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Manifest Destiny and the spoils system were key ideologies of Jacksonian democracy.
Answer: True
The key ideologies of Jacksonian democracy included both Manifest Destiny and the spoils system, among others.
Andrew Jackson championed an equal political policy aimed at ending what he termed a monopoly of government by elites.
Answer: True
Andrew Jackson advocated for an equal political policy with the goal of ending what he described as a 'monopoly of government by elites,' reflecting a desire for broader public participation.
According to Robert V. Remini, a fundamental belief of Jacksonian Democracy was that the people are sovereign and the majority rules.
Answer: True
Historian Robert V. Remini stated that Jacksonian Democracy was founded on the belief that the people are sovereign and that the majority rules in political decisions.
William S. Belko stated that Jacksonian Democracy prioritized exclusive privileges for the wealthy over the welfare of the community.
Answer: False
William S. Belko identified core concepts of Jacksonian Democracy as an aversion to exclusive privileges and monopolies, and prioritizing the welfare of the community over the individual.
The motto on the 1829 *Huntsville Democrat* newspaper title-band emphasized the importance of the common people's voice over elite influence.
Answer: True
The motto on the 1829 *Huntsville Democrat* title-band, 'Unawed by the influence of the great, the rich, or the noble, the people must be heard, and their rights vindicated,' signified the Jacksonian emphasis on the power and rights of the common people.
Stephen A. Douglas, despite being a Jacksonian, advocated for a system where elite representatives, not the majority, determined the popular will.
Answer: False
Stephen A. Douglas, a leading Jacksonian, adhered to popular rule, believing that the majority's will was the popular will, not that elite representatives should determine it.
Which of the following was a key ideology of Jacksonian democracy?
Answer: Strict constructionism
Strict constructionism was identified as one of the key ideologies of Jacksonian democracy.
What was the overarching characteristic of the Jacksonian Era, and what did Andrew Jackson champion to address a 'monopoly of government by elites'?
Answer: A democratic spirit; an equal political policy.
The Jacksonian Era was characterized by a democratic spirit, and Andrew Jackson championed an equal political policy to end what he called a 'monopoly of government by elites.'
What fundamental belief did historian Robert V. Remini state underpinned Jacksonian Democracy?
Answer: The sovereignty of the people and majority rule.
Historian Robert V. Remini stated that Jacksonian Democracy was founded on the belief that the people are sovereign and that the majority rules.
Which of the following was identified by William S. Belko as a core concept of Jacksonian Democracy?
Answer: An aversion to a moneyed aristocracy.
William S. Belko identified an aversion to a moneyed aristocracy, exclusive privileges, and monopolies as a core concept of Jacksonian Democracy.
The motto on the 1829 *Huntsville Democrat* newspaper title-band, 'Unawed by the influence of the great, the rich, or the noble, the people must be heard, and their rights vindicated,' signified what?
Answer: The Jacksonian emphasis on the power and rights of the common people.
The motto on the 1829 *Huntsville Democrat* newspaper title-band signified the Jacksonian emphasis on the power and rights of the common people, independent of elite influence.
How did Stephen A. Douglas exemplify Jacksonian principles, particularly regarding popular rule?
Answer: He believed that the majority's will was the popular will.
Stephen A. Douglas exemplified Jacksonian principles through his adherence to popular rule, believing that the majority's will was the popular will.
The Jacksonian Era, also known as the Second Party System, concluded with the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.
Answer: True
The Jacksonian Era, or Second Party System, is generally considered to have lasted until the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, when the issue of slavery became dominant.
The Whig Party was formed by Andrew Jackson's supporters to oppose John Quincy Adams.
Answer: False
The Whig Party was formed by Andrew Jackson's rivals, including John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, from the National Republican Party and other anti-Jackson groups, not by Jackson's supporters.
Jacksonians preferred appointed judges to ensure judicial independence from popular will.
Answer: False
Jacksonians demanded that judges be elected rather than appointed, reflecting a desire for more direct democratic control over government institutions.
Jacksonians abolished the practice of patronage, believing government positions should be based solely on merit.
Answer: False
Patronage, or the spoils system, was a Jacksonian policy of appointing political supporters to government offices, emphasizing party loyalty over qualifications.
Presidential nominating conventions were a long-standing tradition in American politics before the 1832 election.
Answer: False
The Anti-Masonic Party introduced the nation's first presidential nominating convention before the 1832 election, making it an innovative strategy, not a long-standing tradition.
By the late 1830s, the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs had emerged as the dominant national political forces in the United States.
Answer: True
By the late 1830s, after a period of political chaos, the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs became the dominant national political forces, battling in every state.
Daniel Walker Howe argued that Jacksonianism was primarily an ideological movement, not centered on the personality of Andrew Jackson.
Answer: False
According to Daniel Walker Howe, Jacksonianism began with a strong allegiance to Andrew Jackson himself, who was intensely partisan.
Davy Crockett was a staunch supporter of Andrew Jackson's policies, including Indian Removal.
Answer: False
Davy Crockett opposed Andrew Jackson, partly by refusing to endorse Jackson's nephew for a government job and being the only Tennessee Representative to vote against Indian Removal.
Andrew Jackson's intense partisanship was instrumental in the expansion of the U.S. political party system, making him a central figure for both his supporters and opponents.
Answer: True
Due to Jackson's inherent partisanship, he became a central figure in the expansion of the U.S. political party system, serving as the core of the Democrats and the primary antagonist for anti-Jacksonian parties.
Martin Van Buren was instrumental in forming the new Democratic Party around Andrew Jackson in 1828.
Answer: True
Martin Van Buren was instrumental in organizing the new Democratic Party around Andrew Jackson in 1828.
The Democratic Party suffered a narrow defeat in the 1828 presidential election, delaying its rise to national prominence.
Answer: False
The newly forming Democratic Party achieved a landslide victory in the 1828 presidential election, seen as a triumph of the people's will.
Andrew Jackson's influence as a partisan symbol waned quickly after his presidency, even in strong Democratic states.
Answer: False
In overwhelmingly Democratic states like Mississippi, Andrew Jackson was used as a powerful partisan symbol, with his word considered highly authoritative long after his presidency.
The Jacksonian Era, also known as the Second Party System, primarily lasted from Andrew Jackson's presidential election until what event?
Answer: The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.
The Jacksonian Era, or Second Party System, lasted roughly from Andrew Jackson's presidential election in 1828 until the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.
Which of the following individuals was a historical leader associated with the Jacksonian Democrats?
Answer: Stephen A. Douglas
Stephen A. Douglas was among the historical leaders associated with the Jacksonian Democrats.
The factionalization of the Democratic-Republican Party around the 1824 presidential election primarily led to the formation of which two major political parties?
Answer: The Democratic Party and the National Republican Party.
The factionalization of the Democratic-Republican Party around the 1824 election led to Andrew Jackson's supporters forming the modern Democratic Party, and his rivals forming the National Republican Party.
What was a key change Jacksonians advocated for regarding the judiciary?
Answer: Judges should be elected rather than appointed.
Jacksonians demanded that judges be elected rather than appointed, reflecting a desire for more direct democratic control.
What was a significant consequence of the Jacksonian policy of patronage, or the spoils system?
Answer: It led to the hiring of incompetent or corrupt officials due to emphasis on party loyalty.
The Jacksonian policy of patronage, or the spoils system, often led to the hiring of incompetent or corrupt officials due to the emphasis on party loyalty over qualifications.
What innovative strategy did the Anti-Masonic Party introduce before the 1832 presidential election?
Answer: The nation's first presidential nominating convention.
Before the 1832 presidential election, the Anti-Masonic Party introduced the nation's first presidential nominating convention.
By the late 1830s, what characterized the political landscape of the United States?
Answer: The emergence of the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs as dominant national forces.
By the late 1830s, the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs had emerged as the dominant national political forces in the United States.
According to Daniel Walker Howe, what was the primary allegiance that defined Jacksonianism at its inception?
Answer: Allegiance to Andrew Jackson himself.
According to Daniel Walker Howe, Jacksonianism began with a strong allegiance to Andrew Jackson himself, who was intensely partisan.
What was one reason Davy Crockett famously opposed Andrew Jackson?
Answer: Crockett refused to endorse Jackson's nephew for a government job and voted against Indian Removal.
Davy Crockett opposed Andrew Jackson partly because he refused to endorse Jackson's nephew for a government job and was the only Tennessee Representative to vote against Indian Removal.
How did Andrew Jackson's personal partisanship contribute to the expansion of the U.S. political party system?
Answer: He was the core of the Democrats and the primary antagonist for anti-Jacksonian parties.
Due to Jackson's inherent partisanship, he became a central figure in the expansion of the U.S. political party system, serving as the core of the Democrats and the primary antagonist for anti-Jacksonian parties.
Who was instrumental in forming the new Democratic Party around Andrew Jackson in 1828?
Answer: Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren was instrumental in organizing the new Democratic Party around Andrew Jackson in 1828.
What was the outcome of the 1828 presidential election for the newly forming Democratic Party?
Answer: A landslide victory, seen as a triumph of the people's will.
The newly forming Democratic Party achieved a landslide victory in the 1828 presidential election, which Jacksonians viewed as a triumph of the people's will.
How was Andrew Jackson used as a partisan symbol in overwhelmingly Democratic states like Mississippi?
Answer: His word was considered highly authoritative, almost sacred.
In overwhelmingly Democratic states like Mississippi, Andrew Jackson was used as a powerful partisan symbol, with his word considered 'as binding as the Koran, his will a rule of action—his name too sacred to be uttered without a blessing.'
The period from 1800 to 1830 saw a gradual expansion of voting rights to include all white men over 21, moving beyond property-owning requirements.
Answer: True
Between 1800 and 1830, there was a gradual expansion of voting rights from only property-owning men to include all white men over 21, with most older states dropping property restrictions.
The 1830 image 'Property qualifications for suffrage' demonstrated that all property and tax requirements for voting had been universally abolished across the U.S.
Answer: False
The 1830 image 'Property qualifications for suffrage' visually represented the *varying* requirements for voting, indicating that some states still retained property or tax-paying qualifications.
The Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island highlighted a strong demand for equal suffrage, though subsequent reforms still included property requirements for some residents.
Answer: True
The Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island demonstrated a strong demand for equal suffrage, and while subsequent reforms did occur, they still included a significant property requirement for residents born outside the United States.
Despite the expansion of voting rights, voter turnout remained low throughout the 1830s and 1840s.
Answer: False
The expansion of voting rights, coupled with active local parties, led to a significant increase in voter turnout during the 1830s, reaching approximately 80% in the 1840 presidential election.
By the end of the 1820s, what was the status of suffrage for white male adult citizens in most states?
Answer: It had largely shifted to universal white male suffrage.
By the end of the 1820s, state laws had largely shifted to universal white male suffrage, with nearly all property and tax requirements removed by 1856.
In the period from 1800 to 1830, what significant change occurred regarding voting rights?
Answer: There was a gradual expansion of the right to vote to include all white men over 21.
Between 1800 and 1830, there was a gradual expansion of the right to vote from only property-owning men to include all white men over 21.
What did the 1830 image 'Property qualifications for suffrage' visually represent about voting rights in the United States?
Answer: The varying requirements for voting across the United States.
The 1830 image 'Property qualifications for suffrage' visually represented the varying requirements for voting across the United States at that time.
The Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island during the 1840s primarily demonstrated what?
Answer: A strong demand for equal suffrage.
The Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island during the 1840s demonstrated a broad and strong demand for equal suffrage.
What was the impact of the expansion of voting rights and active local parties on voter turnout during the 1830s?
Answer: It resulted in a significant increase in voter turnout.
The expansion of voting rights, coupled with local parties actively seeking out and bringing potential voters to the polls, led to a significant increase in voter turnout during the 1830s.
Jacksonians supported government intervention to promote economic growth, including funding for railroads and banking.
Answer: False
Jacksonians generally favored a *laissez-faire* approach to the economy, contrasting with the Whig program that supported government intervention for modernization, railroads, and banking.
Andrew Jackson supported the establishment of a strong national bank to stabilize the economy.
Answer: False
Andrew Jackson was personally opposed to all banks, especially the national bank, believing they were mechanisms to cheat common people.
Democrats, according to Mary Beth Norton et al., advocated for strong federal support for banks and corporations to stimulate economic growth.
Answer: False
Democrats believed that government economic intervention benefited special interests and created corporate monopolies that favored the rich, and sought to end federal support for banks and corporations.
Andrew Jackson's presidency was marked by a focus on strengthening the national bank and limiting westward expansion.
Answer: False
Key policies during Jackson's presidency included ending the Bank of the United States and expanding westward, directly contradicting strengthening the national bank and limiting expansion.
The 1833 cartoon 'Downfall of Mother Bank' celebrated the stability and success of the Second Bank of the United States under Nicholas Biddle.
Answer: False
The 1833 Democratic cartoon 'Downfall of Mother Bank' depicted Andrew Jackson destroying the Bank of the United States, not celebrating its stability or success.
According to Carl Lane, securing national debt freedom was a core element of Jacksonian democracy, aiming for an America free from rich bankers and financial corruption.
Answer: True
Carl Lane stated that 'securing national debt freedom' was a core element of Jacksonian democracy, aiming for a Jeffersonian vision of an America free from rich bankers and financial corruption.
What economic approach did Jacksonians generally favor, contrasting with the Whig program?
Answer: A *laissez-faire* approach.
Jacksonians generally favored a *laissez-faire* approach to the economy, meaning a hands-off government policy, in contrast to the Whig program.
What was Andrew Jackson's personal stance on banks, and which specific institution did he famously oppose?
Answer: He was personally opposed to all banks and famously opposed the Second Bank of the United States.
Andrew Jackson was personally opposed to all banks, believing they cheated common people, and famously opposed the Second Bank of the United States.
According to Mary Beth Norton et al., what was a fundamental commitment shared by Democrats regarding government economic intervention?
Answer: They believed it benefited special interests and created corporate monopolies.
Democrats believed that government economic intervention benefited special interests and created corporate monopolies that favored the rich, and sought to end federal support for banks and corporations.
Which of the following was a key policy pursued during Andrew Jackson's presidency?
Answer: Ending the Bank of the United States.
Ending the Bank of the United States was a key policy pursued during Andrew Jackson's presidency.
The 1833 Democratic cartoon 'Downfall of Mother Bank' illustrated what action by Andrew Jackson?
Answer: His destruction of the Bank of the United States.
The 1833 Democratic cartoon 'Downfall of Mother Bank' depicted Andrew Jackson destroying the Bank of the United States.
According to Carl Lane, what was a core element of Jacksonian democracy related to national finance?
Answer: Securing national debt freedom.
According to Carl Lane, 'securing national debt freedom' was a core element of Jacksonian democracy, aiming for an America free from rich bankers and financial corruption.
Jacksonian democracy, a 19th-century American political ideology, primarily focused on state-level reforms rather than restructuring federal institutions.
Answer: False
Jacksonian democracy significantly restructured several federal institutions, particularly by strengthening the presidency and executive branch, rather than solely focusing on state-level reforms.
Jacksonian democracy advocated for strengthening the presidency and the executive branch, often reducing the power of Congress.
Answer: True
Jacksonian democracy promoted strengthening the presidency and the executive branch, often at the expense of congressional authority.
While initially favoring limited federal powers, Jacksonians increasingly advocated for expanding federal power, particularly presidential power, as they consolidated control.
Answer: True
Initially, Jacksonians favored a federal government of limited powers, but as they consolidated power, they increasingly advocated for expanding federal power, particularly presidential power.
Andrew Jackson's extensive use of the veto power significantly contributed to the creation of the modern, strong presidency.
Answer: True
Andrew Jackson vetoed more legislation than all previous presidents combined, and this extensive use of the veto power led to the establishment of the modern, strong presidency.
The Maysville Road veto was a rare instance where Andrew Jackson supported federal funding for a purely local infrastructure project.
Answer: False
The Maysville Road veto was Jackson's rejection of federal funding for a purely local road project, arguing it was not the federal government's role without a national connection.
What was a primary impact of Jacksonian democracy on federal institutions?
Answer: It significantly restructured several federal institutions.
Jacksonian democracy significantly restructured several federal institutions, particularly by strengthening the presidency and the executive branch.
Jacksonian democracy promoted a shift in the balance of power within the U.S. government by primarily strengthening which branch?
Answer: The executive branch, often at the expense of Congress.
Jacksonian democracy promoted strengthening the presidency and the executive branch, often at the expense of Congress.
What was the long-term effect of Andrew Jackson's extensive use of the veto power?
Answer: It created the modern, strong presidency.
Andrew Jackson's extensive use of the veto power, vetoing more legislation than all previous presidents combined, led to the establishment of the modern, strong presidency.
The Maysville Road veto in 1830 highlighted which competing visions of federalism?
Answer: Jacksonians saw the union as a cooperative aggregation of states, while Whigs viewed the nation as a distinct entity.
The Maysville Road veto highlighted two competing visions of federalism: Jacksonians saw the union as a cooperative aggregation of states, while Whigs viewed the nation as a distinct entity.
Jacksonians generally opposed westward expansion, preferring to consolidate existing territories.
Answer: False
Jacksonians favored geographical expansionism, justifying it in terms of Manifest Destiny, which involved settling the American West.
The removal of Indigenous peoples was a central policy that fundamentally shaped Jackson's political party, with voting on Indian affairs being a key predictor of partisan affiliation.
Answer: True
The forced removal of Indigenous peoples fundamentally shaped Jackson's political party, with voting on Indian affairs becoming the most consistent predictor of partisan affiliation during the Second Party System.
The 'Great Father' cartoon was a genuine tribute to Andrew Jackson's benevolent policies towards Native Americans.
Answer: False
The 'Great Father' cartoon satirized Andrew Jackson's claims of paternalism towards American Indigenous people, implying his benevolent claims masked violent and oppressive policies.
Francis Paul Prucha argued that Andrew Jackson's 'Indian question' policies were explicitly based on racial discrimination.
Answer: False
In 1969, Francis Paul Prucha interpreted Andrew Jackson's approach to the 'Indian question' primarily in terms of military and legal policy, rather than as a problem stemming from the race of Indigenous peoples.
Lyncoya Jackson's story was used by opponents to highlight the hypocrisy of Andrew Jackson's Indian policies.
Answer: False
Lyncoya Jackson's biography was used as a defense against accusations that Jackson's Indian policies were inhumane, not by opponents to highlight hypocrisy.
The 'Trail of Tears' refers to the forced removal of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands, a policy enacted after Jackson sided with states over tribal sovereignty.
Answer: True
The 'Trail of Tears' refers to the forced removal of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands, a policy that occurred after Jackson sided with states in the conflict between state and tribal sovereignty.
Jacksonians justified their favored geographical expansionism using which concept?
Answer: Manifest Destiny
Jacksonians justified geographical expansionism in terms of Manifest Destiny, the belief that Americans were destined to settle the American West.
During the Second Party System, how did the removal of Indigenous peoples influence Jackson's political party?
Answer: Voting on Indian affairs became the most consistent predictor of partisan affiliation.
During the Second Party System, the removal of Indigenous peoples fundamentally shaped Jackson's political party, with voting on Indian affairs becoming the most consistent predictor of partisan affiliation.
The editorial cartoon depicting Andrew Jackson as the 'Great Father' primarily satirized what?
Answer: His claims of paternalism towards American Indigenous people, masking oppressive policies.
The editorial cartoon satirized Andrew Jackson's claims of paternalism towards American Indigenous people, implying that his benevolent claims masked violent and oppressive policies.
In 1969, Francis Paul Prucha interpreted Andrew Jackson's approach to the 'Indian question' primarily in terms of what?
Answer: Military and legal policy.
In 1969, Francis Paul Prucha interpreted Andrew Jackson's approach to the 'Indian question' primarily in terms of military and legal policy, rather than racial discrimination.
How was the biography of Lyncoya Jackson, an Indigenous boy adopted by Andrew Jackson, used during political campaigns?
Answer: As a defense against accusations that Jackson's Indian policies were inhumane.
Lyncoya Jackson's biography was used during political campaigns as a defense against accusations that Andrew Jackson's Indian policies were inhumane.
In the context of Jackson's Indian policies, what event became known as the 'Trail of Tears'?
Answer: The forced removal of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands.
The 'Trail of Tears' refers to the forced removal of Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands, a policy enacted after Jackson sided with states over tribal sovereignty.
The expansion of democracy during the Jacksonian era was primarily limited to white men, with little improvement in rights for non-white citizens.
Answer: True
Jackson's expansion of democracy was exclusively confined to white men, with minimal to no improvement, and often a reduction, in the rights of non-white U.S. citizens during the era.
The Free Soil movement, an offshoot of Jacksonianism, advocated for limiting slavery in new territories to benefit poor white men.
Answer: True
The Free Soil movement, an offshoot of Jacksonianism, advocated for limiting slavery in new territories to allow poor white men to thrive.
Daniel Walker Howe argued that Andrew Jackson's vision of social egalitarianism extended to all races and genders.
Answer: False
According to Daniel Walker Howe, beyond political equality for white men, Jackson's vision of social egalitarianism was essentially non-existent.
Joshua A. Lynn identified white supremacy, the perpetuation of slavery, and the ethnic cleansing of Indigenous land claims as core principles of Jacksonism.
Answer: True
Joshua A. Lynn identified white supremacy, the perpetuation of slavery, and the ethnic cleansing of unceded Indigenous land claims as core principles of Jacksonism.
Edward Pessen concluded that the Jacksonian Democratic Party was a strong champion of the working class and labor movements.
Answer: False
Edward Pessen argued against the idea that the Jacksonian Democratic Party was allied with the working class, stating that Andrew Jackson was not a special friend to labor.
William Freehling argued that Jackson's policies aimed to challenge all forms of social inequality, including those affecting Indigenous and Black peoples.
Answer: False
William Freehling stated that Jackson's narrow definition excluded almost all American social inequality from governmental challenge, and sanctioned the perceived natural inferiority of Indigenous and Black peoples.
Andrew Jackson's 1840 letter to Andrew Donelson indicated his awareness of the growing significance of the abolition question for his party.
Answer: True
In his 1840 letter to Andrew Donelson, Andrew Jackson expressed his awareness that 'the abolition question begins to draw the attention... of the people here,' indicating its growing significance for his party.
By the 1850s, the Democratic Party was characterized as the 'party of unswerving white supremacy,' though without a consensus on its practical application.
Answer: True
By the 1850s, the Democratic Party had become 'the party of unswerving white supremacy,' yet its leadership lacked a consensus on how to practically apply this racist philosophy to specific governance issues.
Democrats were strong proponents of public education and other progressive reforms during the Jacksonian Era.
Answer: False
Democrats generally opposed progressive reforms such as educational reform and the establishment of public education systems, believing they restricted individual liberty and undermined freedom of religion.
The expansion of democracy during the Jacksonian era was exclusively limited to which group?
Answer: White men.
Jackson's expansion of democracy was exclusively limited to white men, with voting rights extended only to adult white males.
How did the Free Soil movement, an offshoot of Jacksonianism, relate to Manifest Destiny?
Answer: It sought to limit slavery in new territories to allow poor white men to thrive.
The Free Soil movement, an offshoot of Jacksonianism, advocated for limiting slavery in new territories to allow poor white men to thrive, aligning with the Manifest Destiny ideal of yeoman farmers.
According to Daniel Walker Howe, what was Andrew Jackson's vision of social egalitarianism beyond white men?
Answer: It was essentially nonexistent.
According to Daniel Walker Howe, beyond political equality for white men, Jackson's vision of social egalitarianism was essentially non-existent.
According to Joshua A. Lynn, which of the following was a core principle of Jacksonism concerning race and power?
Answer: The ethnic cleansing of unceded Indigenous land claims.
Joshua A. Lynn identified the ethnic cleansing of unceded Indigenous land claims as a core principle of Jacksonism concerning race and power.
What did Edward Pessen argue about the relationship between the Jacksonian Democratic Party and the working class?
Answer: The party was not allied with the working class.
Edward Pessen argued against the idea that the Jacksonian Democratic Party was allied with the working class, stating that Andrew Jackson was not a special friend to labor.
How did William Freehling characterize Jackson's beliefs regarding social inequality beyond white men?
Answer: Jackson's narrow definition excluded almost all American social inequality from governmental challenge.
William Freehling stated that Jackson's narrow definition excluded almost all American social inequality from governmental challenge, including those affecting Indigenous and Black peoples.
Andrew Jackson's 1840 letter to Andrew Donelson revealed his awareness of what issue?
Answer: The growing significance of the anti-slavery debate.
Andrew Jackson's 1840 letter to Andrew Donelson revealed his awareness of 'the abolition question' and its growing significance for his party.
By the 1850s, how was the Democratic Party characterized regarding white supremacy?
Answer: It was the 'party of unswerving white supremacy.'
By the 1850s, the Democratic Party had become 'the party of unswerving white supremacy,' though without a consensus on its practical application.
How did Democrats generally view progressive reforms such as public education systems?
Answer: They generally opposed them, believing they restricted individual liberty.
Democrats generally opposed progressive reforms such as public education systems, believing they restricted individual liberty by interfering with parental responsibility and undermined freedom of religion.
The term 'Jacksonian democracy' has consistently referred only to the specific political party led by Andrew Jackson throughout historical interpretation.
Answer: False
Initially, 'Jacksonian democracy' referred narrowly to Jackson's Democratic Party, but later historians generalized the phrase to describe American democracy more broadly, and also reinterpreted it as a labor struggle.
Thomas P. Abernethy praised Andrew Jackson for his consistent and well-defined political philosophy.
Answer: False
In 1927, Thomas P. Abernethy concluded that Andrew Jackson lacked a coherent political philosophy or clear political principles, describing him as primarily an opportunist.
Samuel Eliot believed the Jacksonian Era truly began with Jackson's election in 1828, with no significant political divisions emerging until much later.
Answer: False
Samuel Eliot suggested that 1831, marked by Nat Turner's slave rebellion and the launch of *The Liberator*, was a key year for the start of the Jacksonian Era, signaling irreversible political division.
Horace Greeley's 1852 essay 'Why I Am a Whig' praised Jacksonian Democracy for its inclusive policies towards minority groups.
Answer: False
In his 1852 essay, Horace Greeley criticized Jacksonian Democracy for its expansionist policies and oppression of non-white peoples, including Mexicans, African Americans, and Indigenous peoples.
Jacksonian Democracy remained a monolithic political force, with all its adherents maintaining consistent views up to the Civil War.
Answer: False
Jacksonian Democracy diffused and transformed, with many former Jacksonians redirecting their opposition from 'Money Power' to 'Slave Power' and becoming Republicans by the Civil War era.
Modern political discourse rarely draws parallels between Donald Trump and Andrew Jackson due to their differing political styles.
Answer: False
Donald Trump has been cited as a 'Jacksonian' in modern political discourse due to perceived similarities such as populist rhetoric and a personal affinity for Andrew Jackson.
According to later historians like Frederick Jackson Turner, how did the meaning of 'Jacksonian democracy' evolve?
Answer: It was generalized to describe democracy in the United States more broadly.
Later historians, such as Frederick Jackson Turner, generalized the phrase 'Jacksonian democracy' to describe democracy in the United States more broadly.
In 1927, what did Thomas P. Abernethy conclude about Andrew Jackson's political philosophy?
Answer: Jackson lacked a coherent political philosophy and was primarily an opportunist.
In 1927, Thomas P. Abernethy concluded that Andrew Jackson lacked a coherent political philosophy or clear political principles, describing him primarily as an opportunist.
According to Samuel Eliot, what made 1831 a key year for the start of the Jacksonian Era?
Answer: Nat Turner's slave rebellion and the launch of *The Liberator*.
Samuel Eliot suggested that 1831, marked by Nat Turner's slave rebellion and the launch of *The Liberator* abolitionist newspaper, was a key year for the start of the Jacksonian Era.
In his 1852 essay 'Why I Am a Whig,' Horace Greeley criticized Jacksonian Democracy for what reason?
Answer: Its expansionist policies and oppression of non-white peoples.
In his 1852 essay, Horace Greeley criticized Jacksonian Democracy for its expansionist policies and oppression of non-white peoples, including Mexicans, African Americans, and Indigenous peoples.
How did Jacksonian Democracy transform by the Civil War era, leading to new political alignments?
Answer: Many former Jacksonians redirected their opposition from 'Money Power' to 'Slave Power' and became Republicans.
By the Civil War era, many former Jacksonians redirected their opposition from 'Money Power' to 'Slave Power' and became Republicans, transforming Jacksonian Democracy into new political alignments.
Which president, besides Andrew Jackson, was considered Jacksonian or closely aligned with his principles?
Answer: James K. Polk
James K. Polk, who won the 1844 election with Jackson's endorsement and was called 'Young Hickory,' was considered Jacksonian or closely aligned with his principles.
In modern political discourse, why has Donald Trump been cited as a 'Jacksonian'?
Answer: His populist rhetoric and personal affinity for Andrew Jackson.
Donald Trump has been cited as a 'Jacksonian' in modern political discourse due to his populist rhetoric and personal affinity for President Jackson.