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Total Categories: 6
The primary period of active use for Javanese script in daily and literary texts spanned from the mid-16th century to the mid-20th century CE.
Answer: True
Historical records indicate that Javanese script was actively employed for both everyday and literary purposes from approximately the mid-16th century CE until the mid-20th century CE.
Is the Kawi script identified as the oldest known root of the Javanese script?
Answer: False
While the Kawi script is a direct ancestor, the oldest known root of the Javanese script is traced back to the Tamil-Brahmi script.
The 'Bromartani' newspaper, published in the mid-19th century, was the first newspaper printed in the Javanese language and script.
Answer: True
The 'Bromartani' newspaper, which circulated in the mid-19th century, holds the distinction of being the first newspaper published in both the Javanese language and its native script.
The Japanese occupation starting in 1942 is often cited as a factor contributing to the decline of Javanese script usage.
Answer: True
The period of the Japanese occupation, commencing in 1942, is frequently identified as a significant contributor to the diminishing use of the Javanese script.
What is the defined period of active use for Javanese script in day-to-day and literary texts?
Answer: From the mid-16th century to the mid-20th century CE
The period of active utilization for Javanese script in both daily life and literary works is documented as spanning from the mid-16th century CE to the mid-20th century CE.
Which script is identified as the oldest known root of the Javanese script?
Answer: Tamil-Brahmi script
The Tamil-Brahmi script is recognized as the most ancient precursor to the Javanese script.
What event, starting in 1942, is cited as a significant factor in the decline of Javanese script usage?
Answer: The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.
The Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, which commenced in 1942, is frequently cited as a pivotal factor contributing to the subsequent decline in the usage of Javanese script.
Is the Javanese script exclusively known by the name 'hanacaraka'?
Answer: False
The Javanese script is known by several names, including 'hanacaraka', 'carakan', and 'dentawyanjana', indicating that 'hanacaraka' is not its sole designation.
Is the Javanese script classified as an alphabet, where each symbol represents a single sound?
Answer: False
The Javanese script is an abugida, not a pure alphabet. Each consonant character inherently includes a vowel sound, which can be modified by diacritics.
Does the Javanese script typically comprise around 45 basic letters, known as 'aksara'?
Answer: True
The Javanese script generally consists of approximately 45 fundamental characters, referred to as 'aksara'.
Is a 'pasangan' in Javanese script used to add a vowel sound to a consonant?
Answer: False
A 'pasangan' is a conjunct form of a character used to nullify the inherent vowel of the preceding letter, thereby forming a closed syllable, rather than adding a vowel sound.
Is the 'hanacaraka' sequence a pangram derived from the first five letters of the Javanese script?
Answer: True
The 'hanacaraka' sequence is indeed a pangram, formed from the initial five letters of the Javanese script.
'Aksara murda' are additional letters developed specifically to transcribe foreign sounds.
Answer: False
'Aksara murda' are special letter forms used for transcribing the names of respected individuals and legendary figures, distinct from 'aksara rekaan' which are used for foreign sounds.
'Aksara rekaan' were developed to transcribe sounds from languages like Arabic and Dutch.
Answer: True
The development of 'aksara rekaan' was specifically for the purpose of transcribing foreign sounds, including those found in Arabic and Dutch loanwords.
Most 'aksara rekaan' are formed by adding the 'cecak telu' diacritic to a base character.
Answer: True
The formation of most 'aksara rekaan' involves the addition of the 'cecak telu' diacritic to a base character.
'Sandhangan' are characters used for independent vowels.
Answer: False
'Sandhangan' are diacritics that are attached to base characters to modify their inherent vowel sounds, not characters for independent vowels.
'Aksara swara' are primarily used in modern Javanese to replace the 'ha' character for clarity in foreign names.
Answer: True
In contemporary Javanese usage, 'aksara swara' serve the primary function of replacing the 'ha' character to ensure clarity when transcribing foreign names or terms.
'Sandhangan swara' are diacritics used to close a syllable with a consonant.
Answer: False
'Sandhangan swara' are diacritics specifically designed to alter the inherent vowel sound of a consonant character, not to close syllables.
'Aksara gantèn' in modern teaching are used to replace specific combinations of consonant + pepet.
Answer: True
In contemporary pedagogical contexts, 'aksara gantèn' are employed to substitute particular consonant-pepet combinations, such as 'ra' + 'pepet'.
The function of 'sandhangan panyigeging wanda' is to modify the inherent vowel sound of a base character.
Answer: False
'Sandhangan panyigeging wanda' serve to close a syllable with a consonant, thereby nullifying the inherent vowel, rather than modifying it.
'Pangkon' is a diacritic that nullifies the inherent vowel of a base character and is primarily used in the middle of words.
Answer: False
While 'pangkon' does nullify the inherent vowel, it is generally not used in the middle of words for forming closed syllables; that function is typically performed by 'pasangan'.
'Aksara wyanjana' refers to the diacritics used to modify vowel sounds.
Answer: False
'Aksara wyanjana' are the consonant letters themselves, which inherently carry a vowel sound, not the diacritics used to modify vowels.
The 'hanacaraka' sequence is named after the first five letters of the Javanese script.
Answer: True
The designation 'hanacaraka' is derived from the first five letters of the Javanese script, serving as its namesake.
Which of the following is NOT an alternative name for Javanese script mentioned in the source?
Answer: Aksara Jawa
The source mentions 'hanacaraka', 'carakan', and 'dentawyanjana' as alternative names for Javanese script. 'Aksara Jawa' is a direct translation and not typically listed as an alternative name in the same vein.
What type of writing system is Javanese script, characterized by consonant letters representing syllables with inherent vowels?
Answer: An abugida
The Javanese script functions as an abugida, where each consonant character inherently includes a vowel sound that can be modified through the application of diacritics.
What is the approximate number of basic letters ('aksara') in the Javanese script?
Answer: Around 45
The Javanese script is composed of approximately 45 fundamental characters, referred to as 'aksara'.
In Javanese script, what is the purpose of a 'pasangan'?
Answer: To nullify the inherent vowel of the preceding letter, forming closed syllables.
A 'pasangan' serves to nullify the inherent vowel of the preceding character, thereby enabling the formation of closed syllables within the script.
What is the 'hanacaraka' sequence in Javanese script?
Answer: A pangram derived from the first five letters.
The 'hanacaraka' sequence is recognized as a pangram, constructed from the initial five letters of the Javanese script.
What is the purpose of 'aksara murda'?
Answer: To write the names of respected individuals and legendary figures.
'Aksara murda' are specialized letter forms employed for the transcription of names belonging to respected individuals and legendary figures.
What are 'sandhangan' in the context of Javanese script?
Answer: Diacritics attached to base characters to modify vowels.
'Sandhangan' are diacritical marks that are affixed to base characters to alter their inherent vowel sounds.
In modern Javanese, 'aksara swara' are primarily used for what purpose?
Answer: To replace the 'ha' character in foreign names or terms for clarity.
The primary application of 'aksara swara' in contemporary Javanese is to substitute the 'ha' character, thereby enhancing clarity when rendering foreign names or specific terms.
What is the function of 'sandhangan panyigeging wanda'?
Answer: To close a syllable with a consonant.
'Sandhangan panyigeging wanda' are diacritics employed to close a syllable by appending a consonant sound, effectively terminating the syllable's vocalic component.
How does 'pangkon' differ from 'pasangan' in Javanese script?
Answer: 'Pangkon' nullifies the inherent vowel but is generally not used mid-word for closed syllables, unlike 'pasangan'.
While both 'pangkon' and 'pasangan' nullify the inherent vowel, 'pasangan' is specifically used mid-word to form closed syllables, a function 'pangkon' generally does not fulfill.
What are 'aksara wyanjana'?
Answer: Consonant letters with inherent vowel sounds.
'Aksara wyanjana' refers to the consonant letters within the Javanese script, each inherently possessing a vowel sound.
Is the inherent vowel sound in Javanese script always /i/ unless modified by a diacritic?
Answer: False
The inherent vowel sound in Javanese script is traditionally /a/ or /ɔ/, not /i/. Diacritics are used to alter this inherent vowel.
In Madurese usage of Javanese script, does the 'wignyan' diacritic signify a glottal stop?
Answer: False
In Madurese usage, the 'wignyan' diacritic indicates aspiration, whereas in Javanese, it signifies a glottal stop.
Is the inherent vowel in Madurese, when written in Javanese script, typically /a/ or /ə/?
Answer: True
When Javanese script is used for Madurese, the inherent vowel is typically rendered as /a/ or /ə/, differing from the standard Javanese inherent vowel.
What is the traditional inherent vowel sound associated with each letter ('aksara') in Javanese script?
Answer: /a/ or /ɔ/
Each 'aksara' in the Javanese script traditionally represents a syllable with an inherent vowel sound of /a/ or /ɔ/, which can be modified by diacritics.
What is the function of the 'wignyan' diacritic in Madurese usage compared to Javanese?
Answer: It indicates aspiration in Madurese, while signifying a glottal stop in Javanese.
In the context of Madurese written with Javanese script, 'wignyan' denotes aspiration, contrasting with its function as a glottal stop indicator in standard Javanese.
What is the primary difference in inherent vowels between Javanese and Madurese when using Javanese script?
Answer: Javanese has /a/ or /ɔ/, Madurese has /a/ or /ə/.
The standard Javanese script features an inherent vowel of /a/ or /ɔ/, whereas its application for Madurese typically involves an inherent vowel of /a/ or /ə/.
Were traditional Javanese texts often written without spaces between words, a practice known as 'scriptio continua'?
Answer: True
Indeed, traditional Javanese texts frequently employed 'scriptio continua,' a method of writing without spaces between words.
Was the Kawi script primarily written on palm leaf manuscripts known as 'lontar'?
Answer: True
Yes, the Kawi script was predominantly inscribed onto palm leaf manuscripts, commonly referred to as 'lontar'.
Were palm leaf manuscripts ('lontar') typically written on using ink and a brush?
Answer: False
Palm leaf manuscripts ('lontar') were typically written on by incising text horizontally with a knife and then blackening the grooves, rather than using ink and a brush.
Did paper begin to be used in the Malay Archipelago only after the widespread adoption of the modern Javanese script?
Answer: False
Paper began to be used in the Malay Archipelago in the 13th century, predating the widespread adoption of the modern Javanese script, which emerged later.
'Daluang' paper, made from sa'eh tree bark, was commonly used in Javanese manuscripts produced in palaces and Islamic boarding schools.
Answer: True
The source confirms that 'daluang' paper, derived from the sa'eh tree bark, was a common medium for manuscripts originating from Javanese palaces and pesantren.
Did European paper imports initially become the preferred medium for all Javanese manuscript production?
Answer: False
Initially, European paper was expensive. While it became more common over time, 'daluang' paper remained associated with certain manuscript traditions, and it was not universally preferred from the outset.
The practice of writing Javanese text without spaces between words is known as:
Answer: Scriptio continua
The method of writing Javanese text without inter-word spacing is termed 'scriptio continua'.
What was the primary writing medium for everyday texts in the Kawi script?
Answer: Palm leaf manuscripts ('lontar')
Palm leaf manuscripts, known as 'lontar', served as the principal medium for inscribing everyday texts written in the Kawi script.
How was writing typically done on palm leaf manuscripts ('lontar')?
Answer: Incised horizontally with a knife and blackened.
The standard method for writing on 'lontar' involved incising the text horizontally with a sharp tool and subsequently blackening the grooves to enhance legibility.
When did paper begin to be used in the Malay Archipelago, according to the source?
Answer: In the 13th century
The introduction and use of paper in the Malay Archipelago commenced during the 13th century.
What type of paper, made from the bark of the sa'eh tree, was commonly used in Javanese manuscripts from palaces and pesantren?
Answer: Daluang
'Daluang' paper, crafted from the bark of the sa'eh tree, was frequently utilized in the production of Javanese manuscripts originating from royal courts and Islamic educational institutions (pesantren).
Beyond the Javanese language, for which other historical languages has the Javanese script been employed?
Answer: True
The Javanese script has been utilized for writing Sanskrit and Kawi, in addition to the Javanese language itself.
Did the Balinese script directly influence the writing system of the Sasak language?
Answer: False
The Javanese script influenced the Balinese script, from which the Sasak writing system subsequently developed, indicating an indirect relationship rather than direct influence from Javanese to Sasak.
Has the Latin alphabet completely supplanted the Javanese script in all forms of writing?
Answer: False
While the Latin alphabet has become predominant in everyday use, the Javanese script continues to be used in certain contexts, such as local curricula and cultural preservation efforts.
Is Javanese script currently taught in the local curriculum in Bali and West Java provinces?
Answer: False
Javanese script is taught in the local curriculum in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Central Java, and East Java provinces, but not typically in Bali or West Java.
Are the Javanese and Balinese scripts unrelated and evolved from different origins?
Answer: False
The Javanese and Balinese scripts are closely related, both descending from the Kawi script and sharing common evolutionary pathways.
Is Balinese script generally considered less conservative than Javanese script, having adopted more modern features?
Answer: False
Conversely, the Balinese writing system is generally regarded as more conservative, retaining orthographic elements from Kawi that are less evident in the modern Javanese script.
Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in version 5.2, released in October 2009.
Answer: True
The Javanese script was officially incorporated into the Unicode Standard with the release of version 5.2 in October 2009.
The Unicode block range for Javanese script is U+1100 to U+11FF.
Answer: False
The allocated Unicode block range for Javanese script is U+A980 to U+A9DF, not U+1100 to U+11FF.
Besides Javanese, which historical language is mentioned as having been written using Javanese script?
Answer: Sanskrit
The source explicitly states that Javanese script was used for writing Sanskrit and Kawi, in addition to Javanese and other regional languages.
According to the text, how did Javanese script influence the writing system for the Sasak language?
Answer: Javanese script influenced Balinese script, which then influenced Sasak script.
The Javanese script exerted influence on the Balinese script, and subsequently, the Balinese script served as the basis for the development of the Sasak writing system.
What writing system has largely replaced Javanese script in everyday use?
Answer: The Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet has progressively superseded the Javanese script, establishing itself as the primary mode of written communication in contemporary contexts.
In which Indonesian regions is Javanese script currently taught as part of the local curriculum?
Answer: Yogyakarta Special Region, Central Java, and East Java
Javanese script is integrated into the local educational curricula within the Yogyakarta Special Region, Central Java Province, and East Java Province.
How are the Javanese and Balinese scripts related according to the source?
Answer: They are closely related, both descending from the Kawi script.
The Javanese and Balinese scripts share a close familial relationship, both originating from the Kawi script.
In terms of conservatism, how does Balinese script compare to Javanese script?
Answer: Balinese script is more conservative, retaining older orthographic aspects.
The Balinese writing system is generally considered more conservative, preserving older orthographic features derived from Kawi that are less evident in the modern Javanese script.
When was Javanese script officially added to the Unicode Standard?
Answer: October 2009
The Javanese script was formally integrated into the Unicode Standard in October 2009, coinciding with the release of version 5.2.
What is the Unicode block range allocated for Javanese script?
Answer: U+A980 to U+A9DF
The designated Unicode block for the Javanese script spans from U+A980 to U+A9DF.
Were traditional Javanese literature texts primarily composed in prose, reflecting a strong oral tradition?
Answer: False
Influenced by the oral tradition, Javanese literature texts were predominantly composed in metrical verses designed for recitation, rather than prose.
Were Javanese poets traditionally expected to create entirely new stories for their literary works?
Answer: False
Traditional Javanese poets were typically tasked with rewriting and recomposing existing tales, rather than originating entirely new narratives.
Javanese numerals, called 'angka', have distinct forms and behave similarly to Arabic numerals.
Answer: True
Javanese numerals, designated as 'angka', possess unique forms and function analogously to Arabic numerals in mathematical and numerical contexts.
Javanese numerals used within sentences are typically surrounded by 'pada pangkat' or 'pada lingsa' punctuation marks to avoid confusion.
Answer: True
To prevent ambiguity, Javanese numerals embedded within sentences are conventionally enclosed by 'pada pangkat' or 'pada lingsa' punctuation marks.
Does the Javanese script include direct equivalents for question marks and exclamation marks?
Answer: False
The Javanese script does not possess direct equivalents for question marks or exclamation marks; their meaning is typically inferred from context.
'Pada pangkat' and 'pada lingsa' are punctuation marks used to separate clauses or sentences.
Answer: False
While 'pada lingsa' can separate clauses, both 'pada pangkat' and 'pada lingsa' are primarily used to enclose numerals within sentences for clarity, not generally for separating clauses or sentences.
'Pada lungsi' is used to end a sentence when the last syllable is closed.
Answer: False
'Pada lungsi' is used to end a sentence when the last syllable is open; 'pada lingsa' is used when the last syllable is closed.
'Rerenggan' are punctuation marks primarily used for decorative purposes in Javanese manuscripts.
Answer: True
The term 'rerenggan' refers to punctuation marks that often serve a decorative function within Javanese manuscripts, frequently framing titles or sections.
How were traditional Javanese literature texts typically composed, influenced by the oral tradition?
Answer: Almost always in metrical verses designed for recitation.
Reflecting the strong influence of oral traditions, Javanese literary works were predominantly structured as metrical verses intended for recitation, emphasizing rhythmic and melodic qualities.
What was the traditional role of a Javanese poet regarding stories?
Answer: To rewrite and recompose existing tales.
The conventional role of a Javanese poet involved the adaptation and recomposition of pre-existing narratives, rather than the creation of entirely novel ones.
What are Javanese numerals called?
Answer: Angka
The numerals used within the Javanese script are referred to as 'angka'.
Which punctuation marks are used to surround Javanese numerals within sentences to prevent confusion?
Answer: Pada pangkat and pada lingsa
The punctuation marks 'pada pangkat' and 'pada lingsa' are employed to enclose numerals within sentences, thereby mitigating potential confusion.
Which of the following punctuation marks is notably ABSENT in Javanese script, requiring context for interpretation?
Answer: Question mark
The Javanese script lacks a direct equivalent for the question mark, necessitating reliance on contextual cues to ascertain interrogative intent.