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Total Categories: 6
The genus *Indigofera* is historically recognized for containing species utilized in the production of indigo dye.
Answer: True
Indeed, numerous species within the *Indigofera* genus have been historically significant sources for the production of indigo dye.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is classified within the plant family Asteraceae, which is commonly referred to as the daisy family.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. *Indigofera tsiangiana* belongs to the Fabaceae family, also known as the legume or pea family, not the Asteraceae.
The binomial nomenclature *Indigofera tsiangiana* is attributed to Linnaeus as its original describer.
Answer: False
This attribution is inaccurate. The binomial name *Indigofera tsiangiana* is credited to Metcalf, not Linnaeus.
The taxonomic designation *Indigofera linnaei* is recognized as a valid synonym for *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
Answer: True
This statement is correct. *Indigofera linnaei* is indeed listed as a recognized synonym for *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
To which botanical family does *Indigofera tsiangiana* belong?
Answer: Fabaceae (legume family)
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is classified within the family Fabaceae, commonly known as the legume or pea family.
Who is credited with the original assignment of the binomial name *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: Metcalf
The binomial nomenclature *Indigofera tsiangiana* is attributed to Metcalf.
Which of the following taxonomic designations is listed as a synonym for *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: *Indigofera caespitosa*
*Indigofera caespitosa* is recognized as one of the synonyms for *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
What specific taxonomic rank is represented by the binomial name *Indigofera*?
Answer: Genus
The name *Indigofera* represents the taxonomic rank of Genus.
Which of the following taxonomic designations is NOT listed as a synonym for *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: *Indigofera tinctoria*
*Indigofera tinctoria* is not listed as a synonym for *Indigofera tsiangiana*. The listed synonyms include *Indigofera debilis*, *Indigofera paludosa*, and *Indigofera caespitosa*.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is characterized by an erect, arboreal growth habit, attaining heights of up to 2 meters.
Answer: False
This description is inaccurate. *Indigofera tsiangiana* is typically a prostrate, woody herb, not an erect tree, and its height rarely exceeds 50 cm.
The plant *Indigofera tsiangiana* is classified as a herbaceous perennial exhibiting woody stem development.
Answer: True
This classification is accurate. *Indigofera tsiangiana* is described as a woody herb, fitting the description of a herbaceous perennial with woody stems.
The leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are typically arranged singly, alternating along the stem.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are arranged in compound leaves, typically with seven or nine leaflets per leaf, not singly along the stem.
The leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are characterized by being covered in fine, silky hairs, a condition known as sericeous.
Answer: True
This description is accurate. The leaflets are indeed described as sericeous, indicating the presence of fine, silky hairs.
The stipules of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are broad and resemble leaves, measuring up to 1 cm in length.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The stipules of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are described as lanceolate, approximately 3 mm long, and sericeous, not broad and leaf-like.
The flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* possess petals that are distinctly stalked.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are described as sessile, meaning they lack a stalk.
The petals of the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are typically observed to be blue or purple in coloration.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The petals of *Indigofera tsiangiana* flowers are described as red.
The calyx of the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* is bell-shaped (campanulate) and covered in villous (hairy) tissue.
Answer: True
This description is accurate. The calyx is indeed described as campanulate and covered in villous tissue.
The fruit pods of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are large and typically contain more than 10 seeds.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The fruit pods are described as oblong, measuring about 3–7 mm in length, and typically containing only two seeds.
The branches of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are characterized by the presence of dense, spreading hairs.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. The branches are described as having appressed white hairs, meaning they lie flat against the surface, rather than dense, spreading hairs.
What is the typical growth habit exhibited by *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: A spreading, prostrate woody herb up to 50 cm tall.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is characterized as a spreading, prostrate woody herb, typically reaching heights of 15 to 50 cm.
How are the leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* typically arranged within a compound leaf structure?
Answer: Seven or nine per compound leaf.
The leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are typically arranged seven or nine per compound leaf.
What is the characteristic color of the petals in the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: Red
The petals of the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are typically red.
How many seeds does the fruit pod of *Indigofera tsiangiana* typically contain?
Answer: Two
The fruit pod of *Indigofera tsiangiana* is typically oblong and contains two seeds.
What is the approximate maximum diameter that a mat formed by *Indigofera tsiangiana* can attain?
Answer: 1.5 meters
A mat formed by *Indigofera tsiangiana* can reach an approximate maximum diameter of 1.5 meters.
The leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are described as sericeous. What does this term signify?
Answer: Covered in fine, silky hairs.
The term 'sericeous' when applied to the leaflets of *Indigofera tsiangiana* indicates that they are covered in fine, silky hairs.
What is the characteristic shape of the calyx in the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: Campanulate (bell-shaped)
The calyx of the flowers of *Indigofera tsiangiana* is described as campanulate, meaning bell-shaped.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is native to the continent of South America.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. *Indigofera tsiangiana* is not native to South America; its native range includes parts of Africa and Asia, and it is naturalized in Australia.
The plant *Indigofera tsiangiana* is found in Australia across the states of Queensland, Western Australia, the Northern Territory, New South Wales, and South Australia.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The distribution of *Indigofera tsiangiana* in Australia encompasses these specified states and territories.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* exclusively inhabits sandy soil environments.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. While it can grow in sandy soils, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is also found in other habitats, including skeletal soils, red sands, cracking clays, sandstone and limestone ridges, and along riverbanks.
Which of the following geographical regions is NOT mentioned as part of the distribution of *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: South America
South America is not mentioned as part of the distribution of *Indigofera tsiangiana*; its known range includes Sudan, tropical Asia, and Australia.
According to the provided source, in which Australian state is *Indigofera tsiangiana* NOT found?
Answer: Victoria
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is not found in Victoria. Its distribution in Australia includes Queensland, Western Australia, the Northern Territory, New South Wales, and South Australia.
Within the Northern Territory, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is regarded as a native species exhibiting no weedy tendencies.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. In the Northern Territory, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is considered a weedy species, often found in disturbed or overgrazed areas.
In the Northern Territory, the flowering and fruiting of *Indigofera tsiangiana* are restricted solely to the summer months.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. In the Northern Territory, *Indigofera tsiangiana* flowers and fruits throughout the entire year.
In Western Australia, the flowering period of *Indigofera tsiangiana* occurs predominantly between January and May.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The flowering of *Indigofera tsiangiana* in Western Australia is primarily observed from January through May.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is listed as a rare species necessitating conservation efforts within Western Australia.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. According to the provided information, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is not considered a species of conservation concern in Western Australia.
In the Northern Territory of Australia, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is considered:
Answer: A weedy species in disturbed areas.
In the Northern Territory, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is classified as a weedy species, frequently found in disturbed or overgrazed environments.
What is the designated conservation status of *Indigofera tsiangiana* within Western Australia?
Answer: Not considered a species of conservation concern
In Western Australia, *Indigofera tsiangiana* is not considered a species requiring conservation concern, according to the relevant flora lists.
The plant *Indigofera tsiangiana* is implicated as the causative agent of "Birdsville disease" in equine populations.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. *Indigofera tsiangiana* is recognized as the plant responsible for "Birdsville disease," a condition affecting horses.
Current scientific research identifies 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) as the principal neurotoxin responsible for Birdsville disease in horses.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. Current research indicates that 3-NPA is the primary neurotoxin causing Birdsville disease in horses.
Equine species exhibit greater susceptibility than bovine species to the hepatotoxic effects induced by indospicene.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. Horses appear to be less susceptible than cattle to the liver-damaging effects of indospicene.
Canine species can develop Birdsville disease through direct ingestion of *Indigofera tsiangiana* while grazing.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. Dogs are susceptible to secondary poisoning, typically by consuming meat from livestock that have ingested the plant, rather than by direct grazing.
The accumulation of indospicine within livestock tissues primarily results in neurological damage.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. While indospicine is a toxin found in the plant, its primary effects mentioned are liver degeneration and abortion, not neurological damage.
What specific condition affecting horses is *Indigofera tsiangiana* identified as being responsible for?
Answer: Birdsville disease
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is responsible for "Birdsville disease," a condition that affects horses, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions of Australia.
Prior to current research findings, which toxic substances were initially suspected as the cause of toxicity associated with *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: Indospicine or canavanine
Initially, indospicine or canavanine were suspected as the toxic substances responsible for the adverse effects of *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
According to contemporary research, what is identified as the primary neurotoxin responsible for Birdsville disease in horses?
Answer: 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)
Current research indicates that 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is the primary neurotoxin responsible for the symptoms of Birdsville disease in horses.
How does the susceptibility of horses compare to that of cattle concerning the hepatotoxic (liver-damaging) effects of indospicene?
Answer: Horses appear less susceptible than cattle.
Horses appear to exhibit less susceptibility than cattle to the hepatotoxic effects induced by indospicene, indicating differential physiological responses among species.
Through what mechanism can dogs be poisoned by *Indigofera tsiangiana*?
Answer: By consuming meat from livestock that ate the plant.
Dogs can suffer poisoning indirectly by consuming meat from livestock, such as horses or camels, that have ingested *Indigofera tsiangiana*, as the toxin (indospicine) accumulates in the tissues.
What are the principal effects of indospicine accumulation within livestock tissues as detailed in the source material?
Answer: Liver degeneration and abortion.
The primary effects of indospicine accumulation in livestock tissues mentioned are liver degeneration and abortion.
The neurotoxic effect of *I. tsiangiana* on horses generally manifests:
Answer: Just after the rains.
The neurotoxic effect of *I. tsiangiana* on horses generally occurs just after the rains, as the plant responds more rapidly to moisture than other species.
The plant commonly designated by the appellation 'Birdsville indigo' is scientifically classified as *Indigofera prostrata*.
Answer: False
The correct scientific classification for the plant known as Birdsville indigo is *Indigofera tsiangiana*, not *Indigofera prostrata*.
The principal image presented in association with *Indigofera tsiangiana* is a cartographic representation detailing its geographical distribution within Australia.
Answer: False
This is incorrect. While a distribution map is present, the primary image is identified by the filename Indigofera_linnaei_Ali_(6256597365).jpg, which likely depicts the plant itself, given the synonymy.
The section designated 'Taxon identifiers' provides unique codes intended for cross-referencing the species within scientific databases.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. The 'Taxon identifiers' section lists unique codes and links that facilitate cross-referencing the species across various scientific databases.
*Indigofera tsiangiana* is recognized by the common name 'nine-leaved indigo'.
Answer: True
This statement is accurate. 'Nine-leaved indigo' is one of the common names associated with *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
What is the precise scientific nomenclature for the plant commonly referred to as Birdsville indigo?
Answer: *Indigofera tsiangiana*
The plant commonly known as Birdsville indigo is scientifically classified as *Indigofera tsiangiana*.
The distribution map image, identified as Indigofera_linnaeiDistMap37.png, presents data sourced from which specific organization?
Answer: Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH)
The distribution map image provides data sourced from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH).
What is the stated purpose of the 'Taxon identifiers' section within the provided documentation?
Answer: To offer unique codes for cross-referencing in databases.
The 'Taxon identifiers' section serves to provide unique codes and links for cross-referencing the species across various scientific databases and resources.