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The principal objective of the 1745 Jacobite rising was the restoration of the House of Stuart to the British throne, following their deposition in 1688.
Answer: True
The central aim of the 1745 rising, led by Charles Edward Stuart, was indeed to reinstate the Stuart dynasty on the British throne, a goal stemming from their displacement during the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
The 1745 rising was the first significant Jacobite rebellion aimed at restoring the Stuart monarchy.
Answer: False
The 1745 rising was the final major Jacobite rebellion; significant earlier attempts to restore the Stuarts occurred in 1715 and 1719.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to the replacement of King James II & VII with his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, William.
Answer: True
The Glorious Revolution resulted in the deposition of the Catholic monarch James II & VII and the accession of his Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband, William III.
The Act of Settlement 1701 allowed Catholics to inherit the British throne.
Answer: False
The Act of Settlement 1701 explicitly barred Catholics from inheriting the British throne, establishing a Protestant line of succession.
James Francis Edward Stuart's settlement in Rome enhanced his appeal to potential British supporters.
Answer: False
James Francis Edward Stuart's residence in Rome, supported by the Papacy, was detrimental to his appeal in Protestant Britain, as it reinforced perceptions of his Catholic allegiance.
English Tories generally offered strong and unwavering support to the Hanoverian monarchy throughout the 1740s.
Answer: False
Many English Tories harbored significant grievances against the Hanoverian monarchy and Whig governance, leading to conditional or wavering support, and in some cases, sympathy towards Jacobite aims.
Robert Walpole's policies aimed to alienate English Catholics further from the Hanoverian regime.
Answer: False
Robert Walpole's policies, particularly after 1720, sought to secure the loyalty of English Catholics by reducing the enforcement of anti-Catholic laws, thereby diminishing potential support for the Stuarts.
The "Jacobite succession" refers to the line of claimants who supported the Hanoverian monarchs against the Stuarts.
Answer: False
The "Jacobite succession" denotes the line of claimants who asserted their right to the British throne based on Stuart lineage, in direct opposition to the Hanoverian monarchs.
What was the central objective of the Jacobite rising of 1745?
Answer: To restore the House of Stuart to the British throne.
The primary goal of the 1745 Jacobite rising was the restoration of the Stuart dynasty to the British throne, challenging the Hanoverian succession.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in the deposition of which monarch?
Answer: James II & VII
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to the deposition of King James II & VII, paving the way for the accession of William III and Mary II.
What was the main provision of the Act of Settlement 1701 regarding succession to the throne?
Answer: It established Sophia of Hanover as the heir presumptive.
The Act of Settlement 1701 designated Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant descendants as the heirs to the throne, ensuring a Protestant succession and excluding Catholic claimants.
Why did James Francis Edward Stuart's settlement in Rome make him less appealing to potential British supporters?
Answer: He was perceived as being too closely tied to Catholicism.
James Francis Edward Stuart's residence in Rome, sustained by Papal funds, reinforced perceptions of his strong Catholic allegiance, which alienated potential Protestant supporters in Britain.
What does the term "Jacobite succession" refer to?
Answer: The line of claimants who believed they were the rightful heirs according to the Stuart lineage, opposing the Hanoverians.
The term "Jacobite succession" denotes the lineage of claimants asserting their hereditary right to the British throne based on the Stuart dynasty, in opposition to the reigning Hanoverian monarchs.
The Jacobite rising of 1745 occurred independently of major European conflicts.
Answer: False
The 1745 rising took place concurrently with the War of the Austrian Succession, a significant European conflict that engaged many major powers, including Great Britain, thus influencing the deployment of British military resources.
Charles Edward Stuart promised his Scottish supporters that they would receive substantial aid from English Jacobites and a French landing in Southern England.
Answer: True
These assurances of external support, including from English sympathizers and a potential French invasion, were critical in persuading Scottish leaders to commit to the 1745 campaign.
Louis XIV of France was a consistent and strong supporter of the exiled Stuarts throughout their exile.
Answer: False
While Louis XIV provided initial support, French commitment to the exiled Stuarts waned over time, particularly under his successors, who prioritized national interests over Stuart restoration.
French statesmen viewed Britain's growing commercial strength in the late 1730s as a positive development for the European balance of power.
Answer: False
By the late 1730s, French policymakers increasingly perceived Britain's expanding commercial power as a destabilizing factor and a threat to the European balance of power.
The Scottish Highlands were considered unsuitable for launching a Jacobite uprising due to their lack of resources.
Answer: False
The remoteness and clan-based social structure of the Scottish Highlands made them a suitable, albeit challenging, launching point for Jacobite uprisings, despite potential resource limitations.
Resentment over taxes like the 1725 malt tax and dissatisfaction with the loss of political autonomy contributed to opposition against the London government in Scotland.
Answer: True
Discontent in Scotland prior to 1745 stemmed from various factors, including unpopular taxation (e.g., the 1725 malt tax) and a perceived erosion of political autonomy following the Acts of Union.
The "Pacte de Famille" in 1743 was an agreement between Britain and Spain to cooperate against France.
Answer: False
The "Pacte de Famille" of 1743 was an alliance between France and Spain, aimed at coordinating their efforts against Great Britain.
Dunkirk was chosen as the assembly point for the planned French invasion in 1744 because it was the closest port to Scotland.
Answer: False
Dunkirk was selected for the planned 1744 French invasion due to its strategic proximity to the Thames, offering a potential route to London, rather than its proximity to Scotland.
The French invasion fleet in January 1744 was destroyed by a naval battle with the British Royal Navy.
Answer: False
The French invasion fleet in January 1744 was largely wrecked by severe storms shortly after departing Dunkirk, rather than being destroyed in a naval battle.
Charles Edward Stuart waited for guaranteed French military support before landing in Scotland.
Answer: False
Charles Edward Stuart embarked on his Scottish venture without definitive French military guarantees, gambling that his presence would compel French support.
During the journey to Scotland, HMS Lion successfully intercepted and captured the French ship carrying Charles Edward Stuart.
Answer: False
While HMS Lion engaged the French ships, it did not capture the vessel carrying Charles Edward Stuart; both HMS Lion and the French ship *Elizabeth* sustained damage and returned to port, allowing Charles's ship, the *Du Teillay*, to proceed.
Upon Charles's arrival in Scotland, most Scottish leaders immediately pledged their full support for the rebellion.
Answer: False
Upon Charles's arrival, many Scottish leaders were hesitant, and some advised him to return to France, questioning his lack of promised French military support.
Duncan Forbes, Lord President of Scotland, actively supported the Jacobite cause.
Answer: False
Duncan Forbes, as Lord President of Scotland, was a staunch opponent of the Jacobite rising and worked diligently to maintain loyalty to the government.
The "Seven Men of Moidart" were a large contingent of French soldiers who accompanied Charles Edward Stuart.
Answer: False
The "Seven Men of Moidart" referred to a small group of key advisors and companions who accompanied Charles Edward Stuart, not a large French military contingent.
The primary reason for the failure of the 1744 French invasion plan was the lack of French commitment to the Stuart cause.
Answer: False
The primary reason for the failure of the 1744 French invasion plan was severe weather that wrecked the fleet, not a lack of commitment from France, although strategic priorities did fluctuate.
The War of the Austrian Succession required the deployment of most British troops to Europe, leaving Britain vulnerable to the 1745 rising.
Answer: True
The ongoing War of the Austrian Succession necessitated the deployment of a substantial portion of the British Army to continental Europe, thereby reducing the available forces to counter the Jacobite threat within Britain.
During which major European conflict did the Jacobite rising of 1745 take place?
Answer: The War of the Austrian Succession
The 1745 Jacobite rising occurred during the broader conflict of the War of the Austrian Succession, which significantly impacted British military commitments abroad.
Which of the following was NOT one of the assurances Charles Edward Stuart gave to gain Scottish support for invading England?
Answer: A guarantee of significant financial aid from Spain.
Charles assured his Scottish allies of support from English Jacobites and a French landing, but a guarantee of significant financial aid from Spain was not among these specific promises.
How did French statesmen view Britain's growing commercial strength in the late 1730s?
Answer: As a threat to the European balance of power.
In the late 1730s, French policymakers increasingly perceived Britain's burgeoning commercial power as a destabilizing force that threatened the established European balance of power.
What characteristic of the Scottish Highlands made them a suitable launching point for a Jacobite uprising?
Answer: Their remoteness and clan-based social structure.
The geographical remoteness of the Scottish Highlands and their established clan-based social structure provided a conducive environment for mobilizing forces for a Jacobite uprising.
Which event highlighted discontent with London government policies in Scotland prior to 1745, alongside resentment over taxes?
Answer: The Porteous riots
The Porteous riots of 1737 exemplified the deep-seated discontent and anti-government sentiment present in Scotland prior to the 1745 rising, alongside grievances related to taxation and political autonomy.
What was the purpose of the "Pacte de Famille" in 1743?
Answer: To coordinate French and Spanish efforts against Britain.
The "Pacte de Famille" of 1743 formalized an alliance between France and Spain, primarily aimed at coordinating their military and political actions against Great Britain.
Why was Dunkirk chosen as the assembly point for the planned French invasion in 1744?
Answer: It allowed French forces to potentially reach the Thames quickly.
Dunkirk was selected as the staging point for the planned 1744 French invasion due to its strategic location, which offered the possibility of reaching the Thames estuary rapidly.
Charles Edward Stuart's gamble regarding French support involved:
Answer: Believing France would support him only after a successful landing.
Charles Edward Stuart's strategy involved landing in Scotland first, predicated on the belief that his presence would obligate France to provide military support, rather than securing explicit guarantees beforehand.
What was the outcome of the battle between HMS Lion and the French ships carrying Charles Edward Stuart?
Answer: Both HMS Lion and the French ships returned to port damaged.
During the engagement between HMS Lion and the French vessels, both sides sustained damage, forcing HMS Lion and the *Elizabeth* (carrying supplies) to withdraw, while Charles's ship continued its journey.
Who was Duncan Forbes, and what was his role in the 1745 rising?
Answer: The Lord President of Scotland who organized opposition to the Jacobites.
Duncan Forbes served as the Lord President of Scotland and played a crucial role in organizing and coordinating government efforts to counter the Jacobite rebellion.
Charles Edward Stuart officially launched the 1745 rebellion by raising the Royal Standard at Edinburgh Castle.
Answer: False
Charles Edward Stuart raised the Royal Standard to commence the 1745 rebellion at Glenfinnan, not Edinburgh Castle.
In September 1745, the Jacobite army successfully captured Glasgow and secured a victory at the Battle of Sheriffmuir.
Answer: False
While the Jacobites did capture Glasgow in September 1745 and achieved victory at Prestonpans, the Battle of Sheriffmuir occurred in 1715 and resulted in a Jacobite defeat.
The furthest point south the Jacobite army reached during the 1745 rising was Manchester.
Answer: False
The Jacobite army advanced further south than Manchester, reaching Derby in December 1745.
The Jacobite retreat from Derby was primarily due to the overwhelming strength of the approaching government armies.
Answer: False
While government forces were converging, the primary reasons for the retreat from Derby included the lack of promised English Jacobite support and the absence of a French landing, coupled with strategic concerns about being cut off.
The Battle of Prestonpans was a significant Jacobite victory that allowed Charles to enter Edinburgh unopposed.
Answer: True
The Battle of Prestonpans in September 1745 was a swift and decisive Jacobite victory, which significantly boosted morale and enabled Charles Edward Stuart to enter Edinburgh shortly thereafter.
Charles Edward Stuart's "Declarations" in October 1745 aimed to dissolve the Scottish Parliament and declare independence from England.
Answer: False
The Declarations published by Charles in October 1745 aimed to annul the Act of Union and reject the Act of Settlement, asserting his claim to the throne, rather than dissolving the Scottish Parliament or declaring independence.
The Jacobite army advanced into England in November 1745, dividing into two columns to confuse government forces.
Answer: True
In November 1745, the Jacobite army commenced its invasion of England, employing a strategy that involved dividing into two columns to obscure their precise movements from government forces.
Carlisle's defenses were strong and well-garrisoned when the Jacobites arrived in November 1745, delaying their advance.
Answer: False
Carlisle's defenses were notably weak and poorly garrisoned when the Jacobites arrived in November 1745, facilitating their passage rather than delaying them.
The Manchester Regiment, formed from English recruits, was commanded by Charles Edward Stuart himself.
Answer: False
The Manchester Regiment, composed of English recruits, was commanded by Francis Towneley, not Charles Edward Stuart.
Assurances from English Jacobites like Sir Watkin Williams Wynn were crucial in persuading the Scottish Council to continue the march to Derby.
Answer: True
The council's decision to advance to Derby was significantly influenced by assurances from English Jacobite figures, such as Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, regarding impending support.
Upon reaching Derby, the Jacobite army found significant French reinforcements waiting for them.
Answer: False
The Jacobite army found no significant French reinforcements upon reaching Derby; the absence of promised external aid was a critical factor in their subsequent retreat.
Lord Drummond's report of a French landing at Montrose influenced the decision to retreat from Derby.
Answer: True
Lord Drummond's report concerning a French landing at Montrose, although involving only a small contingent, contributed to the council's decision to retreat from Derby.
The Jacobite retreat from Derby strengthened the relationship between Charles and his Scottish supporters.
Answer: False
The retreat from Derby engendered suspicion and hostility between Charles and his Scottish supporters, thereby weakening their relationship and the cohesion of the rebellion.
The "Prince's Council" was formed to advise Charles Edward Stuart, but he welcomed its input and found it helpful.
Answer: False
While the "Prince's Council" was formed to advise Charles, he often resented its influence and found its deliberations contentious, leading to significant internal friction.
The Jacobite siege of Stirling Castle was successful due to their superior artillery.
Answer: False
The Jacobite siege of Stirling Castle was unsuccessful, largely due to their lack of adequate siege artillery, which prevented them from breaching the castle's defenses.
Where did Charles Edward Stuart officially begin the 1745 rising by raising the Royal Standard?
Answer: Glenfinnan
The formal commencement of the 1745 rising occurred on August 19, 1745, when Charles Edward Stuart raised the Royal Standard at Glenfinnan in the Scottish Highlands.
What significant military successes did the Jacobites achieve in Scotland in September 1745?
Answer: Capture of Edinburgh and victory at Prestonpans
In September 1745, the Jacobite forces achieved notable successes by capturing Edinburgh and securing a decisive victory over government troops at the Battle of Prestonpans.
What was the furthest point south the Jacobite army advanced into England during the 1745 rising?
Answer: Derby
The Jacobite army reached Derby on December 4, 1745, marking the southernmost point of their advance into England during the 1745 rebellion.
Which factor was cited as a primary reason for the Jacobite army's decision to retreat from Derby?
Answer: The failure of promised English Jacobite support to materialize.
The lack of anticipated support from English Jacobites was a critical factor influencing the Jacobite council's decision to retreat from Derby, alongside concerns about converging government forces.
The Battle of Prestonpans is significant because:
Answer: It resulted in a decisive Jacobite victory, boosting morale.
The Battle of Prestonpans was a pivotal Jacobite victory in September 1745, significantly enhancing the rebellion's momentum and morale.
What was the purpose of Charles Edward Stuart's "Declarations" published in October 1745?
Answer: To dissolve the Act of Union and reject the Act of Settlement.
Charles Edward Stuart issued "Declarations" in October 1745 aimed at annulling the Act of Union and repudiating the Act of Settlement, thereby asserting his claim to the throne.
What was the condition of Carlisle's defenses when the Jacobites arrived in November 1745?
Answer: Weak defenses with a small garrison of elderly veterans.
Carlisle's defenses were found to be weak, garrisoned by a small number of elderly veterans, which facilitated the Jacobite advance into England.
Who commanded the Manchester Regiment, a notable English contingent in the Jacobite army?
Answer: Francis Towneley
The Manchester Regiment, an English unit within the Jacobite army, was commanded by Francis Towneley.
What news did Lord Drummond bring that influenced the decision to retreat from Derby?
Answer: That a small French force had landed at Montrose.
Lord Drummond reported a French landing at Montrose, which, although minor, contributed significantly to the council's decision to retreat from Derby, fueling hopes of greater French involvement.
What was the strategic impact of the Jacobite army's retreat from Derby?
Answer: It severely damaged the relationship between Charles and his Scottish supporters.
The retreat from Derby, while perhaps strategically necessary, eroded trust between Charles and his Scottish adherents, contributing to the weakening of the rebellion's unity.
The Jacobites won a decisive victory at the Battle of Culloden, effectively ending the rebellion.
Answer: False
The Battle of Culloden in April 1746 resulted in a decisive defeat for the Jacobite forces, marking the end of the rebellion.
After the defeat at Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Answer: False
Following the defeat at Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart evaded capture and successfully escaped to France.
When Cumberland resumed operations in April 1746, the Jacobite army was well-supplied and outnumbered the government forces.
Answer: False
By April 1746, the Jacobite army was critically short of supplies and faced a well-equipped and numerically superior government force under the Duke of Cumberland.
At the Battle of Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart ordered his forces to hold their position and await the government attack.
Answer: False
Contrary to holding their position, Charles Edward Stuart ordered his front line to charge the government forces at Culloden, a tactical decision that proved disastrous.
Government forces at Culloden were unprepared for the Highland charge, leading to heavy initial losses.
Answer: False
Government forces at Culloden had been specifically drilled to counter the Highland charge, utilizing artillery and disciplined volleys to break its momentum, rather than being unprepared.
After Culloden, an estimated 1,500 Jacobite survivors were ordered by Charles to disperse and await further orders.
Answer: True
Following the defeat at Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart instructed the remaining Jacobite survivors to disperse and await his future command, a directive that ultimately led to many being captured or killed.
The Battle of Culloden is recognized as the last major pitched battle fought on British soil.
Answer: True
The Battle of Culloden, fought on April 16, 1746, is widely regarded as the final significant pitched battle to have occurred on British territory.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Culloden for the Jacobite forces?
Answer: A significant defeat that effectively ended the rebellion.
The Battle of Culloden resulted in a catastrophic defeat for the Jacobite army, effectively concluding the rebellion and extinguishing the Stuart claim to the British throne.
Following the defeat at Culloden, where did Charles Edward Stuart eventually escape to?
Answer: France
After evading capture for several months following the Battle of Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart managed to escape Scotland and reach France.
At the Battle of Culloden, what tactical error did Charles Edward Stuart order?
Answer: Ordering his front line to charge the government positions.
Charles Edward Stuart's order for his front line to charge the government positions at Culloden proved to be a critical tactical error, exposing his troops to devastating artillery fire.
How did government forces counter the Highland charge at Culloden?
Answer: Through intensive drilling to counter the charge and effective use of artillery.
Government forces at Culloden were prepared for the Highland charge through rigorous training and effective deployment of artillery, which disrupted the charge's momentum.
Following Culloden, government forces focused solely on capturing remaining rebel leaders.
Answer: False
Post-Culloden government actions extended beyond capturing leaders to include widespread searches for rebels, confiscation of property, and suppression of Highland culture and infrastructure.
Of the Jacobites indicted for treason, only a few were executed, primarily members of the Manchester Regiment.
Answer: True
While many Jacobites were indicted, only approximately 120 faced execution, with a significant number of these being members of the Manchester Regiment.
The General Pardon Act 1746 was enacted to prosecute remaining Jacobite prisoners.
Answer: False
The General Pardon Act 1746 was enacted to grant pardons to most remaining Jacobite prisoners, reflecting a move towards reconciliation rather than further prosecution.
The Vesting Act 1747 led to the survey and confiscation of estates belonging to 51 individuals involved in the 1745 rising.
Answer: True
The Vesting Act of 1747 facilitated the formal survey and confiscation of estates belonging to individuals attainted for their participation in the 1745 rising, affecting approximately 51 individuals.
Infrastructure improvements in the Scottish Highlands after the rising included building new forts and completing the military road network.
Answer: True
Following the 1745 rising, the British government invested in infrastructure development in the Highlands, including constructing new forts and expanding the military road network to enhance control and integration.
The Act of Proscription 1746 outlawed Highland dress, including tartan, in an effort to suppress Jacobite culture.
Answer: True
The Act of Proscription, enacted in 1746, prohibited the wearing of Highland dress, such as tartan, as a measure to dismantle the cultural identity associated with Jacobitism.
The Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 strengthened the feudal powers of clan chiefs.
Answer: False
The Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 abolished the feudal powers of clan chiefs, thereby weakening the traditional clan system.
The "Dress Act 1746" was later repealed and did not permanently suppress Highland culture.
Answer: True
The "Dress Act 1746" was indeed later repealed, and while it aimed to suppress Highland culture, its long-term impact is debated, and it did not permanently eradicate cultural practices.
The confiscation of Jacobite estates after the rising proved highly profitable for the British government.
Answer: False
The administration and sale of confiscated Jacobite estates often incurred significant costs, frequently exceeding the revenue generated, thus limiting their profitability for the British government.
The long-term effect of the Jacobite risings was the strengthening of the Scottish clan system.
Answer: False
The aftermath of the Jacobite risings, particularly the 1745 rebellion, led to legislative measures that significantly weakened the traditional clan system by curtailing the feudal powers of clan chiefs.
What measures did government forces take in the Highlands after the Battle of Culloden?
Answer: They searched for rebels, confiscated cattle, and burned meeting houses.
Post-Culloden actions by government forces included extensive searches for rebels, confiscation of livestock, and destruction of non-juring meeting houses, aimed at consolidating control.
What was the outcome for most Jacobites indicted for treason after the rising?
Answer: Most were pardoned or transported.
While a number of Jacobites were executed, the majority of those indicted for treason after the rising were either pardoned or transported, reflecting a pragmatic approach to post-rebellion justice.
What was the purpose of the Act of Proscription 1746?
Answer: To outlaw Highland dress, including tartan.
The Act of Proscription 1746 aimed to suppress Highland culture by prohibiting the wearing of traditional Highland dress, including tartan.
What was the long-term effect of government legislation like the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 on the Scottish clan system?
Answer: It ended the feudal powers of clan chiefs, weakening the system.
Legislation such as the Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 dismantled the feudal authority of clan chiefs, thereby significantly weakening the traditional clan system.
Both the 1715 and 1719 Jacobite rebellions successfully restored the Stuarts to the throne.
Answer: False
Neither the 1715 nor the 1719 Jacobite rebellions succeeded in restoring the Stuarts to the British throne; both were ultimately unsuccessful.
Modern commentators suggest that many Scots in the 1745 rising were motivated primarily by loyalty to the Hanoverian monarchy.
Answer: False
Contemporary analysis indicates that many Scottish participants in the 1745 rising were driven by opposition to the Act of Union and a desire for greater autonomy, rather than loyalty to the Hanoverian regime.
Walter Scott's novel "Waverley" presented the rising as a purely destructive event with no lasting impact on British history.
Answer: False
Walter Scott's novel "Waverley" offered a romanticized perspective on the 1745 rising, integrating it into a broader narrative of British history and identity, rather than portraying it solely as destructive.
Victorian cultural elements like Burns Suppers and Highland Games were adopted to reconcile the Jacobite past with a Unionist present.
Answer: True
During the Victorian era, cultural practices such as Burns Suppers and Highland Games emerged or were popularized as a means of integrating the romanticized Jacobite past into a cohesive Unionist national identity.
After 1746, the Jacobite cause strengthened due to Charles's effective leadership and renewed French support.
Answer: False
Following 1746, the Jacobite cause significantly weakened due to internal divisions, Charles's declining influence, and the lack of substantial French support, rendering it politically impotent.
The Glenfinnan Monument, erected in 1814, commemorates the defeat of the Jacobite rising.
Answer: False
The Glenfinnan Monument, erected in 1814, serves as a memorial to the raising of the Stuart standard and the commencement of the 1745 Jacobite rising, not its defeat.
After 1746, Charles Edward Stuart's attempts to revive the Jacobite cause were successful due to his continued influence.
Answer: False
Subsequent attempts by Charles Edward Stuart to reignite the Jacobite cause after 1746 proved unsuccessful, marked by declining influence and personal struggles.
In the Victorian era, Highlanders were increasingly perceived as members of a noble warrior race.
Answer: True
During the Victorian period, perceptions of Highlanders shifted from earlier characterizations of 'wild men' towards an image of a noble warrior race, influenced by historical narratives and military recruitment.
Which of the following was the last major Jacobite revolt?
Answer: The Rising of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745, often referred to as the "45", represents the final significant military attempt by the Jacobite movement to restore the Stuart monarchy.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the outcomes of the 1715 and 1719 Jacobite rebellions?
Answer: Both rebellions failed to restore the Stuarts.
Both the 1715 and 1719 Jacobite rebellions ultimately failed in their objective to restore the Stuart monarchy to the British throne.
According to modern commentators, what was a primary motivation for many Scots participating in the 1745 rising?
Answer: Opposition to the Act of Union.
Modern historical analysis suggests that a significant motivation for many Scottish participants in the 1745 rising was opposition to the Act of Union, reflecting a desire for greater Scottish autonomy.
How did Walter Scott's novel "Waverley" influence the perception of the 1745 rising?
Answer: It offered a romanticized view that integrated the rising into Unionist history.
Walter Scott's "Waverley" contributed to a romanticized perception of the 1745 rising, framing it within a broader narrative of British history and aiding its integration into a Unionist historical consciousness.
What was the outcome of Charles Edward Stuart's later attempts to reignite the Jacobite cause after 1746?
Answer: His attempts were unsuccessful, and his influence declined.
Following the defeat in 1746, Charles Edward Stuart's subsequent efforts to revive the Jacobite cause proved unsuccessful, characterized by diminishing influence and personal decline.
How did the perception of Highlanders change in the Victorian era compared to before 1745?
Answer: They shifted from being viewed as 'wild men' to members of a noble warrior race.
In the Victorian era, the perception of Highlanders evolved from earlier depictions as 'wild men' to an image of a noble warrior race, influenced by historical romanticization and military recruitment policies.