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The primary function of a hymn is exclusively the expression of personal emotions, without any address to a deity.
Answer: False
The fundamental purpose of a hymn is to serve as a musical expression of adoration, prayer, devotion, or reverence, typically addressed to a deity or deities.
The term 'hymn' originates from the ancient Greek word 'hymnos' (ὕμνος), denoting 'a song of praise'.
Answer: True
The etymological origin of the term 'hymn' is traced to the ancient Greek word 'hymnos' (ὕμνος), signifying 'a song of praise'.
A 'hymnist' refers to an individual who composes hymns, while 'hymnody' denotes the practice or body of hymns.
Answer: True
A 'hymnist' is indeed a writer of hymns, and 'hymnody' refers to the practice, art, or collective body of hymns associated with a particular tradition or period.
A Christian hymn, by one definition, must possess simplicity, metrical structure, and express the worshipper's disposition toward God.
Answer: True
One definition posits that a Christian hymn should be simple, metrical, and genuinely express the worshipper's attitude toward God.
Thomas Aquinas defined a Christian hymn solely as a vocal expression of praise.
Answer: False
Thomas Aquinas defined a Christian hymn as 'the praise of God with song; a song is the exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, bursting forth in the voice,' emphasizing both praise and the internal state.
Nissim Ezekiel believed religious hymns often achieve a high level of poetic quality.
Answer: False
Nissim Ezekiel suggested that religious hymns are typically not notable for their poetic quality, although poets with mystical experiences might produce successful religious verse.
What is the primary function of a hymn as described in the source material?
Answer: To serve as a musical expression of adoration, prayer, devotion, or reverence.
The primary function of a hymn is to act as a musical vehicle for expressing adoration, prayer, devotion, or reverence, typically directed towards a divine entity.
From which language does the term 'hymn' originate, and what is its precise meaning?
Answer: Greek ('hymnos'), meaning 'a song of praise'.
The term 'hymn' is etymologically derived from the ancient Greek word 'hymnos' (ὕμνος), which specifically denotes 'a song of praise'.
Which of the following terms denotes the practice of singing or composing hymns?
Answer: Hymnody
Hymnody is the term used to describe the practice of singing or composing hymns, or the collective body of hymns associated with a particular tradition.
Which characteristic is considered essential for a Christian hymn according to the definition provided?
Answer: It must express the worshipper's attitude toward God.
A key characteristic defining a Christian hymn, according to the provided definition, is its expression of the worshipper's attitude toward God.
Thomas Aquinas' definition of a Christian hymn primarily emphasizes which aspect?
Answer: The exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, expressed in voice.
Aquinas' definition highlights the 'exultation of the mind dwelling on eternal things, bursting forth in the voice,' emphasizing the internal spiritual state expressed through song.
What was Nissim Ezekiel's perspective regarding the poetic quality of religious hymns?
Answer: They are typically not notable for their poetic quality.
Nissim Ezekiel suggested that religious hymns are generally not distinguished by their poetic quality, although exceptions may exist for poets with profound mystical experiences.
Polyhymnia, one of the Muses in Greek mythology, is associated with sacred poetry and hymns.
Answer: True
Polyhymnia is recognized as the Greco-Roman goddess of hymns and sacred poetry, representing one of the nine Muses.
The Western tradition of hymnody commenced with early Christian psalms translated into Greek.
Answer: False
The Western tradition of hymnody is generally considered to have originated with the Homeric Hymns, a collection of ancient Greek hymns predating early Christian psalms.
Church Fathers utilized the terms 'hymnos' and 'hymnus' exclusively for songs directly derived from scripture.
Answer: False
Church Fathers applied the Greek and Latin terms for hymns to Christian songs of praise, often using them synonymously with 'psalm,' not exclusively for scriptural songs.
Ancient Christian hymns, such as 'Te Deum' and 'Phos Hilaron,' continue to be sung in contemporary worship services.
Answer: True
Several non-scriptural hymns from the Early Church, including 'Te Deum' and 'Phos Hilaron,' remain in use in contemporary Christian worship.
The Oxyrhynchus hymn is significant as it represents the oldest known Christian hymn featuring both lyrics and musical notation.
Answer: True
The Oxyrhynchus hymn holds particular significance as the earliest known Christian hymn that includes both textual lyrics and musical notation.
Who is Polyhymnia within the context of Greek mythology?
Answer: One of the Muses, associated with sacred poetry and hymns.
Polyhymnia is traditionally identified as one of the nine Muses in Greek mythology, specifically presiding over sacred poetry and hymns.
Which of the following is NOT identified as an early example of a hymn or hymn collection from ancient civilizations within the source material?
Answer: The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi
The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi is a legal text, not a collection of hymns. The Egyptian Great Hymn to the Aten, the Sumerian Kesh temple hymn, and the Greek Homeric Hymns are all recognized examples of ancient hymns.
According to the text, what collection marks the genesis of the Western tradition of hymnody?
Answer: The Greek Homeric Hymns
The text indicates that the Western tradition of hymnody originated with the Homeric Hymns, a collection of ancient Greek hymns.
What role did the Church Fathers assume concerning the terminology of 'hymn'?
Answer: They applied the Greek and Latin terms for hymns to Christian songs of praise, often using them synonymously with 'psalm'.
The Church Fathers adopted and applied the Greek term 'hymnos' and the Latin 'hymnus' to Christian songs of praise, frequently equating them with 'psalms'.
Which of these early Christian hymns is mentioned as continuing to be sung in contemporary liturgical practice?
Answer: Te Deum (We Praise Thee, O God)
The hymn 'Te Deum' (We Praise Thee, O God) is cited as one of the early Christian hymns that remains in use in contemporary worship services.
What specific attribute renders the Oxyrhynchus hymn particularly noteworthy?
Answer: It contains the oldest known Christian lyrics and musical notation.
The Oxyrhynchus hymn is distinguished by being the earliest known Christian hymn that includes both its lyrics and musical notation.
The 'Gloria in excelsis Deo' is typically recited or sung at the commencement of the Mass, preceding the Kyrie.
Answer: False
The 'Gloria in excelsis Deo' is sung or recited during Mass after the Kyrie, not at the very beginning of the service.
Christian hymns are rarely themed around specific seasons or holy days within the church calendar.
Answer: False
Christian hymns are frequently composed with themes that align with specific seasons (e.g., Advent, Lent) and holy days (e.g., Christmas, Easter) of the church calendar.
During the Middle Ages, Western church hymnody predominantly involved intricate polyphonic arrangements.
Answer: False
During the Middle Ages, Western church hymnody was primarily characterized by Gregorian chant (plainsong), which is typically sung in unison, rather than complex polyphony.
Contemporary Christian worship music exclusively employs traditional hymn styles and eschews modern instrumentation.
Answer: False
Contemporary Christian worship music often incorporates modern instrumentation, such as electric guitars and drum kits, diverging from purely traditional hymn styles.
Historically, denominations such as the Primitive Baptists practiced unaccompanied congregational singing (a cappella).
Answer: True
Groups including the Primitive Baptists have historically adhered to the practice of unaccompanied congregational singing, known as a cappella.
In the Byzantine Rite, organs are commonly utilized alongside chanting for liturgical worship.
Answer: False
In the Byzantine Rite, organs are generally excluded from liturgical worship; accompaniment, if present, typically involves an 'ison' (drone).
The Protestant Reformation's 'normative principle of worship' fostered a decline in hymn writing.
Answer: False
The 'normative principle of worship' during the Protestant Reformation encouraged a significant increase in hymn writing and congregational singing, contrasting with the 'regulative principle' which favored exclusive psalmody.
Martin Luther authored hymns, such as 'A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,' to disseminate religious tenets.
Answer: True
Martin Luther was a prolific hymn writer, utilizing his 'chorales,' including 'A Mighty Fortress Is Our God,' as pedagogical tools to teach religious principles.
The inaugural Protestant hymnal was published in England during the 16th century.
Answer: False
The first Protestant hymnal was published in Bohemia in 1532 by the Unitas Fratrum, not in England.
Isaac Watts is recognized as the 'father of English hymnody' for composing the first English hymns based exclusively on scripture.
Answer: False
Isaac Watts is indeed called the 'father of English hymnody,' but his significant contribution was writing the first English hymns not directly based on scripture, moving beyond exclusive psalmody.
Charles Wesley's hymns primarily focused on theological doctrine rather than personal sentiment.
Answer: False
Charles Wesley's hymns are noted for introducing a greater emphasis on personal feelings and the individual's relationship with God, rather than solely focusing on abstract theological doctrine.
Gospel songs, in contrast to traditional hymns, typically lack a refrain or chorus.
Answer: False
Gospel songs generally include a refrain or chorus, and often feature a faster tempo, distinguishing them from many traditional hymns.
The Welsh Methodist Revival precipitated a reduction in hymn composition and performance in Wales.
Answer: False
The Welsh Methodist Revival spurred a significant increase in hymn-writing and singing in Wales, fostering a rich tradition of Welsh hymnody.
Popular hymns within the Catholic Church have been composed by figures such as Charpentier and Mozart.
Answer: True
The Catholic Church has a tradition of hymns composed by notable figures, including Charpentier and Mozart, contributing to its rich musical heritage.
Contemporary worship music has been universally accepted without controversy in all Christian congregations.
Answer: False
The adoption of contemporary worship music has sometimes generated debate and controversy within congregations due to generational differences and differing views on musical styles.
The 'singing controversy' among New England Puritans centered on the use of instrumental accompaniment.
Answer: False
The 'singing controversy' among New England Puritans primarily debated the method and harmony of congregational singing, not the use of instrumental accompaniment.
William Billings created the first tune book comprising exclusively American compositions.
Answer: True
William Billings, a notable American singing school teacher, published the first tune book consisting entirely of American musical compositions.
Lowell Mason advocated for the preservation of traditional, unadorned singing styles in American churches.
Answer: False
Lowell Mason was a musical reformer who advocated for more refined and modern singing styles in American churches, contributing to a shift away from some traditional tunebook practices.
The Sacred Harp singing tradition is predominantly practiced in urban centers in contemporary times.
Answer: False
While historically associated with rural areas, the Sacred Harp singing tradition has experienced a resurgence and is practiced in various locations, including urban centers, across the US and internationally.
African-American hymnody evolved from spirituals and was influenced by Isaac Watts' hymns adapted into vernacular English.
Answer: True
African-American hymnody developed from spirituals and was significantly influenced by adaptations of hymns, including those by Isaac Watts, into vernacular English.
In the context of the Mass, when is the 'Gloria in excelsis Deo' typically recited or sung?
Answer: After the Kyrie.
The 'Gloria in excelsis Deo' is typically sung or recited in the Catholic Mass immediately following the Kyrie.
How are Christian hymns frequently utilized in relation to the ecclesiastical calendar?
Answer: They are frequently written with themes aligning with holy days and seasons like Advent and Lent.
Christian hymns are often composed with specific themes that correspond to the holy days and seasons observed within the church calendar, such as Advent and Lent.
What was the predominant characteristic of hymnody in the Western church during the Middle Ages?
Answer: Gregorian chant (plainsong), typically sung in unison.
During the Middle Ages, Western church hymnody was predominantly characterized by Gregorian chant, a form of unison singing.
Which instruments are commonly featured in contemporary Christian worship music, as indicated in the text?
Answer: Electric guitars and drum kits.
Contemporary Christian worship music often incorporates instruments such as electric guitars and drum kits, reflecting influences from modern popular music genres.
Which Christian denominations historically practiced unaccompanied congregational singing (a cappella)?
Answer: Churches of Christ
Groups such as the Churches of Christ have historically practiced unaccompanied congregational singing (a cappella).
What is the standard approach to musical accompaniment in the Byzantine Rite of Eastern Christianity?
Answer: An 'ison' (drone) may be used, but organs are generally excluded.
In the Byzantine Rite, chant is central, and while an 'ison' (drone) might be employed, organs are typically excluded from liturgical services.
What was the 'regulative principle of worship' associated with during the Protestant Reformation?
Answer: Allowing only biblical psalms and rejecting non-biblical hymns and instrumental music.
The 'regulative principle of worship' advocated for the exclusive use of biblical psalms and the rejection of non-scriptural hymns and instrumental music in worship.
Martin Luther primarily employed 'chorales' for what pedagogical purpose?
Answer: To teach religious tenets and principles.
Martin Luther utilized his 'chorales' as a primary means to educate congregations on religious tenets and principles during the Reformation.
Who is widely recognized as the 'father of English hymnody' for his significant contributions?
Answer: Isaac Watts
Isaac Watts is widely acknowledged as the 'father of English hymnody' due to his extensive and influential contributions to the genre.
What specific innovation is attributed to Isaac Watts concerning the development of English hymns?
Answer: He wrote the first English hymns not directly based on scripture.
Isaac Watts is credited with composing the first English hymns that were not directly derived from biblical scripture, thereby expanding the scope of congregational singing.
Charles Wesley's hymns are noted for introducing a heightened emphasis on which element?
Answer: Personal feelings and the individual's relationship with God.
Charles Wesley's hymns significantly advanced the expression of personal feelings and the individual's direct relationship with God within congregational worship.
What constitutes a primary distinction between traditional hymns and gospel songs, as delineated in the text?
Answer: Gospel songs generally include a refrain (chorus) and often have a faster tempo.
Gospel songs are typically characterized by the inclusion of a refrain (chorus) and often possess a faster tempo compared to many traditional hymns.
Hymns are exclusively a practice within the Christian religious tradition.
Answer: False
While prominent in Christianity, hymns are also significant practices in other world religions, including Hinduism (as 'stotras') and have roots in ancient Egyptian and Greek cultures.
The 'Book of Life' refers to the written scripture of the Doukhobors, first published in 1909.
Answer: False
The 'Book of Life' (Zhivotnaya kniga) refers to the oral hymns of the Doukhobors; the first printed hymnal containing these songs was published in 1909.
The Rigveda is a foundational collection of liturgical hymns in Vedic Sanskrit within Hinduism.
Answer: True
The Rigveda is considered the earliest and most fundamental collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns integral to Hindu tradition.
The Bhakti movement led to a decline in the use of hymns in India, favoring Sanskrit literature.
Answer: False
The Bhakti movement significantly elevated the prominence of hymns ('bhajans,' 'kirtans') in local languages, often supplanting Sanskrit literature in devotional practice.
In Sikhism, the Guru Granth Sahib contains hymns organized according to musical settings termed 'ragas'.
Answer: True
The Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism, comprises hymns ('Shabad' or 'Gurbani') systematically arranged by musical modes known as 'ragas'.
Stotras are exclusively found in Buddhist traditions and are never utilized in Hinduism.
Answer: False
Stotras, Sanskrit hymns of praise, are primarily associated with Hindu and Jain traditions, although they are also present in some Buddhist contexts.
Confucius highly valued the 'Classic of Poetry' (Shijing) as a source for understanding ancient Chinese music theory.
Answer: True
Confucius esteemed the 'Classic of Poetry' (Shijing), an ancient collection of Chinese poems and songs, as a vital resource for comprehending ancient Chinese music theory.
Early Islam permitted the use of all musical instruments, including string and wind instruments.
Answer: False
In early Islam, the use of string, brass, and wind instruments was initially restricted, with only minimal percussion permitted.
Qawwali is a form of devotional music prominent in India and Sri Lanka.
Answer: False
Qawwali is a form of devotional music primarily prominent in Pakistan and Southeast Asia, not typically India and Sri Lanka.
Jain hymns are known as 'stavan' or 'bhajan' and are performed to praise the Jinas.
Answer: True
Jain hymns are indeed referred to as 'stavan' or 'bhajan' and are dedicated to praising the Jinas (victors or enlightened beings).
The 'Bhaktāmara-stotra' is a popular Jain hymn dedicated to the first Tirthankara, Rishabhanatha.
Answer: True
The 'Bhaktāmara-stotra' is recognized as a highly popular devotional hymn within Jainism, specifically honoring Rishabhanatha, the first Tirthankara.
In Judaism, 'Zemirot' refers to rhymed, metrical hymns added to worship services, especially for festivals.
Answer: True
'Zemirot' in Judaism encompasses various forms of songs and hymns, including specific 'Sabbath hymns' sung during meals, which can be rhymed and metrical.
Piyyutim are a key feature of Sephardic Jewish tradition, often added for major festivals.
Answer: True
Piyyutim, which are rhymed, metrical liturgical poems or hymns, are indeed a significant element within the Sephardic Jewish tradition, frequently incorporated during major festivals.
Judaism's devotional music and hymns are primarily instrumental, emphasizing organs and orchestral arrangements.
Answer: False
Devotional music and hymns in Judaism are predominantly vocal, with an emphasis on congregational song and the role of the cantor, rather than extensive instrumental accompaniment.
Mi-kagura is a popular folk music performance in rural Shinto traditions.
Answer: False
Mi-kagura refers to sacral music strictly reserved for the Imperial house and nobility in Shintoism, distinguishing it from more popular rural performances.
The Gathas are sacred hymns attributed to Zoroaster, arranged by meter.
Answer: True
The Gathas are indeed seventeen sacred hymns attributed to Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism, and are notably arranged into five groups based on their meter.
Beyond Christianity, in which other major religious traditions is hymnody recognized as a prominent practice according to the provided text?
Answer: On the Indian subcontinent (as 'stotras') and in ancient Egyptian and Greek cultures.
The text indicates that hymnody is a significant practice beyond Christianity, notably on the Indian subcontinent (where hymns are known as 'stotras') and in ancient Egyptian and Greek cultures.
The 'Bhaktāmara-stotra' is a significant hymn within which specific religious tradition?
Answer: Jainism
The 'Bhaktāmara-stotra' is a highly regarded hymn within the Jain religious tradition, dedicated to the first Tirthankara.
What is the principal characteristic of devotional music and hymns in Judaism concerning instrumentation?
Answer: Predominantly vocal music, emphasizing congregational song.
Devotional music and hymns in Judaism are primarily vocal, with a strong emphasis placed on congregational singing and the role of the cantor.
Shape notes constituted a system of musical notation primarily employed in European classical music.
Answer: False
Shape notes were a system of musical notation predominantly used in American folk and sacred music, particularly during the 19th century, to facilitate sight-reading.
Hymn meter refers to the quantity of lines within a stanza, irrespective of syllable count.
Answer: False
Hymn meter specifically refers to the pattern of syllables and stresses within each line of a stanza, not merely the number of lines.
Numerical notations such as '87.87.87' denote the number of lines per stanza in a hymn.
Answer: False
Numerical notations like '87.87.87' indicate the syllable count for each line within a hymn's stanza, not the number of lines.
An irregular hymn meter signifies that a hymn adheres to only one consistent metrical pattern throughout its entirety.
Answer: False
An irregular hymn meter is characterized by variations in the metrical pattern between different stanzas within the same hymn, unlike hymns that maintain a consistent pattern.
The metrical index in a hymnal facilitates the alignment of hymn texts with appropriate musical tunes based on syllable patterns.
Answer: True
The metrical index within a hymnal serves the crucial function of assisting users in matching hymn texts with suitable musical tunes by referencing their syllable patterns and stress.
LM, SM, and CM are notations indicating the number of verses in a hymn.
Answer: False
LM (Long Meter), SM (Short Meter), and CM (Common Meter) are notations that indicate the syllable count per line within a hymn stanza, not the number of verses.
What does the notation 'LM' typically signify concerning a hymn stanza?
Answer: Long Meter (88.88 syllables)
'LM' is the standard abbreviation for Long Meter in hymnody, indicating a stanza structure with 88.88 syllables per line.
What is the function of the 'metrical index' commonly found within hymnals?
Answer: To help match hymn texts with appropriate musical tunes based on syllable patterns.
The metrical index in a hymnal assists users in finding suitable musical tunes for hymn texts by providing information on syllable counts and metrical patterns.
Which of the following is NOT identified as a standard hymn meter notation?
Answer: HM (Hymn Meter)
LM (Long Meter), SM (Short Meter), and CM (Common Meter) are established notations for hymn meters. 'HM (Hymn Meter)' is not a standard designation.
The Hymn Society provides resources for information on hymns and hymnology.
Answer: True
The Hymn Society, operating in the United States and Canada, functions as a key resource center for scholarly information pertaining to hymns and the field of hymnology.
Hymnary.org is a database focused exclusively on musical scores for hymns.
Answer: False
Hymnary.org is a comprehensive database offering extensive resources on hymns, including texts, tunes, authors, and composers, not solely musical scores.
What role does Hymnary.org fulfill, according to the provided description?
Answer: It is an extensive database offering hymns and related resources like texts, tunes, and authors.
Hymnary.org functions as a comprehensive database providing a wide array of resources related to hymns, including their texts, musical settings, authors, and composers.