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The partition of the Bengal Presidency in 1905 resulted in the administrative division into East Bengal and West Bengal.
Answer: True
The initial partition of the Bengal Presidency by the British Raj in 1905 indeed resulted in the administrative division into East Bengal and West Bengal.
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 introduced a system of separate electorates based on religion for East Bengal.
Answer: True
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 established an electorate system based on religion, which significantly impacted the political representation in regions like East Bengal.
Muslims generally supported the reunification of Bengal in 1912 because it strengthened their political representation.
Answer: False
The reunification of Bengal in 1912 was met with opposition from Muslims who feared it would diminish their distinct political interests established after the initial partition.
The 1946 Cabinet Mission to India decided against partitioning Bengal.
Answer: False
The 1946 Cabinet Mission to India ultimately decided to partition Bengal, a decision that led to its division in 1947.
Following the 1947 partition, West Bengal became part of Pakistan, and East Bengal became part of India.
Answer: False
In the 1947 partition, West Bengal was incorporated into India, while East Bengal became part of Pakistan, subsequently known as East Pakistan.
The 'Inner Group' aimed to keep East Bengal united with Pakistan before its independence in 1947.
Answer: False
The 'Inner Group,' formed in 1947, aimed to separate East Bengal from Pakistan and establish it as a new state, reportedly with external support.
Which historical event involved the British Raj partitioning the Bengal Presidency into East and West Bengal?
Answer: The partition of Bengal in 1905
The partition of Bengal in 1905, enacted by the British Raj, administratively divided the Bengal Presidency into East Bengal and West Bengal.
How did the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 primarily impact East Bengal's political representation?
Answer: They created separate electorates based on religion.
The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 introduced separate electorates based on religion, significantly influencing the political landscape and representation in regions like East Bengal.
Why did Muslims express dissatisfaction with the reunification of Bengal in 1912?
Answer: They believed it would negatively impact their community's distinct interests.
Muslims generally opposed the reunification of Bengal in 1912, as they felt it would undermine the distinct interests and political standing that had emerged following the initial partition.
What was the outcome of the 1946 Cabinet Mission's decision regarding Bengal?
Answer: Bengal was partitioned, leading to the 1947 division.
The 1946 Cabinet Mission's deliberations resulted in a decision to partition Bengal, which subsequently led to its division during the 1947 partition of British India.
In the 1947 partition of Bengal, which region became part of Pakistan?
Answer: East Bengal (East Pakistan)
Following the 1947 partition, East Bengal was incorporated into Pakistan and became known as East Pakistan.
What was the primary objective of the 'Inner Group' formed in 1947?
Answer: To separate East Bengal from Pakistan and form a new state.
The 'Inner Group,' established in 1947, aimed to achieve the separation of East Bengal from Pakistan and establish it as an independent state.
The primary linguistic opposition in East Pakistan centered on the imposition of Bengali as the sole national language.
Answer: False
The primary linguistic opposition in East Pakistan was against the proposed imposition of Urdu as the sole national language, given that Bengali was spoken by the majority of the population.
The Bengali Language Movement successfully achieved the recognition of Bengali as a national language.
Answer: True
The Bengali Language Movement was instrumental in achieving the recognition of Bengali as a national language, a pivotal moment in the development of Bengali ethno-nationalism.
The Krishak Sramik Party won the 1954 provincial election in East Pakistan, defeating the Pakistan Muslim League.
Answer: True
The Krishak Sramik Party, advocating for autonomy, achieved electoral success in the 1954 provincial election in East Pakistan, defeating the Pakistan Muslim League.
A. K. Fazlul Huq became chief minister of East Pakistan after the 1954 election but was never placed under house arrest.
Answer: False
Following the 1954 election, A. K. Fazlul Huq became chief minister of East Pakistan; however, he and his party were subsequently removed from power and placed under house arrest.
The 'East Bengal Liberation Front' was formed after Ayub Khan imposed military rule in 1958.
Answer: True
Following the imposition of military rule by Ayub Khan in 1958, certain members of the Awami League established the 'East Bengal Liberation Front'.
'Cable 1971' was a secret military signal exchanged in December 1952 that predicted the eventual separation of Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Answer: True
'Cable 1971,' a secret military signal from December 1952, is notable for predicting the eventual separation of Pakistan and Bangladesh, bearing the year of separation in its designation.
'Cable 1971' discussed the potential for division due to economic disparity between West and East Pakistan.
Answer: True
The discussions within 'Cable 1971' included concerns about economic disparities between West and East Pakistan as factors contributing to potential division.
The cable 'Cable 1971' expressed concern that granting the Committee of Ulema veto power would empower elected representatives.
Answer: False
'Cable 1971' expressed concern that granting the Committee of Ulema veto power would excessively empower the Ulema, potentially leading to a theocratic state, rather than empowering elected representatives.
'Cable 1971' suggested that maintaining parity between West and East Pakistan would strengthen national unity.
Answer: False
'Cable 1971' suggested that maintaining parity between West and East Pakistan might ultimately lead to division, questioning its efficacy in strengthening national unity.
The dispute over making Urdu the sole national language was a minor issue that did not significantly impact the independence movement.
Answer: False
The dispute over Urdu as the sole national language was a major issue that significantly fueled Bengali ethno-nationalism and contributed substantially to the independence movement.
The Pakistan Educational Conference of 1947 proposed Bengali as the national language, recognizing its majority status.
Answer: False
The Pakistan Educational Conference of 1947 proposed Urdu as the national language, despite Bengali being spoken by the majority of Pakistan's population.
The Language Action Committee was formed in December 1947 by students in East Pakistan to protest the proposed national language policy.
Answer: True
In December 1947, students in East Pakistan established the Language Action Committee to voice their opposition to the government's policy of making Urdu the national language.
The Bengali language movement challenged West Pakistani domination and became a symbol of Bengali nationalism.
Answer: True
The Bengali language movement served as a significant challenge to West Pakistani dominance and emerged as a potent symbol of Bengali nationalism, contributing to the eventual independence movement.
The West Pakistani press viewed the Bengali language movement positively as a sign of democratic expression.
Answer: False
The West Pakistani press often viewed the Bengali language movement with suspicion, characterizing it as subversive rather than a positive expression of democracy.
February 21, 1952, is recognized as a pivotal date representing the first unified expression of Bangladesh's collective consciousness.
Answer: True
February 21, 1952, is widely regarded as a crucial date, signifying the initial unified expression of Bangladesh's collective consciousness and a significant step in its national identity formation.
The opposition in East Pakistan against the Pakistani government was primarily fueled by which issue?
Answer: The imposition of Urdu as the sole national language.
A principal grievance fueling opposition in East Pakistan was the attempt by the Pakistani government to impose Urdu as the sole national language, disregarding the prevalence of Bengali.
What movement arose in East Pakistan demanding recognition for the Bengali language?
Answer: The Bengali Language Movement
The Bengali Language Movement emerged in East Pakistan as a significant campaign demanding official recognition for the Bengali language.
Which party achieved electoral success in East Pakistan in 1954, advocating for autonomy?
Answer: Krishak Sramik Party
The Krishak Sramik Party, which advocated for greater autonomy for East Bengal, secured a significant electoral victory in the 1954 provincial elections.
Following the 1954 election in East Pakistan, who became chief minister, and what fate befell him and his party?
Answer: A. K. Fazlul Huq; they were removed from power and placed under house arrest.
A. K. Fazlul Huq assumed the role of chief minister after the 1954 election; however, his party was subsequently removed from power, and both he and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman were placed under house arrest.
The Agartala conspiracy case, initiated in 1968, accused East Pakistanis of attempting to separate the country with support from West Pakistan.
Answer: False
The Agartala conspiracy case, initiated in 1968, accused East Pakistanis of attempting to separate from Pakistan with support from India, not West Pakistan.
The 1969 East Pakistan mass uprising led to the strengthening of the Agartala conspiracy case against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Answer: False
The mass uprising in East Pakistan in 1969 resulted in the dismissal of charges in the Agartala conspiracy case, rather than its strengthening.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proposed naming East Pakistan 'Bangladesh' during a party meeting in December 1969.
Answer: True
During a party meeting on December 5, 1969, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman suggested that East Pakistan be named 'Bangladesh' should it achieve independence.
The Awami League won a majority of seats in the 1970 Pakistani general election, including those in the National Assembly.
Answer: True
The Awami League secured a decisive victory in the 1970 Pakistani general election, winning a majority of seats in both the National Assembly and the provincial assembly.
The military administration of Pakistan, led by General Yahya Khan, allowed the Awami League to form the government after their 1970 election victory.
Answer: False
Despite winning the 1970 election, the Awami League was prevented from forming the government by the military administration under General Yahya Khan.
What was the 'Agartala conspiracy case' initiated in 1968?
Answer: A case accusing East Pakistanis of attempting separation with Indian support.
The 'Agartala conspiracy case,' launched in 1968, alleged that prominent East Pakistanis, including Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, were involved in an attempt to achieve separation from Pakistan with Indian backing.
How did the 1969 mass uprising in East Pakistan influence the Agartala conspiracy case?
Answer: It resulted in the dropping of charges against the accused.
The widespread mass uprising in East Pakistan during 1969 led to the eventual withdrawal of charges in the Agartala conspiracy case.
What was the Awami League's electoral performance in the 1970 Pakistani general election?
Answer: They won 167 seats in the National Assembly.
The Awami League achieved a significant electoral triumph in the 1970 Pakistani general election, securing 167 seats in the National Assembly, which constituted a majority.
Why was the Awami League prevented from forming a government after winning the 1970 election?
Answer: The military administration under General Yahya Khan refused to allow it.
Despite securing a majority in the 1970 election, the Awami League was denied the opportunity to form the government by Pakistan's military administration, led by General Yahya Khan.
The formal declaration of Bangladesh's independence occurred on March 26, 1971, a date now observed annually as Independence Day.
Answer: True
The formal declaration of Bangladesh's independence occurred on March 26, 1971, and this date is commemorated annually as Independence Day.
Victory Day in Bangladesh commemorates the declaration of independence in March 1971.
Answer: False
Victory Day in Bangladesh commemorates the conclusion of the Bangladesh Liberation War on December 16, 1971, with the surrender of Pakistani forces, not the declaration of independence in March 1971.
The 1970 Bhola cyclone caused minimal damage in East Pakistan, leading to widespread public satisfaction with the government's response.
Answer: False
The 1970 Bhola cyclone inflicted catastrophic damage in East Pakistan, and the perceived inadequacy of the Pakistan government's relief efforts significantly fueled public discontent.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's March 7, 1971, speech urged obedience to the West Pakistan administration and payment of taxes.
Answer: False
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's historic March 7, 1971, speech called for resistance against the West Pakistan administration and urged the populace not to obey their orders or pay taxes.
On March 19, 1971, soldiers at the Gazipur Ordnance Factory fired on protesting Bengali crowds, leading to a skirmish.
Answer: False
On March 19, 1971, soldiers at the Gazipur Ordnance Factory refused to fire on protesting Bengali crowds; a skirmish occurred between East and West Pakistani soldiers stationed there.
Soldiers of the East Pakistan Rifles raised the flag of independent Bangladesh in Jessore District on March 24, 1971.
Answer: True
On March 24, 1971, soldiers of the East Pakistan Rifles hoisted the flag of independent Bangladesh in Jessore District, signifying a clear move towards secession.
Operation Searchlight was a military crackdown launched by the Pakistan Army on East Pakistan, commencing on March 26, 1971.
Answer: True
Operation Searchlight, a military crackdown by the Pakistan Army against East Pakistan, commenced on March 26, 1971, coinciding with the declaration of martial law.
The Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence was broadcast on March 26, 1971, from the radio station in Chittagong.
Answer: True
The Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence was broadcast on March 26, 1971, from the radio station in Kalurghat, Chittagong, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Major Ziaur Rahman proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh on March 27, 1971, from Dhaka.
Answer: False
Major Ziaur Rahman proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh on March 27, 1971, from Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra (radio station), not from Dhaka.
The Bangladesh Liberation War lasted approximately nine months, concluding in December 1971.
Answer: True
The Bangladesh Liberation War commenced on March 26, 1971, and concluded nine months later on December 16, 1971.
During the Liberation War, the Pakistan Army primarily targeted religious minorities and supporters of Bangladesh's independence.
Answer: True
The Pakistan Army's actions during the Liberation War included targeted violence against religious minorities and individuals advocating for Bangladesh's independence, constituting the Bangladesh Genocide.
Approximately 15 million refugees fled East Pakistan to India during the war.
Answer: True
An estimated 15 million refugees sought refuge in India from East Pakistan during the course of the war.
Vijay Diwas commemorates the victory of Pakistani forces over Indian and Bangladeshi forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Answer: False
Vijay Diwas, observed in India, commemorates the victory of the joint Indian and Bangladeshi forces over the Pakistani military in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Approximately 40,000 military personnel were killed during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Answer: True
The Bangladesh Liberation War resulted in the deaths of approximately 40,000 military personnel from all involved sides.
The estimated number of civilian deaths during the conflict ranges between 300,000 and 3,000,000.
Answer: True
Estimates for civilian fatalities during the Bangladesh Liberation War range significantly, from 300,000 to as high as 3,000,000, reflecting the scale of the Bangladesh Genocide.
Between 90,000 and 93,000 individuals were captured during the war.
Answer: True
During the conflict, an estimated 90,000 to 93,000 individuals were taken captive.
When was the independence of Bangladesh officially declared?
Answer: March 26, 1971
The official declaration of Bangladesh's independence occurred on March 26, 1971. While other dates like April 10, 1971 (formation of the government-in-exile) and March 27, 1971 (Major Ziaur Rahman's proclamation) are historically significant, March 26th marks the initial declaration.
What event is commemorated as Victory Day in Bangladesh?
Answer: The surrender of Pakistani forces
Victory Day in Bangladesh commemorates the conclusion of the Bangladesh Liberation War on December 16, 1971, marked by the surrender of Pakistani forces.
What significant event occurred on March 7, 1971, involving Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
Answer: He delivered a historic speech urging resistance against West Pakistan.
On March 7, 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a pivotal speech that galvanized the Bengali population, urging them to resist West Pakistani authority and prepare for independence.
What was the consequence of the 1970 Bhola cyclone in East Pakistan regarding the government's perception?
Answer: The government's response was seen as inadequate, fueling neglect.
The inadequate response by the Pakistan government to the devastation caused by the 1970 Bhola cyclone intensified feelings of neglect and alienation among the people of East Pakistan.
What military operation was launched by the Pakistan Army on March 26, 1971?
Answer: Operation Searchlight
Operation Searchlight, a significant military crackdown, was initiated by the Pakistan Army on East Pakistan commencing March 26, 1971.
Who broadcast the Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence on March 26, 1971, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
Answer: M. A. Hannan
M. A. Hannan, associated with the Awami League, broadcast the Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence on March 26, 1971, acting on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
From where did Major Ziaur Rahman proclaim the independence of Bangladesh on March 27, 1971?
Answer: Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra
Major Ziaur Rahman proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh on March 27, 1971, from the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra (radio station).
What was the estimated number of refugees who fled East Pakistan to India during the Liberation War?
Answer: 15 million
During the Bangladesh Liberation War, an estimated 15 million refugees sought safety by migrating from East Pakistan to India.
The Bangladesh Liberation War concluded with the surrender of Pakistani forces on which date?
Answer: December 16, 1971
The Bangladesh Liberation War officially concluded on December 16, 1971, with the formal surrender of the Pakistani armed forces.
Which group was targeted by the Pakistan Army during the Liberation War, leading to what is known as the Bangladesh Genocide?
Answer: Religious minorities and independence supporters
The Pakistan Army's campaign during the Liberation War involved systematic targeting of religious minorities and individuals supporting Bangladesh's independence, constituting the Bangladesh Genocide.
The government-in-exile of Bangladesh was formed on April 10, 1971, in Kolkata, India.
Answer: True
The government-in-exile of Bangladesh was established on April 10, 1971, by Bengali representatives convened in Kolkata, India.
Pakistan was the first country to recognize independent Bangladesh on December 6, 1971.
Answer: False
Bhutan was the first country to recognize Bangladesh on December 6, 1971; Pakistan did not recognize Bangladesh's independence.
India recognized Bangladesh on December 6, 1971, shortly after Bhutan's recognition.
Answer: True
India formally recognized Bangladesh on December 6, 1971, following Bhutan's recognition earlier that same day.
East Germany recognized Bangladesh on January 11, 1972, making it the fourth country to do so.
Answer: False
East Germany recognized Bangladesh on January 11, 1972, making it the third country to do so, after Bhutan and India.
Independence Day in Bangladesh is celebrated with parades and fireworks, and the National Flag is flown on all government buildings.
Answer: True
Independence Day, observed on March 26, is marked by national celebrations, including parades and the prominent display of the National Flag on all government edifices.
The Independence Day Award was established in 1977 and is presented on Victory Day.
Answer: False
The Independence Day Award was established in 1977 but is presented annually on Bangladesh's Independence Day, March 26, not Victory Day.
The first Independence Day was celebrated on March 26, 1972, featuring an address by Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman outlining government reforms.
Answer: True
The first Independence Day celebration took place on March 26, 1972, during which Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered an address detailing planned governmental reforms.
The independence of Bangladesh in 1971 established a national identity based primarily on religion, similar to Pakistan.
Answer: False
The independence of Bangladesh in 1971 established a national identity rooted in regional and linguistic factors, diverging from Pakistan's religion-based identity.
The Bangla Academy, established in the 1950s, plays a role in preserving and promoting Bengali language and culture.
Answer: True
The Bangla Academy, founded in the 1950s, continues to be instrumental in the preservation and promotion of Bengali language and culture, particularly through its publishing activities.
There is consensus among major political parties regarding who officially declared the independence of Bangladesh.
Answer: False
A notable controversy exists between major political parties, specifically the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, regarding the official declaration of Bangladesh's independence.
Eleven individuals were convicted by the International Crimes Tribunal for war crimes.
Answer: True
The International Crimes Tribunal rendered convictions against eleven individuals for war crimes committed during the conflict.
When and where was the government-in-exile of Bangladesh established?
Answer: April 10, 1971, in Kolkata, India
The government-in-exile of Bangladesh was formed on April 10, 1971, in Kolkata, India, by elected representatives.
Which country was the first to recognize Bangladesh on December 6, 1971?
Answer: Bhutan
Bhutan holds the distinction of being the first country to officially recognize Bangladesh, doing so on December 6, 1971.
How did the independence of Bangladesh in 1971 shape its national identity?
Answer: It established an identity based on regional and linguistic factors.
Upon achieving independence in 1971, Bangladesh forged a national identity centered on regional and linguistic characteristics, distinguishing itself from Pakistan's religion-centric foundation.
What controversy exists regarding the declaration of Bangladesh's independence?
Answer: The Awami League and BNP dispute who made the declaration.
A significant historical controversy persists between the Awami League and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) concerning the precise attribution of the official declaration of Bangladesh's independence.