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The House of Montfort-Brittany originated as a direct descendant of the main Capetian dynasty.
Answer: False
While ultimately connected to the Capetian dynasty through the House of Dreux, the House of Montfort-Brittany was a cadet branch, not a direct descendant of the main Capetian line.
John of Montfort founded the House of Montfort-Brittany in 1322, inheriting the title of Count of Montfort from his father.
Answer: False
John of Montfort founded the House of Montfort-Brittany in 1322, but he inherited the title of Count of Montfort from his mother, Yolande of Dreux, not his father.
The House of Montfort-Brittany primarily held the title of Duke of Normandy.
Answer: False
The primary title held by the House of Montfort-Brittany was Duke of Brittany. While they held other titles like Count of Montfort and Earl of Richmond, Duke of Normandy was not their principal domain.
The House of Montfort-Brittany was a branch of the House of Dreux, which was itself a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
Answer: True
This lineage demonstrates a clear hierarchical connection: Montfort-Brittany derived from Dreux, which in turn was a significant branch of the ruling Capetian dynasty of France.
From which older noble house did the House of Montfort-Brittany originate as a cadet branch?
Answer: House of Dreux
The House of Montfort-Brittany originated as a cadet branch of the House of Dreux, a lineage with strong ties to the ducal house of Brittany and the French monarchy.
Who is recognized as the founder of the House of Montfort-Brittany?
Answer: John of Montfort
John of Montfort is credited with establishing the House of Montfort-Brittany, initiating its claim and eventual rule over the Duchy of Brittany.
What was the primary territory ruled by the House of Montfort-Brittany?
Answer: The Duchy of Brittany
The House of Montfort-Brittany's principal domain and the seat of their ducal power was the Duchy of Brittany.
The succession crisis following Duke John III's death in 1341 directly led to the House of Montfort-Brittany claiming the ducal title.
Answer: True
Duke John III's death without a direct heir in 1341 initiated a complex succession dispute, which John of Montfort leveraged to assert his claim to the ducal throne.
Charles of Blois and his wife, Joan of Dreux, were the primary supporters of the House of Montfort-Brittany during the War of Succession.
Answer: False
Charles of Blois and Joan of Dreux were the principal rivals and antagonists of the House of Montfort-Brittany during the War of Succession, supported by the French Crown.
King Edward III of England provided support for John of Montfort's claim to the Duchy of Brittany.
Answer: True
The English monarch, Edward III, offered crucial military and political support to John of Montfort, intertwining the Breton succession dispute with the broader Hundred Years' War.
The Breton War of Succession was entirely separate from the larger conflict between England and France.
Answer: False
The Breton War of Succession became deeply entangled with the Hundred Years' War, with England backing the Montfort claim and France supporting the Blois-Penthièvre claim.
After John of Montfort's death, his wife, Joanna of Flanders, abandoned the claim to the duchy.
Answer: False
Following John of Montfort's death, his wife, Joanna of Flanders, vigorously continued the struggle for the ducal title on behalf of their young son, John IV.
What event directly precipitated the rise of the House of Montfort-Brittany to power in the Duchy?
Answer: The death of Duke John III without a direct heir
The demise of Duke John III without a clear successor created a power vacuum and initiated the succession crisis that allowed John of Montfort to contend for the ducal title.
Who were the principal rivals of John of Montfort during the Breton War of Succession?
Answer: Duchess Joan of Dreux and Charles of Blois
John of Montfort's primary adversaries were Joan of Dreux, the niece of the late Duke John III, and her husband, Charles of Blois, who represented a competing claim supported by the French Crown.
Which English monarch supported John of Montfort's claim to the Duchy of Brittany?
Answer: King Edward III
King Edward III of England provided crucial military and political backing to John of Montfort, integrating the Breton conflict into the larger Anglo-French struggle.
How was the Breton War of Succession connected to the broader Anglo-French conflict?
Answer: It became intertwined with the Hundred Years' War, with opposing sides backed by England and France.
The Breton War of Succession served as a proxy conflict within the Hundred Years' War, with England supporting the Montfort faction and France backing the Blois faction.
The House of Montfort-Brittany, a prominent Breton-French noble lineage, held continuous rule over the Duchy of Brittany from 1365 to 1514.
Answer: True
The House of Montfort-Brittany governed the Duchy of Brittany throughout this period, marking a significant era in Breton history.
The Estates of Brittany were established in 1352 and later served as the duchy's primary legislative body.
Answer: True
The Estates of Brittany, formed during the War of Succession, evolved into a significant representative assembly that played a role in the duchy's governance.
Under the Montfort-Brittany dukes, Brittany maintained full integration with the French crown, losing all autonomy.
Answer: False
Despite acknowledging the French crown, the Montfort dukes largely maintained Brittany's autonomy, preserving its distinct status within the Kingdom of France.
John IV, Duke of Brittany, was exiled in 1373 because his own nobles deserted him.
Answer: True
John IV faced significant internal opposition, leading to his nobles abandoning him and forcing his exile in 1373.
The French king's attempt to annex Brittany in 1378 caused the Bretons to recall John IV from exile.
Answer: True
The French Crown's direct attempt to absorb Brittany into its royal domain provoked the Breton nobility, who then invited John IV back from exile to defend their duchy's sovereignty.
The second Treaty of Guérande in 1381 declared Brittany's full alliance with England.
Answer: False
The second Treaty of Guérande established Brittany's neutrality in the conflict between England and France, rather than a full alliance with England.
In 1420, Olivier de Blois kidnapped Duke John V, but John's wife, Joan of France, secured his release.
Answer: True
Duke John V was indeed kidnapped by Olivier de Blois, but his wife, Joan of France, orchestrated his rescue, leading to the confiscation of the Penthièvre family's holdings.
Francis II seized the county of Penthièvre from its heiress in 1465, weakening the rival family.
Answer: True
Francis II consolidated ducal power by confiscating the county of Penthièvre from its heiress, Nicole de Bretagne-Blois, thereby diminishing the influence of the rival lineage.
What was the primary period during which the House of Montfort-Brittany reigned in the Duchy of Brittany?
Answer: 1365 to 1514
The House of Montfort-Brittany maintained continuous rule over the Duchy of Brittany from the mid-14th century until the early 16th century.
What was the primary function of the Estates of Brittany after their establishment in 1352?
Answer: To act as a representative assembly, evolving into the Duchy's parlement
Established during a period of turmoil, the Estates of Brittany developed into a representative body that contributed to the duchy's governance and administration.
How did Brittany generally function under the Montfort-Brittany dukes in relation to France?
Answer: It maintained significant autonomy, bordering on independence.
While acknowledging fealty to the French Crown, the Montfort dukes governed Brittany with a substantial degree of autonomy, preserving its distinct political identity.
What led to John IV, Duke of Brittany, being forced into exile in England in 1373?
Answer: His own nobles deserted him.
Internal political instability and the desertion of his own nobility compelled John IV to seek refuge in England in 1373.
Which action by the French king prompted the Breton nobility to recall John IV from exile?
Answer: The king attempted to annex Brittany directly into the French crown lands.
The French king's aggressive move to annex Brittany directly into the royal domain galvanized the Breton nobility, leading them to recall John IV to defend their duchy's autonomy.
What was the main provision of the second Treaty of Guérande in 1381 concerning Brittany?
Answer: Brittany was declared neutral in the conflict between England and France.
The second Treaty of Guérande formalized Brittany's neutral status in the ongoing Anglo-French conflict, although the Duke continued to pay homage to the French king.
In the 1420 incident, who kidnapped Duke John V, and who secured his release?
Answer: Kidnapped by Olivier de Blois, released by Joan of France
Duke John V was abducted by Olivier de Blois, but his wife, Joan of France, successfully orchestrated his liberation, leading to punitive measures against the Penthièvre family.
What action did Francis II take in 1465 regarding the Penthièvre family?
Answer: He seized the county of Penthièvre from its heiress.
Francis II consolidated ducal authority by confiscating the county of Penthièvre from its heiress, Nicole de Bretagne-Blois, thereby diminishing the power of this rival lineage.
Francis II, the last male Montfort ruler, designated his son as his successor.
Answer: False
Francis II, the final male ruler of the Montfort line, designated his daughter, Anne of Brittany, as his successor, establishing the precedent for female ducal rule.
Anne of Brittany's succession abrogated claims from the Penthièvre and Rohan families.
Answer: True
Upon her ascension, Anne of Brittany's claim, supported by Breton law and custom, superseded the claims of the Penthièvre and Rohan families, consolidating her rule.
A treaty in 1488 granted Anne of Brittany the right to choose her own husband.
Answer: False
The treaty signed in 1488, following military conflict, actually granted the King of France the right to determine Anne of Brittany's marriage, significantly impacting her agency.
Anne of Brittany's marriage to Charles VIII of France strengthened Brittany's independence.
Answer: False
Anne's marriage to Charles VIII, while politically significant, marked a period of increasing French influence and a decline in Brittany's independent status.
After Charles VIII's death, Anne of Brittany immediately remarried Louis XII to secure Brittany's autonomy.
Answer: False
While Anne of Brittany did remarry Louis XII after Charles VIII's death, the primary motivation was to maintain the union of Brittany with the French crown, not necessarily to secure its autonomy, which was diminishing.
Anne of Brittany married Louis XII, Charles VIII's successor, to maintain the union of Brittany with the French crown.
Answer: True
This strategic marriage ensured that Brittany remained closely tied to the French monarchy, solidifying the political union between the duchy and the kingdom.
The union of Brittany and France solidified when Anne's daughter Claude married Francis I.
Answer: True
The marriage of Claude of Brittany to Francis I of France was a pivotal event that further cemented the integration of Brittany into the French realm.
Jean de Brosse asserted a claim to the Duchy of Brittany after the death of Duke Francis II.
Answer: True
Following Francis II's death, Jean de Brosse, a descendant of the rival Penthièvre line, put forth a claim to the ducal title.
Anne of Brittany died in 1514, leaving the duchy to her younger daughter, Claude.
Answer: False
Anne of Brittany died in 1514, bequeathing the Duchy of Brittany to her elder daughter, Claude, who subsequently married Francis I of France.
After Anne of Brittany, the Montfort line continued through male heirs who ruled Brittany independently.
Answer: False
Following Anne of Brittany, the Montfort lineage continued primarily through the female line via her daughters and their descendants, with Brittany's independence gradually diminishing as it integrated into France.
The Edict of Union in 1532 formally incorporated the Duchy of Brittany into the Kingdom of France, registered with the Estates of Brittany.
Answer: True
The Edict of Union, promulgated in 1532 and registered with the Estates of Brittany, legally formalized the integration of the Duchy into the Kingdom of France.
Who was designated successor by Francis II, the last male Montfort ruler?
Answer: His daughter, Anne of Brittany
Francis II, the final male Montfort duke, designated his daughter Anne as his successor, establishing a precedent for female ducal rule in Brittany.
What was the significance of Anne of Brittany's ascension to the duchy?
Answer: It abrogated claims from the Penthièvre and Rohan families and established female rulership.
Anne's succession was significant as it superseded claims from rival families like the Penthièvre and Rohan, and it affirmed the principle of female inheritance within Brittany's legal framework.
What right did the King of France gain concerning Anne of Brittany due to the treaty signed in 1488?
Answer: The right to determine the marriage of Anne.
The treaty of 1488, imposed after military defeat, granted the French Crown considerable influence over Anne's marital choices, a critical factor in the union of Brittany and France.
How did Anne of Brittany's marriage to Charles VIII impact the duchy?
Answer: It marked a step towards the waning independence of Brittany under French influence.
The union of Anne with Charles VIII, the French king, initiated a process that gradually diminished Brittany's autonomy and integrated it more closely with the French state.
Why did Anne of Brittany marry Louis XII of France after the death of Charles VIII?
Answer: To preserve the French Crown's control over Brittany.
Anne's marriage to Louis XII was strategically arranged to ensure the continued political union of Brittany with the French Crown, preventing any potential resurgence of ducal independence.
Which event formally incorporated the Duchy of Brittany into the Kingdom of France?
Answer: The Edict of Union in 1532
The Edict of Union, promulgated in 1532 and ratified by the Estates of Brittany, legally formalized the integration of the Duchy into the Kingdom of France.
How did the Montfort family line continue after Anne of Brittany?
Answer: Only in the female line, through her daughters and their descendants
After Anne of Brittany, the direct male line of the Montforts effectively ended. The ducal succession continued through her daughters and their descendants, integrating the line into the French royal house.
The 1365 peace settlement allowed the House of Blois-Penthièvre to succeed if the Montfort male line became extinct.
Answer: True
The Treaty of Guérande in 1365 stipulated that the Montfort branch would succeed in Brittany, but it also included a provision for the Blois-Penthièvre heirs to succeed in the event of the Montfort male line's extinction.
The Penthièvre family's claim to the duchy was strengthened by actions of Montfortine rulers.
Answer: False
Conversely, actions by Montfortine rulers, such as confiscations and political maneuvering, generally weakened the Penthièvre family's claim and influence over time.
The term 'suo jure' means ruling as a consort or through a husband.
Answer: False
The Latin term 'suo jure' signifies ruling 'in one's own right,' indicating independent authority rather than ruling as a consort or by virtue of a spouse.
An 'appanage' is a territory granted to a ruler's main heir.
Answer: False
An 'appanage' typically refers to lands and revenues granted to a ruler's younger children or other relatives to provide for their maintenance, not specifically for the main heir.
Salic law, invoked by John of Montfort, allowed females to inherit ducal titles under any circumstance.
Answer: False
Salic law, as historically applied, generally excluded females from inheriting or transmitting succession rights, particularly to thrones and duchies. John of Montfort invoked it to support his claim over Joan of Dreux.
Proximity of blood refers to a principle favoring claimants who are distant relatives of the deceased.
Answer: False
The principle of 'proximity of blood' favors the claimant who is most closely related by kinship to the deceased ancestor, not a distant relative.
According to the 1365 peace settlement, who would inherit the Duchy if the Montfort male line became extinct?
Answer: The heirs of Joanna of Penthièvre
The Treaty of Guérande stipulated that in the absence of male Montfort heirs, the succession would pass to the descendants of Joanna of Penthièvre, acknowledging Breton succession customs.
Which relative succeeded Duke Peter II in 1457, illustrating complex succession rules?
Answer: His uncle, Arthur de Richemont
The succession of Duke Peter II by his uncle, Arthur de Richemont, rather than his sister Isabelle, highlights the intricate and sometimes contested nature of ducal succession within the Montfort line.
What does the term 'suo jure' mean when referring to Anne of Brittany's rule?
Answer: Ruling in her own right
The term 'suo jure' denotes that Anne of Brittany ruled the Duchy based on her own hereditary title and authority, independent of any husband or male figure.
Which principle did John of Montfort invoke, alongside proximity of blood, to support his claim to the duchy?
Answer: Salic law
John of Montfort utilized both the principle of proximity of blood and Salic law to bolster his claim to the ducal title, arguing for his right to succeed over female claimants.
The Solidor Tower was built by John V, Duke of Brittany, to defend against English incursions.
Answer: False
While built by John V, the Solidor Tower's primary purpose was to assert ducal authority against the city of Saint-Malo, which did not recognize his rule, rather than solely for defense against English incursions.
The arms displayed for Jean III de Bretagne symbolize the ducal authority of the House of Montfort-Brittany.
Answer: True
The heraldic symbols associated with Jean III de Bretagne represent the ducal authority and lineage of the House of Montfort-Brittany during their reign.
The caption 'Arms of John of Montfort' refers to the heraldic symbols of the founder of the House of Montfort-Brittany.
Answer: True
The heraldic representations attributed to John of Montfort signify his role as the progenitor of the Montfort-Brittany ducal line.
The Solidor Tower was built to assert ducal authority in response to Saint-Malo's non-recognition of Duke John V's rule.
Answer: True
The construction of the Solidor Tower by John V was a strategic assertion of ducal power, particularly in areas like Saint-Malo where his authority was contested.
Why was the Solidor Tower constructed by John V, Duke of Brittany?
Answer: To assert ducal authority in an area where Saint-Malo did not recognize his rule.
The Solidor Tower served as a tangible symbol of ducal authority, erected by John V to reinforce his control over regions, such as Saint-Malo, where his sovereignty was contested.