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The primary definition of Jews identifies them as an ethnoreligious group and a nation descended from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah, traditionally adhering to Judaism as their ethnic religion.
Answer: True
The source explicitly defines Jews as an ethnoreligious group and a nation originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah, with Judaism serving as their traditional ethnic religion.
All ethnic Jews actively practice Judaism, which is considered their primary religious identity.
Answer: False
The source indicates that while Judaism is the traditional ethnic religion, many ethnic Jews do not actively practice it, implying that not all ethnic Jews actively practice Judaism.
Converts to Judaism are not considered full members of the Jewish nation, as Jewish identity is solely acquired through birth.
Answer: False
Religious Jews consider converts to Judaism as full members of the Jewish nation, demonstrating that Jewish identity can be acquired through religious commitment, not solely through birth.
The term 'Jews' originally referred exclusively to followers of Judaism, even before the Babylonian exile.
Answer: False
Before the Babylonian exile, the term 'Jews' primarily referred to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah, not exclusively to followers of Judaism.
The English word 'Jew' is directly derived from the ancient Hebrew term 'Yehudi'.
Answer: False
The English word 'Jew' is derived from Middle English, Old French, and Medieval Latin terms, not directly from the ancient Hebrew term 'Yehudi'.
Some scholars prefer translating 'Ioudaios' as 'Judean' in the Bible to emphasize religious adherence rather than geographical origin.
Answer: False
Some scholars prefer translating 'Ioudaios' as 'Judean' to emphasize geographical origins and prevent antisemitic eisegesis, not to emphasize religious adherence over geographical origin.
Daniel R. Schwartz defines 'Judean' as referring to inhabitants of Judea, while 'Jew' refers to descendants of Israelites adhering to Judaism, including converts.
Answer: True
Daniel R. Schwartz distinguishes 'Judean' as referring to inhabitants of Judea, while 'Jew' refers to descendants of Israelites who adhere to Judaism, a definition that also includes converts to the religion.
According to the provided information, what constitutes the primary definition of Jews as an ethnoreligious group?
Answer: An ethnoreligious group and a nation originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah, traditionally adhering to Judaism.
The source material explicitly defines Jews as an ethnoreligious group and a nation originating from the Israelites of ancient Israel and Judah, whose traditional ethnic religion is Judaism.
How are Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community described as being interconnected?
Answer: They are highly interrelated because Judaism functions as their ethnic religion, intertwining practices with shared ancestry.
The source states that Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated because Judaism functions as their ethnic religion, intertwining practices with shared ancestry and cultural heritage.
What was the original meaning of the term 'Jews' before the Babylonian exile?
Answer: Inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah
Before the Babylonian exile, the term 'Jews' originally referred to the inhabitants of the kingdom of Judah.
From which language did the English word 'Jew' ultimately evolve, according to the source?
Answer: Medieval Latin
The English word 'Jew' ultimately evolved from the Medieval Latin 'Iudaeus'.
According to Daniel R. Schwartz, what does 'Judean' refer to?
Answer: Inhabitants of Judea, the southern region of Palestine.
Daniel R. Schwartz defines 'Judean' as referring to the inhabitants of Judea, the southern region of Palestine.
The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples and established their kingdoms in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.
Answer: True
The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples and established their kingdoms in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, as stated in the source.
The Israelites distinguished themselves from neighboring peoples in ancient Canaan primarily through their unique agricultural practices.
Answer: False
The Israelites distinguished themselves from neighboring peoples primarily through religious practices, prohibition on intermarriage, and emphasis on genealogy, not unique agricultural practices.
The Kingdom of Judah experienced frequent changes in royal succession due to military coups, unlike the more stable Kingdom of Israel.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of Judah was ruled by the House of David for its entire four-century existence, enjoying greater political stability, unlike the Kingdom of Israel which experienced frequent changes due to coups.
The destruction of the First Temple and the exile of the Judahite population occurred in 587 BCE due to Nebuchadnezzar II.
Answer: True
Nebuchadnezzar II was responsible for the destruction of the First Temple and the deportation of the Judahite population to Babylon in 587 BCE.
Cyrus the Great ended the Babylonian exile, allowing Jews to return and construct the Second Temple.
Answer: True
Cyrus the Great ended the Babylonian exile, allowing Jews to return and construct the Second Temple, according to the Book of Ezra.
The Jewish-Roman wars led to the destruction of the Second Temple and the near-total depopulation of Judaea.
Answer: True
The Jewish-Roman wars led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple, the near-total depopulation of Judaea, and the loss of Jewish political autonomy.
From which ancient peoples did the Israelites emerge?
Answer: The pre-existing Canaanite peoples
The Israelites emerged from the pre-existing Canaanite peoples, establishing their kingdoms in the Southern Levant.
What was a key characteristic that differentiated the Israelites from neighboring peoples in ancient Canaan?
Answer: Their prohibition on intermarriage.
The Israelites distinguished themselves from neighboring peoples through religious practices and a prohibition on intermarriage.
Which kingdom was ruled by the House of David for its entire four-century existence, enjoying greater political stability?
Answer: The Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah was ruled by the House of David for its entire four-century existence, enjoying greater political stability.
Who was responsible for the destruction of the First Temple and the deportation of Judahites to Babylon in 587 BCE?
Answer: Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II, King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was responsible for the destruction of the First Temple and the deportation of Judahites in 587 BCE.
What significant event led to the near-total depopulation of Judaea and the loss of Jewish political autonomy for nearly two millennia?
Answer: The Jewish-Roman wars
The Jewish-Roman wars, particularly the First Jewish-Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt, led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple, the near-total depopulation of Judaea, and the loss of Jewish political autonomy.
After the destruction of the Second Temple, Jewish religious practices shifted from Temple-centered worship to prayer, Torah study, and synagogue gatherings.
Answer: True
After the destruction of the Second Temple, Jewish religious practices shifted from Temple-centered worship to prayer, Torah study, and communal gatherings in synagogues.
The 'Golden Age' of Jewish culture in Muslim Spain was primarily known for its military conquests and political influence.
Answer: False
The 'Golden Age' of Jewish culture in Muslim Spain was primarily known for significant achievements in Hebrew poetry, literature, and scholarship, not military conquests or political influence.
The rise of radical Almoravid and Almohad dynasties and the advancing Reconquista contributed to the end of the Golden Age for Iberian Jewry.
Answer: True
The rise of radical Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, issuing forced conversion decrees, and the advancing Reconquista contributed to the end of the Golden Age for Iberian Jewry.
Following the expulsions from Spain and Portugal in the 1490s, most Jewish exiles settled in North Africa.
Answer: False
Following the expulsions from Spain and Portugal, many Jewish exiles primarily settled in the Ottoman Empire, not North Africa.
The 18th century in Eastern Europe saw the rise of Hasidism and its opponents, the Misnagdim, alongside the Haskalah movement.
Answer: True
The 18th century in Eastern Europe saw the rise of Hasidism, its opponents the Misnagdim, and the Haskalah movement, as described in the source.
Zionism's primary goal was to establish a Jewish polity in the Land of Israel to end centuries of exile and persecution.
Answer: True
Zionism's primary goal was to re-establish a Jewish polity in the Land of Israel to end centuries of exile and persecution.
Theodor Herzl is recognized as the father of political Zionism, publishing 'Der Judenstaat' in 1896.
Answer: True
Theodor Herzl is recognized as the father of political Zionism, publishing 'Der Judenstaat' in 1896 and presiding over the First Zionist Congress.
The 'Final Solution' was a plan by Nazi Germany to relocate Jewish people to remote territories during World War II.
Answer: False
The 'Final Solution' was an extensive, organized effort by Nazi Germany to annihilate the Jewish people, not merely to relocate them.
The State of Israel was declared on May 14, 1948, and immediately faced invasions from neighboring Arab states.
Answer: True
The State of Israel was declared on May 14, 1948, and immediately faced invasions from neighboring Arab states, which were resisted by the newly formed Israel Defense Forces.
Israel's Jewish population grew significantly between 1948 and 1958 due to a high birth rate among existing residents.
Answer: False
Israel's Jewish population grew significantly between 1948 and 1958 primarily due to mass immigration of Holocaust survivors and Jews fleeing Arab lands, not a high birth rate among existing residents.
The Roman and Byzantine Empires consistently supported and elevated the social status of the Jewish population.
Answer: False
The Roman and Byzantine Empires repeatedly repressed the Jewish population, establishing them as second-class citizens, rather than consistently supporting and elevating their social status.
Jews living as 'dhimmis' under Islamic rule were prohibited from practicing their religion and managing internal affairs.
Answer: False
Jews living as 'dhimmis' under Islamic rule were generally permitted to practice their religions and manage internal affairs, although they held an inferior social and legal status.
The Islamic Revolution of Iran in the 1980s caused a mass exodus of Iranian Jews, with most finding refuge in the United States and Israel.
Answer: True
The Islamic Revolution of Iran in the 1980s caused a mass exodus of Iranian Jews, with around 80% leaving the country, primarily finding refuge in the United States and Israel.
The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to a significant wave of Jewish migration to Israel.
Answer: True
The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to a significant wave of Jewish migration to Israel, as many 'refuseniks' were allowed to leave.
How did Jewish religious practices change after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE?
Answer: Practices moved to prayer, Torah study, and communal gatherings in synagogues.
After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Jewish religious practices shifted to prayer, Torah study, and communal gatherings in synagogues.
What was the 'Golden Age' of Jewish culture in Muslim Spain primarily known for?
Answer: Significant achievements in Hebrew poetry, literature, and scholarship.
The 'Golden Age' of Jewish culture in Muslim Spain was known for significant achievements in Hebrew poetry, literature, religious scholarship, grammar, medicine, and science.
Where did many Jewish exiles primarily settle after the expulsions from Spain and Portugal in the 1490s?
Answer: The Ottoman Empire
Following the expulsions from Spain and Portugal in the 1490s, many Jewish exiles settled in the Ottoman Empire.
Which movement, founded by Baal Shem Tov, emerged in Eastern Europe during the 18th century, emphasizing mysticism and piety?
Answer: Hasidism
Hasidism, founded by Baal Shem Tov, emerged in Eastern Europe during the 18th century, emphasizing mysticism and piety.
Who is considered the father of political Zionism?
Answer: Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl is considered the father of political Zionism, having offered his vision in 'Der Judenstaat' and presided over the First Zionist Congress.
What was the 'Final Solution' implemented by Nazi Germany during World War II?
Answer: An extensive effort to annihilate the Jewish people.
The 'Final Solution' was an extensive, organized effort by Nazi Germany during World War II, intended to annihilate the Jewish people, resulting in the Holocaust.
When was the State of Israel declared?
Answer: May 14, 1948
The State of Israel was declared on May 14, 1948, upon the termination of the British Mandate.
What was the primary driver of Israel's Jewish population growth from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958?
Answer: Mass immigration of Holocaust survivors and Jews fleeing Arab lands.
Israel's Jewish population growth from 1948 to 1958 was primarily driven by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors and Jews fleeing Arab lands.
How did the Roman and Byzantine Empires generally treat the Jewish population during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages?
Answer: They repeatedly repressed them and established them as second-class citizens.
The Roman and Byzantine Empires repeatedly repressed the Jewish population and established them as second-class citizens during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
What were Jews and Christians living as 'dhimmis' under Islamic rule generally permitted to do?
Answer: Practice their religions and manage their internal affairs.
Jews and Christians living as 'dhimmis' under Islamic rule were generally permitted to practice their religions and manage their internal affairs, albeit with inferior social and legal status.
What was the primary reason for the mass exodus of Iranian Jews in the 1980s?
Answer: The Islamic Revolution of Iran.
The Islamic Revolution of Iran caused many Iranian Jews to flee Iran, with the exodus peaking in the 1980s.
What impact did the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s have on Jewish migration?
Answer: It resulted in a large wave of Jewish migration to Israel.
The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to a significant wave of Jewish migration to Israel, as 'refuseniks' were allowed to leave.
As of 2022, the global core Jewish population was estimated at approximately 20 million.
Answer: False
As of 2022, the global core Jewish population was estimated at approximately 15.2 million, not 20 million.
Over 85% of the world's Jewish population resides in either Israel or the United States.
Answer: True
Over 85% of the world's Jewish population resides in Israel (approximately 45.3%) or the United States (approximately 39.6%), as indicated by the source.
The three main ethnic subdivisions of Jewish diaspora communities are Ashkenazim, Sephardim, and Yemenite Jews.
Answer: False
The three main ethnic subdivisions of Jewish diaspora communities are Ashkenazim, Sephardim, and Mizrahim, not Yemenite Jews as a main subdivision.
The global Jewish population reached its peak of 16.7 million after World War II.
Answer: False
The global Jewish population reached its peak of 16.7 million before World War II, not after.
According to Sergio Della Pergola's 2021 estimates, the Jewish population in the United States was larger than in Israel.
Answer: False
According to Sergio Della Pergola's 2021 estimates, there were approximately 6.8 million Jews in Israel and 6 million in the United States, indicating Israel had a larger Jewish population.
New York City has the highest percentage of Jews among its total population outside of Israel.
Answer: True
Outside Israel, New York has the highest percentage of Jews among its total population (10.8%), as stated in the source.
The Law of Return, passed by Israel in 1950, grants citizenship only to Jews born in Israel.
Answer: False
The Law of Return grants citizenship to Jews from all over the world, not only to Jews born in Israel.
The Jewish population in Arab countries has significantly increased since 1948.
Answer: False
The Jewish population in Arab countries has significantly dwindled from approximately 800,000 before 1948 to around 26,000 today, indicating a significant decrease, not an increase.
Jewish assimilation accelerated with the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment and the emancipation of Jewish populations.
Answer: True
Jewish assimilation accelerated with the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in the 18th century and the emancipation of Jewish populations in Europe and America.
The interreligious marriage rate for Jews in the United States is approximately 30%.
Answer: False
The interreligious marriage rate for Jews in the United States is just under 50%, not approximately 30%.
The 'Baal teshuva movement' aims to encourage secular Jews to become more religiously observant.
Answer: True
The 'Baal teshuva movement' is a trend where secular Jews become more religiously observant, resulting from efforts by Orthodox movements to strengthen Jewish identity.
Jews constitute 75.4% of the Israeli population, making Israel the only country where Jews are a majority.
Answer: True
Jews constitute 75.4% of the Israeli population, making Israel the only country where Jews are a majority of the citizens.
Jewish Israeli emigrants who leave Israel are known as 'olim'.
Answer: False
Jewish Israeli emigrants who leave Israel are known as 'yordim', not 'olim'.
Orthodox and Haredi Jewish communities in the diaspora experience rapid population growth due to higher birth rates.
Answer: True
Orthodox and Haredi Jewish communities in the diaspora experience rapid population growth due to higher birth rates, as members often shun birth control for religious reasons.
The enlarged estimate of the Jewish population, including those with a Jewish background or non-Jewish household members, was approximately 15.2 million in 2022.
Answer: False
The enlarged estimate of the Jewish population, which includes individuals with a Jewish background or non-Jewish household members, was approximately 22.7 million in 2022, not 15.2 million.
In 2012, the Jewish population represented over 1% of the total world population.
Answer: False
In 2012, the Jewish population was estimated to be less than 0.2% of the total world population, not over 1%.
What was the estimated global core Jewish population as of 2022?
Answer: Approximately 15.2 million
As of 2022, the global core Jewish population was estimated at approximately 15.2 million.
Which two countries host over 85% of the world's Jewish population today?
Answer: Israel and the United States
Over 85% of the world's Jewish population resides in Israel (45.3%) and the United States (39.6%).
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main ethnic subdivisions of Jewish diaspora communities?
Answer: Yemenite Jews
The three main ethnic subdivisions of Jewish diaspora communities are Ashkenazim, Sephardim, and Mizrahim.
What was the peak global Jewish population before World War II?
Answer: 16.7 million
Prior to World War II, the global Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million.
According to demographer Sergio Della Pergola's 2021 estimates, what was the approximate Jewish population in Israel?
Answer: 6.8 million
According to Sergio Della Pergola's 2021 estimates, there were approximately 6.8 million Jews in Israel.
Which metropolitan area outside Israel has the highest percentage of Jews among its total population?
Answer: New York
Outside Israel, New York has the highest percentage of Jews among its total population (10.8%).
What is the significance of Israel's Law of Return, passed in 1950?
Answer: It grants citizenship to Jews from all over the world.
Israel's Law of Return, passed in 1950, grants citizenship to Jews from all over the world, facilitating immigration.
What was the approximate Jewish population in Arab countries before 1948?
Answer: Around 800,000
Prior to 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews lived in lands that now constitute the Arab world.
When did Jewish assimilation accelerate, according to the source?
Answer: With the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in the 18th century.
Jewish assimilation accelerated with the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in the 18th century and the subsequent emancipation of Jewish populations.
What is the interreligious marriage rate for Jews in the United States?
Answer: Just under 50%
The interreligious marriage rate for Jews in the United States is just under 50%.
What is the goal of the 'Baal teshuva movement'?
Answer: To help secular Jews become more religiously observant.
The 'Baal teshuva movement' aims to help secular Jews become more religiously observant, stemming from Orthodox outreach efforts.
What is the current percentage of Jews in the Israeli population?
Answer: Approximately 75.4%
Jews currently account for 75.4% of the Israeli population.
What is the term for Jewish Israeli emigrants who leave Israel?
Answer: Yordim
Jewish Israeli emigrants who leave Israel are known as 'yordim'.
Hebrew is known as 'lashon ha-kodesh' (the holy tongue) and was the daily spoken language of the Jewish people for centuries.
Answer: True
Hebrew is known as 'lashon ha-kodesh' (the holy tongue) and served as the daily spoken language of the Jewish people for centuries, making it a cornerstone of Jewish national identity.
Ashkenazi Jews developed Ladino, while Sephardic Jews developed Yiddish.
Answer: False
Ashkenazi Jews developed Yiddish, while Sephardic Jews developed Ladino, not the other way around.
English has become the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora, often superseding traditional Jewish vernaculars.
Answer: True
English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora, often superseding traditional Jewish vernaculars for communication among Jews worldwide.
There is a single governing body responsible for religious doctrine for the entire Jewish community globally.
Answer: False
There is no single governing body or religious authority responsible for religious doctrine for the entire Jewish community globally; various institutions operate at different levels.
David Goodblatt identified the Hebrew Bible and Jewish national history as foundational for ancient Jewish collective identity.
Answer: True
David Goodblatt identified the Hebrew Bible, parabiblical literature, and Jewish national history as foundational for ancient Jewish collective identity.
Anthony D. Smith suggested that the Jews of the late Second Temple period provided an ideal type of nation, indicating early religious nationalism.
Answer: True
Anthony D. Smith suggested that the Jews of the late Second Temple period provided an ideal type of nation, indicating the possibility of religious nationalism existing before modernity.
Adrian Hastings argued that the model of ancient Israel in the Hebrew Bible provided the world with the original concept of nationhood.
Answer: True
Adrian Hastings argued that the model of ancient Israel in the Hebrew Bible provided the world with the original concept of nationhood.
Jewish individuals have made significant contributions to Western culture primarily in the fields of religion and philosophy.
Answer: False
Jewish individuals have made significant contributions to human progress and Western culture in numerous fields, including science, philosophy, literature, and the arts, not primarily in religion and philosophy alone.
The Star of David is a widely recognized symbol of the Jewish people.
Answer: True
The Star of David is referenced as a common and widely recognized symbol of the Jewish people.
Philanthropic giving is a core function among Jewish organizations, reflecting a tradition of charity.
Answer: True
Philanthropic giving is a widespread core function among Jewish organizations, reflecting a strong tradition of charity and community support.
The Hebrew term 'lashon ha-kodesh' refers to the ancient spoken language of the Canaanites.
Answer: False
The Hebrew term 'lashon ha-kodesh' refers to the liturgical language of Judaism, Hebrew, not the ancient spoken language of the Canaanites.
What is the Hebrew term for the liturgical language of Judaism?
Answer: Lashon ha-kodesh
The Hebrew term for the liturgical language of Judaism is 'lashon ha-kodesh' (the holy tongue).
Which language was developed by Ashkenazi Jews as they migrated to Central Europe?
Answer: Yiddish
Ashkenazi Jews developed Yiddish, a Judaeo-German language, as they migrated to Central Europe.
What has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora today?
Answer: English
English has emerged as the lingua franca of the Jewish diaspora, commonly used for communication among Jews worldwide.
According to the source, is there a single governing body or religious authority for the entire Jewish community?
Answer: No, various institutions operate at different levels.
There is no single governing body or religious authority for the entire Jewish community; various institutions operate at different levels.
What did David Goodblatt identify as providing the foundation for ancient Jewish collective identity?
Answer: The Hebrew Bible, parabiblical literature, and Jewish national history.
David Goodblatt identified the Hebrew Bible, parabiblical literature, and Jewish national history as providing the foundation for ancient Jewish collective identity.
In what fields have Jewish individuals made significant contributions to human progress and Western culture?
Answer: Numerous fields including science, philosophy, literature, and the arts.
Jewish individuals have made significant contributions to human progress and Western culture in numerous fields, including science, philosophy, literature, and the arts.
The Egyptian depiction from the Tomb of Khnumhotep II (c. 1900 BCE) shows the earliest Hebrews, Abraham and Joseph, by name.
Answer: False
The Egyptian depiction from the Tomb of Khnumhotep II illustrates Western Asiatics, considered nearest Biblical contemporaries to earliest Hebrews, but does not name Abraham and Joseph.
The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III is the only known ancient Near Eastern art portrayal of an Israelite or Judaean monarch.
Answer: True
The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III is notable as the only known portrayal in ancient Near Eastern art of an Israelite or Judaean monarch, depicting King Jehu.
The Roman coin 'Ivdaea Capta' from 71 CE commemorated the Roman defeat in the First Jewish-Roman War.
Answer: False
The Roman coin 'Ivdaea Capta' from 71 CE commemorated the Roman victory in the First Jewish-Roman War and the subjugation of Judea, not the Roman defeat.
Y DNA studies suggest that most Jewish populations worldwide bear paternal lineages mainly originating in the Middle East.
Answer: True
Y DNA studies suggest that most Jewish populations worldwide bear paternal lineages mainly originating in the Middle East, consistent with Jewish traditions.
Mitochondrial DNA studies show that all Jewish populations have maternal lineages originating from just four Middle Eastern female founders.
Answer: False
Mitochondrial DNA studies show that maternal lineages are more heterogeneous, and while about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews maternally originate from four Middle Eastern female founders, Sephardi and Mizrahi communities do not show such a narrow founder effect.
Autosomal DNA studies confirm that Jewish diaspora populations share a predominant amount of Middle Eastern ancestry.
Answer: True
Autosomal DNA studies indicate that Jewish populations in the diaspora share a predominant amount of Middle Eastern ancestry, consistent with their historical origins.
The estimated percentage of Sephardic Jewish ancestry in the modern Iberian population is less than 5%.
Answer: False
A 2008 study estimated that up to 19.8% of the modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry, which is significantly more than less than 5%.
What does the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III depict?
Answer: King Jehu, the tenth king of the northern Kingdom of Israel.
The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III depicts King Jehu, the tenth king of the northern Kingdom of Israel, and is the only known ancient Near Eastern art portrayal of an Israelite or Judaean monarch.
What do Y DNA studies suggest about the paternal lineages of most Jewish populations worldwide?
Answer: They mainly originate in the Middle East.
Y DNA studies suggest that most Jewish populations worldwide bear paternal lineages mainly originating in the Middle East.
What do autosomal DNA studies reveal about Jewish populations in the diaspora?
Answer: They indicate a predominant amount of Middle Eastern ancestry.
Autosomal DNA studies indicate that Jewish populations in the diaspora share a predominant amount of Middle Eastern ancestry.