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Total Categories: 4
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) was established in 1957 to primarily collect and analyze global seismicity data.
Answer: False
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) was formed in 1964, not 1957, to continue the work of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) and manage increased data from the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN).
The main scientific objective of the ISC is to conduct real-time monitoring of seismic events for immediate public alerts.
Answer: False
The main scientific objective of the ISC is the definitive compilation of earthquake information and seismic readings, rather than real-time monitoring for immediate public alerts.
P.L. Willmore was the first Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1964 to 1970.
Answer: False
P.L. Willmore was the first Director of the International Seismological Centre (ISC), serving from 1964 to 1970, not the International Seismological Summary (ISS).
J. Milne was responsible for publishing 'Reports on Large Earthquakes' from 1912 to 1917.
Answer: False
H.H. Turner, not J. Milne, was responsible for publishing 'Reports on Large Earthquakes' from 1912 to 1917.
H.H. Turner held the directorship of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) for the longest continuous period listed, from 1918 to 1931.
Answer: True
H.H. Turner indeed held the directorship of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) for the longest continuous period listed, serving from 1918 to 1931.
R. Stoneley served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1952 to 1960.
Answer: True
R. Stoneley served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1952 to 1960, immediately preceding P.L. Willmore's tenure.
Sir Harold Jeffreys served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1931 to 1939.
Answer: False
Sir Harold Jeffreys served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1939 to 1952, not from 1931 to 1939.
The World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) was created in 1964, prompting the formation of the ISC.
Answer: True
The World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN) was indeed created in 1964, and its establishment, along with the need to continue the work of the ISS, prompted the formation of the ISC in the same year.
What is the primary mission of the International Seismological Centre (ISC)?
Answer: To conduct definitive analysis, final collection, and publication of global seismicity data.
The primary mission of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) is the final collection, definitive analysis, and publication of global seismicity data, aiming for a precise and complete record of seismic activity.
When was the International Seismological Centre (ISC) formed?
Answer: 1964
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) was formed in 1964 as an international organization.
What prompted the establishment of the ISC in 1964?
Answer: The need to continue the work of the ISS and handle increased data from the WWSSN.
The establishment of the ISC in 1964 was prompted by the need to continue the work of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) and to manage the increased flow of seismic data from the newly created World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN).
What is the main scientific objective guiding the ISC's operations?
Answer: The definitive compilation of earthquake information and seismic readings.
The main scientific objective guiding the ISC's operations is the definitive compilation of earthquake information and the seismic readings upon which these events are based, ensuring a precise and complete record.
Who was responsible for publishing the 'Shide Circular Reports on Earthquakes' between 1900 and 1912?
Answer: J. Milne
J. Milne was responsible for publishing the 'Shide Circular Reports on Earthquakes' during the period from 1900 to 1912.
Which individual held the directorship of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) for the longest continuous period listed in the source?
Answer: H.H. Turner
H.H. Turner held the directorship of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) for the longest continuous period listed, serving from 1918 to 1931.
What was the name of the publication that H.H. Turner published from 1912 to 1917?
Answer: Reports on Large Earthquakes
H.H. Turner was the publisher of 'Reports on Large Earthquakes' from 1912 to 1917.
Who served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) immediately prior to P.L. Willmore's tenure?
Answer: R. Stoneley
R. Stoneley served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1952 to 1960, immediately preceding P.L. Willmore's tenure in that role.
Who served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1939 to 1952?
Answer: Sir Harold Jeffreys
Sir Harold Jeffreys served as the Director of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) from 1939 to 1952.
Besides instrumental readings, the ISC also collects reports detailing the effects of earthquakes to gain a more holistic understanding.
Answer: True
In addition to instrumental seismic readings, the ISC collects reports detailing the effects of earthquakes, which contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of seismic events.
Prior to 1957, earthquake locations for the International Seismological Summary (ISS) were primarily determined using computer algorithms.
Answer: False
Prior to 1957, earthquake locations for the International Seismological Summary (ISS) were determined manually with the aid of a large globe, before the shift to computer handling of data.
The ISC analyzes earthquake data in quarterly batches, beginning after at least 6 months have passed since the events occurred.
Answer: False
The ISC analyzes earthquake data in monthly batches, commencing at least 18 months after the events have occurred, to ensure the completeness of information for definitive analysis.
Human seismologists are no longer involved in the ISC's data analysis due to extensive computerization.
Answer: False
Despite extensive computerization, human seismologists retain a critical role in the ISC's data analysis, performing final editing of large earthquake events and scrutinizing computer output for accuracy.
In a typical month, the ISC analyzes over 200,000 station readings, identifying approximately 10,000 events.
Answer: True
A typical month at the ISC involves the analysis of over 200,000 station readings, from which approximately 10,000 seismic events are identified.
The ISC's computer program first groups origin estimates from various agencies before associating individual station readings with probable seismic events.
Answer: True
The ISC's computer program initiates its processing by grouping origin estimates from various agencies, subsequently associating individual station readings with the most probable seismic events.
The ISC ensures a comprehensive list of events by only reviewing data from major worldwide location services.
Answer: False
The ISC ensures a comprehensive list of events by actively rectifying misassociations, searching unassociated readings, and adding previously unreported earthquakes, thereby surpassing the coverage of other worldwide location services.
The ISC currently uses a network of personal computers accessing a flat-file database for its operations.
Answer: False
The ISC currently utilizes a network of workstations accessing a relational database for its operations, not personal computers accessing a flat-file database.
Approximately 4,000 identified seismic events require manual review by seismologists in a typical month.
Answer: True
In a typical month, out of approximately 10,000 identified events, about 4,000 require manual review by human seismologists to ensure accuracy and quality.
Besides instrumental seismic readings, what other crucial information does the ISC collect?
Answer: Reports detailing the effects of earthquakes.
Beyond instrumental seismic readings, the ISC also collects reports detailing the effects of earthquakes, contributing to a more holistic understanding of seismic events.
What significant technological shift occurred in the ISC's data manipulation process after 1957?
Answer: Transition from manual calculations to computer handling of large data volumes.
After 1957, the ISC's data manipulation process underwent a significant technological shift, moving from manual calculations to the handling of large data volumes primarily by computer.
What kind of database does the ISC currently utilize for its operations?
Answer: A relational database.
The ISC currently utilizes a network of workstations that access a relational database containing nearly 50 gigabytes of online data for its operations.
What is the typical timeline for the ISC's earthquake data analysis in monthly batches?
Answer: After at least 18 months have passed.
The ISC undertakes the analysis of earthquake data in monthly batches, beginning after at least 18 months have passed since the events occurred, to ensure the completeness of information.
What critical role do human seismologists play in the ISC's data analysis despite extensive computerization?
Answer: They perform final editing of large earthquake events and scrutinize computer output.
Despite extensive computerization, human seismologists play a critical role in the ISC's data analysis by performing final editing of large earthquake events and scrutinizing computer output for accuracy and potential misassociations.
In a typical month, how many station readings does the ISC analyze, and how many events are identified?
Answer: More than 200,000 readings, 10,000 events.
In a typical month, the ISC analyzes more than 200,000 station readings, leading to the identification of an average of 10,000 events.
How does the ISC ensure its list of earthquake events is fully comprehensive, surpassing other services?
Answer: By rectifying misassociations, searching unassociated readings, and adding unreported earthquakes.
To ensure a fully comprehensive list, the ISC rectifies misassociations, actively searches unassociated readings for new events, and adds previously unreported earthquakes, resulting in a significantly larger number of listed events than other services.
How does the ISC's approach to identifying events, including manual review, ensure data quality?
Answer: By combining automated processing with expert human scrutiny to rectify misassociations and identify new events.
The ISC's approach to identifying events ensures data quality by combining automated processing of over 200,000 station readings monthly with expert human scrutiny, where approximately 4,000 identified events undergo manual review to rectify misassociations and identify previously unreported earthquakes.
The ISC Bulletin's Reviewed Bulletin is considered the definitive record of the Earth's seismicity after approximately two years of data review and recalculation.
Answer: True
The ISC Bulletin's Reviewed Bulletin is indeed considered 'the definitive record of the Earth's seismicity' after a comprehensive review and recalculation of data, typically spanning about two years.
The original EHB Bulletin contained events from 1900 to 2008, which has since been replaced by the ISC-EHB Bulletin extending to 2013.
Answer: False
The original EHB Bulletin covered events from 1960 to 2008, not 1900. The ISC-EHB Bulletin is an updated version that replaced it, extending the catalog to include events up to 2013.
The ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue was created to catalog earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 or greater for seismic hazard modeling.
Answer: False
The ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue was specifically created to catalog earthquakes of magnitude 5.5 or greater, not 4.0, for seismic hazard and risk modeling.
For the ISC-GEM Catalogue, epicentral locations and hypocentral depths are recalculated from original travel time data using a consistent velocity model.
Answer: True
Epicentral locations and hypocentral depths for the ISC-GEM Catalogue are indeed meticulously recalculated from original travel time data, employing a consistent velocity model to ensure accuracy and uniformity.
The body wave magnitude scale (Mb) is predominantly used in the ISC-GEM Catalogue, with values derived from published seismic moment values.
Answer: False
The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale is predominantly used in the ISC-GEM Catalogue, with values derived from reliable published seismic moment values or converted from other magnitudes, not primarily the body wave magnitude scale (Mb).
The IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database includes only natural earthquakes, excluding explosions.
Answer: False
The IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database includes both earthquakes and explosions, characterized by their highly precise hypocenter locations.
The IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database is primarily significant for improving the understanding of the Earth's internal structure and calibrating seismic networks.
Answer: True
The IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database is primarily significant for enhancing the understanding of the Earth's internal structure and for the accurate calibration of seismic networks.
The ISC's Event Bibliography catalogs scientific papers that discuss over 14,000 seismic events, primarily in German.
Answer: False
The ISC's Event Bibliography catalogs scientific papers, primarily in English, that discuss over 14,000 seismic events, not primarily in German.
Converting various magnitude scales to Moment Magnitude (Mw) in the ISC-GEM Catalogue aims to provide a uniform measure of earthquake size for hazard modeling.
Answer: True
The conversion of various magnitude scales to Moment Magnitude (Mw) in the ISC-GEM Catalogue is undertaken to ensure consistency and provide a uniform measure of earthquake size, which is crucial for accurate seismic hazard and risk modeling.
The minimum magnitude threshold for earthquakes in the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue is magnitude 5.0.
Answer: False
The minimum magnitude threshold for earthquakes included in the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue is magnitude 5.5 or greater, not 5.0.
What is the relationship between the original EHB Bulletin and the current ISC-EHB Bulletin?
Answer: The ISC-EHB Bulletin is an updated version that replaced the original EHB Bulletin, extending the catalog to 2013.
The ISC-EHB Bulletin is an updated version that replaced the original EHB Bulletin, which covered events from 1960 to 2008, extending the catalog to include events up to 2013.
For what specific purpose was the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue created?
Answer: To catalog earthquakes of magnitude 5.5 or greater for seismic hazard and risk modeling.
The ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue was created at the request of the Global Earthquake Model (GEM Foundation) specifically to catalog earthquakes of magnitude 5.5 or greater, suitable for seismic hazard and risk modeling.
How are epicentral locations and hypocentral depths determined for the ISC-GEM Catalogue?
Answer: They are meticulously recalculated from original travel time data using a consistent velocity model.
For the ISC-GEM Catalogue, epicentral locations and hypocentral depths are meticulously recalculated from original travel time data, employing a consistent velocity model to ensure accuracy and uniformity.
Which magnitude scale is predominantly used in the ISC-GEM Catalogue?
Answer: Moment magnitude (Mw)
The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale is predominantly used in the ISC-GEM Catalogue, with values derived from reliable published seismic moment values or converted from other magnitudes.
What types of events are included in the IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database?
Answer: Earthquakes and explosions with hypocenters located with high precision.
The IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database includes both earthquakes and explosions, characterized by their hypocenters being located with high precision, typically within 10 kilometers or less.
What is the primary significance of the IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database?
Answer: To improve understanding of Earth's internal structure and calibrate seismic networks.
The primary significance of the IASPEI Ground Truth (GT) reference events database is to improve the understanding of the Earth's internal structure and to serve as crucial references for more accurately calibrating seismic networks.
What is the purpose and benefit of the ISC's Event Bibliography?
Answer: To catalog scientific papers discussing specific seismic events, avoiding common search problems.
The ISC's Event Bibliography catalogs scientific papers, primarily in English, that specifically discuss over 14,000 seismic events, thereby avoiding common search problems encountered with general search services.
What is the purpose of converting various magnitude scales to Moment Magnitude (Mw) in the ISC-GEM Catalogue?
Answer: To ensure consistency and provide a uniform measure of earthquake size for hazard modeling.
The purpose of converting various magnitude scales to Moment Magnitude (Mw) in the ISC-GEM Catalogue is to ensure consistency and provide a uniform measure of earthquake size, which is crucial for accurate seismic hazard and risk modeling.
What is the minimum magnitude threshold for earthquakes included in the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue?
Answer: Magnitude 5.5
The minimum magnitude threshold for earthquakes included in the ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue is magnitude 5.5 or greater.
The ISC's earthquake catalog is widely recognized as the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data.
Answer: True
The ISC's earthquake catalog holds the distinction of being 'the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data,' as recognized within the seismological community.
D.A. Storchak has been the Director of the International Seismological Centre since 2008.
Answer: True
According to the provided information, D.A. Storchak has served as the Director of the International Seismological Centre from 2008 to the present.
In 2018, the International Seismological Centre had a staff count of 15 individuals.
Answer: False
In 2018, the International Seismological Centre had a staff count of 20 individuals, not 15.
The official web address for the International Seismological Centre is http://www.isc.org/.
Answer: False
The official web address for the International Seismological Centre is http://www.isc.ac.uk/, not http://www.isc.org/.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) refers to the ISC's final bulletin as 'preliminary' because the ISC's role is to provide the definitive record of global earthquake data.
Answer: True
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) refers to the ISC's final bulletin as 'preliminary' precisely because the ISC holds the authoritative role as the definitive record of global earthquake parameter data, making other initial reports preliminary.
The International Seismological Centre is structured as a governmental, for-profit organization.
Answer: False
The International Seismological Centre is structured as a non-governmental, nonprofit organization, operating independently of direct government control and without a profit motive.
A.A. Hughes served the longest continuous term as Director of the International Seismological Centre, from 1977 to 1997.
Answer: True
A.A. Hughes indeed served the longest continuous term as Director of the International Seismological Centre, holding the position from 1977 to 1997.
The ISC's comprehensive data collection and definitive analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of earthquake phenomena worldwide.
Answer: True
The ISC's comprehensive data collection and definitive analysis are fundamental to fostering a deeper understanding of earthquake phenomena across the globe.
How is the ISC's earthquake catalog recognized within the global seismological community?
Answer: As the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data.
The ISC's earthquake catalog is recognized as 'the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data,' serving as a definitive source for worldwide earthquake information.
Who is the current Director of the International Seismological Centre, as of the latest information provided?
Answer: D.A. Storchak
According to the provided information, D.A. Storchak has been the Director of the International Seismological Centre from 2008 to the present.
Who was the first individual to serve as Director of the International Seismological Centre after its formation in 1964?
Answer: P.L. Willmore
P.L. Willmore was the first individual to serve as Director of the International Seismological Centre, holding the position from 1964 to 1970.
What was the staff count of the International Seismological Centre in 2018?
Answer: 20
In 2018, the International Seismological Centre had a staff count of 20 individuals.
Why does the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) refer to the ISC's final bulletin as 'preliminary'?
Answer: Because the ISC's authoritative role makes its bulletin the definitive record, rendering other reports preliminary.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) refers to the ISC's final bulletin publication as 'preliminary' due to the ISC's authoritative role as the definitive record of global earthquake parameter data, implying that other initial reports are considered preliminary until the ISC's comprehensive analysis is available.
What is the organizational structure of the International Seismological Centre?
Answer: A non-governmental, nonprofit organization.
The International Seismological Centre is structured as a non-governmental, nonprofit organization, operating independently of direct government control and without a profit motive.
Which director served the longest continuous term for the International Seismological Centre itself?
Answer: A.A. Hughes (1977-1997)
A.A. Hughes served the longest continuous term as Director of the International Seismological Centre, from 1977 to 1997.
What is the primary benefit of the ISC being an international organization independent of national governments?
Answer: It ensures an unbiased and globally consistent collection, analysis, and publication of seismicity data.
The primary benefit of the ISC's independence as an international organization is its ability to provide an unbiased and globally consistent collection, analysis, and publication of seismicity data, fostering trust and a neutral scientific approach.