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The Intendancy of San Salvador was established in the early 1770s as a direct response to the American Revolution.
Answer: False
The Intendancy of San Salvador was established in 1785, not the early 1770s. While the broader context of Spanish reforms was influenced by global events, including the American Revolution, the specific establishment date is later.
The Intendancy of San Salvador constituted an independent administrative unit, entirely separate from the Spanish Empire.
Answer: False
The Intendancy of San Salvador was an administrative division *within* the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and thus integral to the Spanish Empire. It was not an independent entity.
The Bourbon Reforms were designed to decentralize power within the Spanish colonies, thereby granting greater autonomy to local elites.
Answer: False
The primary objective of the Bourbon Reforms was to centralize governance and strengthen royal authority, not to decentralize power or grant more autonomy to local elites. These reforms aimed to diminish the influence of colonial elites.
Prior to the establishment of the Intendancy in 1785, the region's governance was administered by the Greater Mayorship of San Salvador.
Answer: True
Indeed, before the creation of the Intendancy of San Salvador in 1785, the administrative structure in place was the Greater Mayorship of San Salvador, which represented an earlier form of colonial governance.
The establishment of the Intendancy of San Salvador resulted in a significant augmentation of the power vested in the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Answer: False
Conversely, the creation of the Intendancy of San Salvador, along with other similar administrative units, significantly diminished the power and influence previously held by the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
The establishment of the Intendancy of San Salvador served to strengthen Guatemala's economic control over the lucrative indigo exports.
Answer: False
On the contrary, the formation of the Intendancy of San Salvador in 1785 diminished Guatemala's economic control, as it gained direct management over the significant indigo export revenues that were previously managed by Guatemala.
The establishment of the Intendancy of San Salvador occurred during the historical period characterized by Enlightenment reforms.
Answer: True
This is correct. The Intendancy of San Salvador was established in 1785 as part of the broader Bourbon Reforms, which were heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideals concerning rational governance and administrative efficiency.
The infobox associated with the Intendancy of San Salvador includes a depiction of the flag of the United States.
Answer: False
This is incorrect. The infobox for the Intendancy of San Salvador displays the flag of Spain and the coat of arms of New Spain, not the flag of the United States.
A principal objective of the Bourbon Reforms was to reinforce the Spanish monarchy's authority and control over its colonial territories.
Answer: True
This is correct. The Bourbon Reforms were a series of measures implemented by the Spanish Crown with the explicit aim of centralizing power, increasing administrative efficiency, and strengthening royal control over the colonies.
What was the principal administrative and economic context in which the Intendancy of San Salvador operated?
Answer: An administrative division within the Captaincy General of Guatemala, part of New Spain.
The Intendancy of San Salvador functioned as an administrative division within the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which itself was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and thus an integral component of the Spanish Empire.
The establishment of the Intendancy of San Salvador was a component of which significant Spanish administrative reform initiative?
Answer: The Bourbon Reforms
The Intendancy of San Salvador was established as part of the comprehensive Bourbon Reforms, a series of administrative and economic changes implemented by the Spanish Crown in the late 18th century.
In 1785, the Intendancy of San Salvador was instituted, replacing which prior administrative entity?
Answer: The Greater Mayorship of San Salvador
The Intendancy of San Salvador replaced the Greater Mayorship of San Salvador, which had been the primary administrative unit governing the region prior to the implementation of the Bourbon Reforms.
What was the impact of the establishment of the Intendancy of San Salvador on the administrative authority of the Captaincy General of Guatemala?
Answer: It significantly reduced the Captaincy General's power and influence.
The creation of the Intendancy of San Salvador led to a significant reduction in the power and influence of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, as direct royal administration was implemented in the region.
Among the following administrative divisions, which one was NOT established during the same Bourbon Reform period that saw the creation of the Intendancy of San Salvador?
Answer: Guatemala City
While Comayagua, León, and San Salvador were established as intendancies during the Bourbon Reforms, Guatemala City remained the seat of the Captaincy General and was not itself established as a new intendancy during that specific reform period.
What was the primary objective pursued by the Spanish Crown through the implementation of the Bourbon Reforms?
Answer: Centralize governance and strengthen royal authority.
The primary goal of the Bourbon Reforms was to centralize governance structures and significantly strengthen the Spanish monarchy's direct authority over its colonial possessions.
During the reign of which Spanish monarch was the Intendancy of San Salvador initially established in 1785?
Answer: Charles III
The Intendancy of San Salvador was established in 1785 during the reign of Charles III, who was a key proponent of the Bourbon Reforms.
San Salvador functioned as the designated capital city for the Intendancy of San Salvador.
Answer: True
Yes, San Salvador was indeed the capital city of the Intendancy of San Salvador throughout its existence from 1785 to 1821.
Manuel Fradique y Goyena held the position of the first colonial intendant, appointed in 1785.
Answer: False
This statement is incorrect. Manuel Fradique y Goyena was the former mayor of the region. The first colonial intendant appointed was José Ortiz de la Peña, who took office in 1786.
A single interim intendant held the position between the death of Ignacio Santiago Ulloa and the subsequent appointment of Antonio Gutiérrez y Ulloa.
Answer: False
This statement is false. A total of eight interim intendants served during the period between Ignacio Santiago Ulloa's death and the appointment of Antonio Gutiérrez y Ulloa.
Identify the individual who served as the inaugural colonial intendant appointed to govern the Intendancy of San Salvador.
Answer: José Ortiz de la Peña
The first colonial intendant appointed to lead the Intendancy of San Salvador was José Ortiz de la Peña, who commenced his duties in 1786.
Quantify the number of interim intendants who served between the death of Ignacio Santiago Ulloa and the subsequent appointment of Antonio Gutiérrez y Ulloa.
Answer: Eight
A total of eight interim intendants served during the period from 1798, following Ulloa's death, until 1805 when Antonio Gutiérrez y Ulloa was appointed.
Identify the individual who held the position of the final colonial intendant of San Salvador prior to its dissolution.
Answer: Pedro Barriere
Pedro Barriere served as the last colonial intendant of San Salvador, holding the office from 1819 until the intendancy's dissolution in 1821.
Which description most accurately characterizes the governmental structure of the Intendancy of San Salvador?
Answer: An Intendancy led by a colonial intendant appointed by the Crown.
The Intendancy of San Salvador was governed by a colonial intendant, an official appointed directly by the Spanish Crown, as part of the centralized administrative reforms.
Spanish constituted the sole officially recognized and commonly spoken language within the administrative boundaries of the Intendancy.
Answer: True
Spanish was the official language of the Spanish Empire and was indeed the commonly spoken language within the Intendancy of San Salvador. While indigenous languages may have persisted in certain communities, Spanish held official status and prevalence.
During the tenure of Intendant Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet, indigo production experienced a decline attributed to labor shortages.
Answer: True
Yes, Carondelet's administration is associated with a decrease in indigo production. This decline was linked to the reduced availability of indigenous labor, partly due to his recruitment policies for Spanish laborers.
The recruitment policies enacted by Intendant Carondelet resulted in a reduction of the lighter-skinned population in northern El Salvador.
Answer: False
This is incorrect. Carondelet's recruitment policies led to an *increase* in the lighter-skinned population in northern El Salvador, as Spanish laborers were brought into the region.
A Spanish Crown policy enacted in 1782 resulted in diminished trade and subsequent economic decline within San Salvador.
Answer: False
This is false. The Spanish Crown policy implemented in 1782 involved the reduction of tariffs and fees on trade, which stimulated economic activity, leading to increased imports and exports and overall economic growth in San Salvador.
What commodity served as the principal economic driver and primary export for the Intendancy of San Salvador?
Answer: Indigo
Indigo was the predominant cash crop and the primary export commodity, forming the backbone of the Intendancy's economy.
What notable demographic shift occurred in northern El Salvador during the period of Carondelet's administration as Intendant?
Answer: An increase in the lighter-skinned population due to Spanish labor recruitment.
During Carondelet's tenure, the recruitment of Spanish laborers led to a significant increase in the lighter-skinned population in northern El Salvador, particularly in areas like the Chalatenango Department.
What was the economic consequence for San Salvador resulting from the Spanish Crown's trade policy implemented in 1782?
Answer: It significantly increased imports and exports, boosting economic growth.
The 1782 policy, which reduced trade tariffs and fees, significantly boosted economic activity by increasing both imports and exports, thereby fostering economic growth within San Salvador.
What was the recorded population of the Intendancy of San Salvador by the year 1800?
Answer: 145,906
By the year 1800, the population of the Intendancy of San Salvador was recorded at 145,906 individuals.
What was the stated objective behind Intendant Carondelet's initiative to recruit Spanish laborers within San Salvador?
Answer: To increase the Spanish population, though it led to decreased indigo production.
The stated purpose of Carondelet's recruitment was to increase the Spanish population in the region. However, this policy inadvertently led to a decrease in indigo production due to the displacement or decline of the indigenous labor force.
Which statement accurately characterizes the population dynamics within the Intendancy of San Salvador between the years 1778 and 1800?
Answer: The population increased by nearly 30,000.
Between 1778 and 1800, the population of the Intendancy of San Salvador experienced growth, increasing from approximately 117,436 to 145,906, representing an increase of nearly 30,000 individuals.
What was the primary significance of the 1782 Spanish Crown policy concerning trade within the colonies?
Answer: It reduced trade tariffs, stimulating economic activity.
The 1782 policy's significance lay in its reduction of trade tariffs and fees between Spain and its colonies, which stimulated economic activity by increasing both imports and exports.
What specific economic consequence resulted from the decline of the indigenous population during Intendant Carondelet's administration?
Answer: A decrease in indigo production.
The decline in the indigenous population, partly due to Carondelet's labor recruitment policies, contributed directly to a decrease in the overall production of indigo, a key economic commodity.
The Independence Movement of 1811 achieved the successful and permanent overthrow of Spanish rule within San Salvador.
Answer: False
The 1811 Independence Movement was a significant event that led to the temporary overthrow of the Intendant, but it did not result in the permanent establishment of independence from Spain at that time. Full independence was achieved later.
The Act of Independence of Central America was formally signed on September 21, 1821.
Answer: False
The Act of Independence of Central America was signed on September 15, 1821. While September 21, 1821, marks the date the Intendancy of San Salvador accepted this declaration and was dissolved, the signing date of the Act itself was September 15th.
Subsequent to achieving independence, the administrative structure known as the Intendancy of San Salvador was dissolved and reconstituted as the Province of San Salvador.
Answer: True
This is accurate. Following the acceptance of the Act of Independence of Central America, the Intendancy of San Salvador was dissolved and reorganized into the Province of San Salvador.
Pedro Barriere, who served as the final intendant, retired from public service immediately upon the dissolution of the intendancy in 1821.
Answer: False
This is incorrect. Pedro Barriere, the last intendant, did not retire immediately. Following the dissolution in 1821, he transitioned to the role of political chief of the newly formed Province of San Salvador.
The Intendancy of San Salvador was succeeded by the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
Answer: False
The Intendancy of San Salvador was succeeded by the Province of San Salvador, which then became part of the United Provinces of Central America. It was not succeeded by the Captaincy General of Guatemala, whose influence had already waned.
The Intendancy of San Salvador was dissolved on September 21, 1821, subsequent to the declaration outlined in the Act of Independence of Central America.
Answer: True
This is accurate. The Intendancy of San Salvador was dissolved on September 21, 1821, following the formal acceptance of the Act of Independence of Central America.
Identify a key figure who played a significant role in the drafting of the Act of Independence of Central America.
Answer: José Matías Delgado
José Matías Delgado was among the prominent figures involved in the drafting and advocacy for the Act of Independence of Central America.
On which specific date was the Act of Independence of Central America formally signed, marking the declaration of independence from Spain?
Answer: September 15, 1821
The Act of Independence of Central America was formally signed on September 15, 1821.
Following the dissolution of the Intendancy of San Salvador in 1821, what administrative entity emerged to succeed it?
Answer: The Province of San Salvador
The Intendancy of San Salvador was succeeded by the Province of San Salvador, which subsequently became part of the newly formed United Provinces of Central America.
Following the period of independence, what new role did Pedro Barriere assume within the newly established Province of San Salvador, transitioning from his position as Intendant?
Answer: Political Chief
After the dissolution of the intendancy and the achievement of independence, Pedro Barriere transitioned from his role as Intendant to serve as the political chief of the Province of San Salvador.
Upon its dissolution in 1821, the Intendancy of San Salvador became part of which newly established political entity?
Answer: The United Provinces of Central America
Following its dissolution, the Intendancy of San Salvador joined the United Provinces of Central America, a new nation formed after independence from Spain.
In what specific year did the administrative entity known as the Intendancy of San Salvador cease to exist?
Answer: 1821
The Intendancy of San Salvador ceased to exist in the year 1821, coinciding with the declaration of independence for Central America.