is cited for using improvised planing in his tune 'Chameleon'.
John Coltrane's composition 'Giant Steps' is famous for its use of what harmonic system?
Answer: A three-tonic system based on an augmented triad.
'Giant Steps' is famous for its harmonic structure, which features a three-tonic system based on an augmented triad.
How does the reharmonization of 'Countdown' relate to Miles Davis's 'Tune Up'?
Answer: 'Countdown' is a 'Coltrane changes' version of 'Tune Up', involving altered chord progressions and modulations.
The reharmonization of 'Countdown' is based on Miles Davis's 'Tune Up', incorporating 'Coltrane changes' with altered chord progressions and modulations.
The harmonic structure of John Coltrane's 'Giant Steps' reportedly presented challenges for which musician on the original recording?
Answer: Tommy Flanagan
The harmonic structure of John Coltrane's 'Giant Steps' reportedly presented challenges for pianist Tommy Flanagan on the original recording.
The 'See also' section in the article lists 'Chord progression' and 'Harmonic rhythm' as related topics.
Answer: True
The 'See also' section provides related topics such as Chord progression and Harmonic rhythm, offering avenues for further exploration of harmonization concepts.
A ii-V-I turnaround is a sequence of chords where the tonic chord is followed by the dominant and then the subdominant.
Answer: False
A ii-V-I turnaround is a sequence where a minor seventh chord (ii) is followed by a dominant seventh chord (V), which then resolves to a tonic chord (I).
The circle of fifths is a sequence of musical keys where each key is a perfect fifth above the previous one.
Answer: True
The circle of fifths is a sequence of musical keys where each key is a perfect fifth above the previous one, and it relates to progressions and techniques like tritone substitution in jazz.
Basso continuo is a type of accompaniment common in Baroque music, featuring a bass line and figured bass realized by a keyboard instrument.
Answer: True
Basso continuo is a type of accompaniment characteristic of Baroque music, involving a bass line and figured bass realized by a keyboard instrument.
An Alberti bass is a pattern of broken chords typically found in classical music.
Answer: True
An Alberti bass is a common pattern of broken chords used as accompaniment, particularly prevalent in classical music.
What is the primary role of a rhythm section in a musical ensemble?
Answer: To provide the rhythmic and harmonic foundation.
The primary role of a rhythm section in a musical ensemble is to provide the rhythmic and harmonic foundation for the music.
What distinguishes a chord progression from a single chord?
Answer: A chord is a combination of notes played simultaneously, while a chord progression is a sequence of chords.
A chord is a set of notes played simultaneously, whereas a chord progression is a sequence of these chords played over time.
What does 'harmonic rhythm' refer to in music?
Answer: The rate at which chords change within a composition.
Harmonic rhythm refers to the rate at which chords change within a musical composition, influencing the piece's pace and texture.
What is a 'ii-V-I turnaround' in jazz music?
Answer: A sequence of chords consisting of a minor seventh chord (ii), a dominant seventh chord (V), and a tonic chord (I).
A 'ii-V-I turnaround' in jazz music is a sequence of chords comprising a minor seventh chord (ii), a dominant seventh chord (V), and a tonic chord (I).
What does the term 'enharmonically equivalent' mean in music theory?
Answer: Two different names for the same musical pitch.
In music theory, 'enharmonically equivalent' means two different names refer to the same musical pitch, such as CāÆ and Dā.
What is basso continuo?
Answer: A Baroque accompaniment involving a bass line and figured bass realized by a keyboard instrument.
Basso continuo is a type of accompaniment common in Baroque music, featuring a bass line and figured bass realized by a keyboard instrument.
What is an Alberti bass?
Answer: A type of broken chord accompaniment pattern common in classical music.
An Alberti bass is a pattern of broken chords typically found in classical music, creating a flowing accompaniment.
What is the purpose of the 'See also' section in the provided article?
Answer: To list related topics and concepts for further exploration.
The purpose of the 'See also' section is to list related topics and concepts for further exploration by the reader.