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Hurricane Audrey made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane with peak sustained winds of 125 mph.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Hurricane Audrey made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane, with its peak sustained winds recorded at 125 mph.
Hurricane Audrey originated from a tropical wave that moved into the Bay of Campeche.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Hurricane Audrey developed from a tropical wave that entered the Bay of Campeche, subsequently organizing into a tropical depression and then a hurricane.
Hurricane Audrey was the weakest June Atlantic hurricane on record at the time of its formation.
Answer: False
This is incorrect. Hurricane Audrey was notable for being one of the strongest June Atlantic hurricanes on record at the time of its formation, particularly in terms of its pressure.
The peak sustained winds recorded for Hurricane Audrey were 125 mph.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Hurricane Audrey reached peak sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).
Hurricane Audrey formed on June 24, 1957, and dissipated on June 29, 1957.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Hurricane Audrey's lifecycle began on June 24, 1957, and it dissipated on June 29, 1957.
Hurricane Audrey was the first major hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since 1945.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Hurricane Audrey was notable as the first major hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since 1945.
The lowest central pressure recorded for Hurricane Audrey was 946 mbar.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The lowest central pressure recorded for Hurricane Audrey was 946 mbar (27.94 inHg).
What was the official name of the Category 3 Atlantic hurricane that caused widespread devastation in southwestern Louisiana in 1957?
Answer: Hurricane Audrey
The Category 3 Atlantic hurricane that caused widespread devastation in southwestern Louisiana in 1957 was officially named Hurricane Audrey.
What was the peak intensity of Hurricane Audrey in terms of sustained wind speed?
Answer: 125 mph
The peak intensity of Hurricane Audrey, in terms of sustained wind speed, was recorded at 125 mph.
What unusual meteorological distinction did Hurricane Audrey hold for the Atlantic basin in June?
Answer: It was the strongest June hurricane by pressure recorded at the time.
Hurricane Audrey held the distinction of being the strongest June Atlantic hurricane on record by pressure at the time of its formation, highlighting its unusual intensity for that month.
Which of the following was a contributing factor to the rapid intensification of Hurricane Audrey?
Answer: Anomalously intense low-pressure areas at high altitudes.
Anomalously intense low-pressure areas at high altitudes, combined with favorable sea surface temperatures and upper-level outflow conditions, contributed to the rapid intensification of Hurricane Audrey.
How quickly did the tropical depression that became Audrey strengthen into a hurricane?
Answer: Within 6 hours of becoming a tropical storm
The tropical depression that became Hurricane Audrey underwent rapid intensification, strengthening into a tropical storm just six hours after its initial classification and subsequently into a hurricane.
Hurricane Audrey, which made landfall in 1957, was characterized as a weak storm with minimal impact on coastal communities.
Answer: False
This assertion is incorrect. Hurricane Audrey made landfall as an intense Category 3 hurricane, causing extensive devastation to coastal communities, including significant storm surge and a high number of fatalities.
The storm surge from Hurricane Audrey only reached a few miles inland along the Louisiana coast.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The storm surge from Hurricane Audrey penetrated as far as 20 miles inland along the Louisiana coast, inundating extensive areas.
The primary causes of destruction in Louisiana were Hurricane Audrey's strong winds and heavy rainfall alone.
Answer: False
This is inaccurate. While strong winds and heavy rainfall contributed, the primary destructive force was the powerful storm surge, which inundated coastal areas and penetrated significantly inland.
The storm surge in Galveston reached a height of 10.6 feet, causing significant damage.
Answer: False
This statement is inaccurate. While a storm surge of 10.6 feet was recorded, it occurred in Cameron, Louisiana, not Galveston. The surge in Galveston reached 6.2 feet.
The damage to offshore oil facilities from Hurricane Audrey was estimated to be around $150 million.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The estimated damage to offshore oil facilities from Hurricane Audrey was $16 million, not $150 million.
In Louisiana, 90-95% of all buildings in Cameron and Vermilion Parish sustained irreparable damage.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Reports indicate that 90-95% of all buildings in Cameron and Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, suffered irreparable damage due to Hurricane Audrey.
The total estimated damage from Hurricane Audrey in Louisiana was $120 million.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The total estimated monetary damage attributed to Hurricane Audrey in Louisiana was $120 million.
Hurricane Audrey's storm surge caused significant coastal retreat and sedimentation along the Louisiana coast.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The storm surge from Hurricane Audrey significantly altered Louisiana's coastline, causing coastal retreat and sedimentation.
Which U.S. state bore the brunt of Hurricane Audrey's landfall and experienced the highest number of fatalities?
Answer: Louisiana
Louisiana bore the brunt of Hurricane Audrey's landfall and experienced the highest number of fatalities, with an estimated 400 deaths occurring within the state.
What was the primary destructive force associated with Hurricane Audrey's landfall in Louisiana?
Answer: A powerful storm surge that inundated coastal areas
The primary destructive force associated with Hurricane Audrey's landfall in Louisiana was its powerful storm surge, which inundated coastal communities and penetrated far inland.
How far inland did the storm surge from Hurricane Audrey penetrate along the Louisiana coast?
Answer: Up to 20 miles
The storm surge from Hurricane Audrey penetrated as far as 20 miles inland along the Louisiana coast, causing widespread inundation and destruction.
What was the estimated total monetary damage caused by Hurricane Audrey in 1957 US dollars?
Answer: $150 million
The estimated total monetary damage caused by Hurricane Audrey in 1957 US dollars was $150 million.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the damage in Cameron and Vermilion Parish, Louisiana?
Answer: 90-95% of all buildings sustained irreparable damage.
Reports indicate that 90-95% of all buildings in Cameron and Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, sustained irreparable damage due to the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Audrey.
What was the estimated total damage caused by Hurricane Audrey in Texas?
Answer: $8 million
The estimated total monetary damage caused by Hurricane Audrey in Texas was $8 million.
The storm surge in Cameron, Louisiana, reached a peak tide level of approximately:
Answer: 10.6 feet
In Cameron, Louisiana, the storm surge reached a peak tide level of approximately 10.6 feet above mean sea level.
What was the total estimated damage to offshore oil facilities caused by Hurricane Audrey?
Answer: $16 million
The estimated damage to offshore oil facilities caused by Hurricane Audrey was $16 million.
The Weather Bureau's warnings for Hurricane Audrey were criticized for being overly urgent, causing unnecessary panic.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The criticism leveled against the Weather Bureau's warnings was that they lacked sufficient urgency, not that they were overly urgent.
Approximately 75,000 people evacuated from the U.S. Gulf Coast in anticipation of Hurricane Audrey.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Approximately 75,000 individuals evacuated from low-lying areas along the U.S. Gulf Coast prior to Hurricane Audrey's landfall.
The legal case *Bartie v. United States* involved a lawsuit claiming the Weather Bureau provided warnings for Hurricane Audrey that were too urgent.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The lawsuit *Bartie v. United States* alleged that the Weather Bureau's warnings were inadequate and insufficiently urgent, not too urgent.
The Weather Bureau's first bulletin for Hurricane Audrey was issued when it was already a Category 1 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The Weather Bureau's first bulletin was issued when Audrey was a tropical depression in the Bay of Campeche, not a Category 1 hurricane.
The court in *Bartie v. United States* found the Weather Bureau negligent but ordered them to pay damages.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While the court acknowledged the Weather Bureau's failure to convey urgency, it dismissed the case and did not order damages to be paid.
The fishing vessel *Keturah* sank during Hurricane Audrey, resulting in the loss of its entire crew of 15.
Answer: False
This statement is inaccurate. The fishing vessel *Keturah* sank, resulting in the loss of nine crewmen, not its entire crew of 15, and the incident occurred off Galveston, Texas.
The Weather Bureau issued an experimental 30-day forecast on June 17, 1957, predicting no tropical storm activity for the month.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The experimental 30-day forecast issued on June 17, 1957, predicted a high likelihood of tropical storm activity, not the absence of it.
Hurricane Audrey was the deadliest tropical cyclone on record for the state of Texas.
Answer: False
This statement is false. While Hurricane Audrey caused significant fatalities in Texas, the majority of the storm's death toll occurred in Louisiana, making it the deadliest cyclone for that state.
How many fatalities were attributed to Hurricane Audrey in the United States?
Answer: At least 416
At least 416 fatalities were attributed to Hurricane Audrey in the United States, with the vast majority occurring in Louisiana.
The lawsuit *Bartie v. United States* centered on the claim that the Weather Bureau provided warnings for Hurricane Audrey that were:
Answer: Insufficiently urgent and inadequate.
The lawsuit *Bartie v. United States* centered on the claim that the Weather Bureau's warnings for Hurricane Audrey were insufficiently urgent and inadequate, failing to prompt timely evacuations.
What happened to the fishing vessel *Keturah* during Hurricane Audrey?
Answer: It sank off Galveston, Texas, causing the loss of nine crewmen.
The fishing vessel *Keturah* sank off Galveston, Texas, during Hurricane Audrey, resulting in the tragic loss of nine crewmen.
What was the approximate number of people who evacuated from the U.S. Gulf Coast before Hurricane Audrey?
Answer: 75,000
Approximately 75,000 people evacuated from low-lying areas along the U.S. Gulf Coast in anticipation of Hurricane Audrey's landfall.
Hurricane Audrey's impact was limited to the Gulf Coast states of Texas and Louisiana.
Answer: False
This statement is false. Hurricane Audrey's impact extended beyond Texas and Louisiana, affecting other regions of the United States and parts of Canada.
Hurricane Audrey caused no fatalities in Canada, only impacting the United States.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The remnants of Hurricane Audrey caused fatalities in Canada, specifically in Ontario and Quebec.
Hurricane Audrey's remnants were responsible for spawning tornadoes primarily in the western United States.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The remnants of Hurricane Audrey spawned tornadoes primarily in the southeastern United States, specifically in states like Mississippi and Alabama, not the western United States.
The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Audrey brought record rainfall to the West Coast of the United States.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Audrey brought record rainfall to the Midwest, not the West Coast of the United States.
In Indiana, flash flooding caused by Audrey's remnants led to the closure of 17 highways and the destruction of bridges.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Flash flooding in Indiana, resulting from Hurricane Audrey's remnants, caused the closure of 17 highways and the destruction of bridges.
Which of the following regions was NOT significantly affected by Hurricane Audrey or its remnants?
Answer: Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest was not significantly affected by Hurricane Audrey or its remnants. The storm's impact was concentrated in the South Central, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States, as well as parts of Canada.
Besides wind and storm surge, what other significant weather phenomena did Hurricane Audrey produce?
Answer: Two tornadoes in Louisiana and heavy rainfall
In addition to its powerful winds and storm surge, Hurricane Audrey also produced two tornadoes in Louisiana and significant rainfall, contributing to the overall impact.
Which Canadian provinces were affected by the remnants of Hurricane Audrey?
Answer: Ontario and Quebec
The remnants of Hurricane Audrey affected the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, causing fatalities and significant weather impacts.
The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Audrey caused significant rainfall in parts of the Midwest, including which specific locations and amounts?
Answer: Paris, Illinois (10.20 inches) and Hermann, Missouri (10.16 inches)
The extratropical remnants of Hurricane Audrey produced significant rainfall in the Midwest, with recorded amounts of 10.20 inches in Paris, Illinois, and 10.16 inches in Hermann, Missouri.
How many tornadoes were spawned by the remnants of Hurricane Audrey in Alabama alone?
Answer: 14
The remnants of Hurricane Audrey spawned 14 tornadoes in Alabama, contributing to the total number of tornadoes that occurred across several states.
Which of the following accurately describes the impact of Hurricane Audrey's remnants on Indiana?
Answer: Led to flash flooding, closing 17 highways and destroying bridges.
The remnants of Hurricane Audrey caused significant flash flooding in Indiana, leading to the closure of 17 highways and the destruction of bridges, alongside other impacts.
How many fatalities occurred in Quebec, Canada, due to Hurricane Audrey's remnants, and what distinction did this represent?
Answer: 10 fatalities, making it the deadliest tropical cyclone on record for Quebec.
Ten fatalities occurred in Quebec, Canada, due to the remnants of Hurricane Audrey, marking it as the deadliest tropical cyclone on record for that province.
The National Hurricane Research Project (NHRP) found ample inland data available after Hurricane Audrey for a detailed surge reconstruction.
Answer: False
This statement is false. The National Hurricane Research Project (NHRP) concluded that a lack of inland data hindered a detailed surge reconstruction, despite ample storm tide observations.
Hurricane Audrey was initially assessed as a Category 4 hurricane at landfall by operational forecasts.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Operational forecasts assessed Hurricane Audrey as a Category 4 hurricane at landfall; however, subsequent reanalysis revised this to Category 3.
The National Hurricane Research Project (NHRP) used Hurricane Audrey's surge data primarily to:
Answer: Highlight the need for better inland surge data collection.
The National Hurricane Research Project (NHRP) utilized Hurricane Audrey's surge data primarily to underscore the critical need for improved inland surge data collection for more accurate forecasting and emergency planning.
How did the intensity of Hurricane Audrey at landfall compare between operational forecasts and later reanalysis?
Answer: Operational forecasts assessed it as Category 4, while reanalysis revised it down to Category 3.
Operational forecasts initially assessed Hurricane Audrey as a Category 4 hurricane at landfall. However, subsequent reanalysis by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project revised its peak intensity downward to a Category 3.