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Total Categories: 6
According to Roman tradition, the gens Julia originated in Rome before migrating from Alba Longa.
Answer: False
Roman tradition asserts that the gens Julia originated from Alba Longa, and were subsequently transferred to Rome.
The historian Diodorus Siculus attributed the role of Pontifex Maximus to the Julii family in Alba Longa.
Answer: False
Diodorus Siculus reported that the gens Julia held the position of *Rex Sacrorum* (King of the Sacred Rites) in Alba Longa, not Pontifex Maximus.
The gens Julia maintained historical connections with the town of Bovillae, notably evidenced by Emperor Tiberius's dedication of a shrine there.
Answer: True
The gens Julia had connections to Bovillae, where Emperor Tiberius later established a shrine (*sacrarium*).
The gens Julia claimed mythical descent from the hero Hercules, son of Jupiter.
Answer: False
The gens Julia claimed descent from Iulus, son of Aeneas, who was grandson of the goddess Venus, not from Hercules.
The historian Livy expressed definitive uncertainty regarding whether Iulus, the claimed ancestor of the Julii, was the same individual as Ascanius, son of Aeneas.
Answer: False
Livy noted uncertainty about the identity of Iulus, questioning if he was the same person as Ascanius, son of Aeneas.
The gens Julia claimed descent from Iulus, the son of Aeneas, who is considered the mythical founder of Alba Longa.
Answer: True
The gens Julia traced its lineage to Iulus, son of Aeneas, who is traditionally regarded as the founder of Alba Longa.
The historian Diodorus Siculus reported that the Julii family held the position of *Rex Sacrorum* in Alba Longa.
Answer: True
Diodorus Siculus documented the Julii family's role as *Rex Sacrorum* in Alba Longa.
According to Roman tradition, which city served as the ancestral home of the gens Julia prior to their relocation to Rome?
Answer: Alba Longa
Roman tradition states that the Julii originated from Alba Longa before being transferred to Rome.
What significant priestly office did Diodorus Siculus report the gens Julia held in Alba Longa?
Answer: Rex Sacrorum
Diodorus Siculus reported that the gens Julia held the position of *Rex Sacrorum* (King of the Sacred Rites) in Alba Longa.
Which legendary figures did the gens Julia claim as their ancestors during the later Roman Republic?
Answer: Aeneas and Venus
In the later Roman Republic, the gens Julia claimed descent from Aeneas, son of Venus.
What uncertainty did the historian Livy express concerning the Julii's mythical ancestor?
Answer: Whether Iulus was the same person as Ascanius.
Livy expressed uncertainty about whether Iulus, the claimed ancestor of the Julii, was the same individual as Ascanius, the son of Aeneas.
The gens Julia's connection to Bovillae is evidenced by:
Answer: Emperor Tiberius dedicating a shrine (*sacrarium*) there.
The gens Julia's connection to Bovillae is evidenced by Emperor Tiberius dedicating a shrine (*sacrarium*) there.
The surname Iullus (or Iulus) was popularized in its spelling by which famous Roman literary work?
Answer: Vergil's *Aeneid*
The spelling 'Iulus' was popularized by Vergil in his epic poem, the *Aeneid*.
The gens Julia is often characterized as a minor family with limited influence in early Roman society.
Answer: False
The gens Julia was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome, holding significant positions in the Roman state, including the highest offices, from the early Republican period.
The primary praenomina consistently used by the gens Julia, particularly during the Republic, were Lucius, Gaius, and Sextus.
Answer: False
The gens Julia was notably conservative with praenomina, primarily using Lucius, Gaius, and Sextus, not Marcus.
The praenomina Vopiscus and Spurius were utilized by early members of the gens Julia, as recorded in the Fasti Capitolini.
Answer: True
The Fasti Capitolini indicate that early members of the gens Julia used the praenomina Vopiscus and Spurius.
The Julii Iulli branch maintained consistent political influence in the highest offices of the Roman state for approximately one century.
Answer: False
The Julii Iulli branch was politically influential for approximately one century, from the 5th century BC onwards, consistently holding high offices.
Cognomina such as Mento and Libo were associated with the gens Julia during the Roman Republic.
Answer: True
The cognomina Mento and Libo are listed among those associated with the gens Julia during the Roman Republic.
Sextus Julius Caesar, the praetor of 208 BC, was the last known member of the gens Julia to use the surname Caesar.
Answer: False
Sextus Julius Caesar, praetor in 208 BC, is identified as the first known bearer of the surname Caesar within the gens Julia, not the last.
The Julii Iulli branch consistently held the highest offices of the Roman state for approximately one century.
Answer: True
The Julii Iulli branch maintained consistent political influence in the highest offices of the Roman state for approximately one century.
The surname Caesar was first borne by Sextus Julius Caesar, who served as consul in 208 BC.
Answer: False
Sextus Julius Caesar, who served as praetor in 208 BC, is identified as the first known bearer of the surname Caesar.
Which of the following was NOT among the primary cognomina (surnames) associated with the gens Julia during the Roman Republic?
Answer: Scipio
Primary cognomina associated with the gens Julia during the Republic included Iulus, Mento, Libo, and Caesar. Scipio belonged to a different prominent Roman family.
Who is identified as the first known individual in the gens Julia to bear the surname Caesar?
Answer: Sextus Julius Caesar, the praetor
Sextus Julius Caesar, who held the office of praetor in 208 BC, is identified as the first known member of the gens Julia to bear the surname Caesar.
Which of the following statements regarding the praenomina of the gens Julia is accurate?
Answer: Lucius, Gaius, and Sextus were the most common.
The gens Julia primarily used the praenomina Lucius, Gaius, and Sextus.
The cognomen Caesar was adopted by Augustus and subsequently became a standard component of the imperial title.
Answer: True
Augustus adopted the cognomen Caesar, and it later evolved into a crucial part of the imperial title.
Gaius Julius Caesar held the positions of consul and dictator multiple times, including dictatorial terms in 49 BC and from 47 to 44 BC.
Answer: True
Gaius Julius Caesar served multiple terms as consul and dictator, notably holding the dictatorship in 49 BC and again from 47 to 44 BC.
Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar, married Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony).
Answer: False
Julia, the daughter of Julius Caesar, was married to Pompey the Great, not Mark Antony.
Augustus, originally Gaius Octavius, became linked to the gens Julia through his adoption by Julius Caesar.
Answer: True
Augustus, originally Gaius Octavius, was adopted by Julius Caesar, thus becoming Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus and linking him to the gens Julia.
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, later Augustus, was the biological son of Julius Caesar.
Answer: False
Augustus was the adopted son of Julius Caesar, taking his name, but was biologically the son of Gaius Octavius and Atia.
Gaius Julius Caesar, the renowned dictator, held which of the following positions multiple times?
Answer: Consul and Dictator
Gaius Julius Caesar served multiple terms as consul and dictator, notably holding the dictatorship in 49 BC and again from 47 to 44 BC.
To whom was Julia, the daughter of Gaius Julius Caesar, married?
Answer: Pompey the Great
Julia, the daughter of Gaius Julius Caesar, was married to Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, widely known as Pompey the Great, a pivotal figure in Roman politics.
How did Augustus, originally Gaius Octavius, become associated with the gens Julia?
Answer: Through his adoption by Julius Caesar.
Augustus became associated with the gens Julia through his adoption by Julius Caesar, which led to his name change to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus.
Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus, was married to Emperor Tiberius as her first husband.
Answer: False
Julia the Elder was married first to Marcus Claudius Marcellus, then to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, and finally to Emperor Tiberius.
Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Augustus's elder grandsons, were adopted by him and designated as his heirs.
Answer: True
Augustus adopted his grandsons Gaius and Lucius Caesar and designated them as his heirs, but both died at a young age.
Germanicus Julius Caesar was the son of Emperor Tiberius.
Answer: False
Germanicus Julius Caesar was the nephew of Emperor Tiberius, who adopted him, positioning Germanicus as a potential successor.
Caligula, the emperor who succeeded Tiberius, was the son of Germanicus Julius Caesar.
Answer: True
Caligula, whose full name was Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, succeeded Tiberius as emperor and was the son of Germanicus.
Julia Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero, was the sister of Emperor Caligula.
Answer: True
Julia Agrippina the Younger, daughter of Germanicus and sister to Emperor Caligula, was a pivotal figure in the Julio-Claudian dynasty primarily as the mother of Emperor Nero.
Which of the following individuals was NOT a child or grandchild of Augustus directly involved in succession plans?
Answer: Tiberius
While Tiberius succeeded Augustus, he was his stepson and adopted son, not a biological child or grandchild directly groomed from birth as part of the initial succession plans involving Gaius and Lucius Caesar and Germanicus.
What was the familial relationship between Germanicus Julius Caesar and Emperor Tiberius?
Answer: Uncle and Nephew (Tiberius adopted Germanicus)
Germanicus Julius Caesar was the nephew of Emperor Tiberius, who adopted him, positioning Germanicus as a potential successor and underscoring the intertwined nature of the Julio-Claudian family lines.
Who was the mother of Emperor Nero and sister to Emperor Caligula?
Answer: Agrippina the Younger
Agrippina the Younger, daughter of Germanicus, was the mother of Nero and the sister of Emperor Caligula.
Which Roman emperor founded the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
Answer: Augustus
Augustus, through his adoption by Julius Caesar and subsequent rule, founded the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
The nomen 'Julius' became widespread throughout the Roman Empire, often adopted by individuals gaining citizenship, rather than being exclusively used by the imperial family.
Answer: False
The nomen Julius became common as it was granted to many new citizens, not solely due to its use by the imperial family.
Julius Polyaenus was a Roman general known for his campaigns in Gaul under Julius Caesar.
Answer: False
Julius Polyaenus is known for his *Stratagems*, a work on military tactics, not as a general in Gaul.
Marcus Julius Cottius was a Roman governor appointed by Augustus to rule over the Batavians.
Answer: False
Marcus Julius Cottius was appointed by Augustus as King and Praefectus over Alpine tribes (Liguares), not the Batavians.
Gaius Julius Civilis is primarily known for leading the Batavian Rebellion against Roman rule.
Answer: True
Gaius Julius Civilis was a prominent leader of the Batavian Rebellion, a significant uprising against Roman authority.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is celebrated for his governorship and military expansion in Hispania.
Answer: False
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is renowned for his governorship and military campaigns in Britannia, not Hispania.
The Alcántara Bridge, designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, was built over the Tiber River in Rome.
Answer: False
The Alcántara Bridge, designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, spans the Tagus River in Spain, not the Tiber River in Rome.
Sextus Julius Severus was instrumental in suppressing the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judaea under Emperor Hadrian.
Answer: True
Sextus Julius Severus was dispatched to Judaea by Emperor Hadrian to lead Roman forces in suppressing the major Bar Kokhba revolt.
Julius Paulus was a contemporary of Julius Caesar, known for his military strategies.
Answer: False
Julius Paulus was a significant Roman jurist, not a military figure contemporary to Julius Caesar, and is known for his contributions to Roman law.
Maximinus Thrax, who reigned from 235 to 238 AD, was the first Roman emperor from the senatorial class.
Answer: False
Maximinus Thrax was the first Roman emperor who did not originate from the senatorial class.
Philip the Arab, Marcus Julius Philippus, ruled as emperor during the Pax Romana.
Answer: False
Marcus Julius Philippus (Philip the Arab) reigned during the Crisis of the Third Century, not the Pax Romana.
Julius Firmicus Maternus was a fourth-century writer known for his works on astrology and pagan religions.
Answer: True
Julius Firmicus Maternus is recognized for his fourth-century writings on astrology and pagan religions.
Decimus Magnus Ausonius, a celebrated poet, was the son of a prominent military general.
Answer: False
The poet Ausonius was the son of a physician, not a military general.
Julius Valerius Majorianus reigned as emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Answer: False
Julius Valerius Majorianus reigned as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
Julius Nepos served as emperor of the Western Roman Empire in the early 5th century AD.
Answer: False
Julius Nepos served as emperor of the Western Roman Empire in AD 474-475, which is the late 5th century.
Gaius Julius Eurycles provided financial support to Mark Antony before the Battle of Actium.
Answer: False
Gaius Julius Eurycles supported Octavian, not Mark Antony, prior to the Battle of Actium.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola earned fame for his governorship and military campaigns in Britannia.
Answer: True
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is renowned for his governorship and military achievements in Britannia.
Julius Paulus was a Roman emperor known for his military prowess during the Crisis of the Third Century.
Answer: False
Julius Paulus was a prominent jurist, not an emperor, and is known for his contributions to Roman law.
The Alcántara Bridge, a notable structure designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, is still standing today.
Answer: True
The Alcántara Bridge, designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, remains standing as a testament to Roman engineering.
Julius Polyaenus is known for his contributions in which field?
Answer: Poetry (epigrams)
Julius Polyaenus is known for his epigrams included in the *Greek Anthology*, a compilation of Greek poetry.
What role did Marcus Julius Cottius fulfill under Emperor Augustus?
Answer: King of Alpine tribes (Liguares) and Praefectus
Marcus Julius Cottius was king of several Alpine tribes of the Ligures. He submitted to Emperor Augustus and was granted the title of Praefectus, signifying his position as a Roman-appointed ruler.
Gaius Julius Civilis is historically significant for leading which major event?
Answer: The Batavian Rebellion
Gaius Julius Civilis was a prominent leader of the Batavian Rebellion, a significant uprising against Roman rule.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is most famous for his achievements as governor of which Roman province?
Answer: Britannia
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is renowned for his governorship and military campaigns in Britannia.
The Alcántara Bridge, a notable structure designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, spans which river?
Answer: Tagus River
The Alcántara Bridge, designed by Gaius Julius Lacer, spans the Tagus River in Spain.
Under Emperor Hadrian, Sextus Julius Severus played a crucial military role in suppressing which major revolt?
Answer: The Jewish revolt led by Bar Kokhba
Sextus Julius Severus was instrumental in suppressing the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judaea under Emperor Hadrian.
What was the primary contribution of the jurist Julius Paulus?
Answer: Writing extensively on Roman law
Julius Paulus was a highly influential jurist whose extensive writings significantly shaped Roman law.
Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus (Maximinus Thrax) holds which distinction?
Answer: The first emperor not originating from the senatorial class.
Maximinus Thrax was the first Roman emperor who did not originate from the senatorial class.
Marcus Julius Philippus, known as Philip the Arab, ruled as Roman emperor during which period?
Answer: The Crisis of the Third Century (235-284 AD)
Philip the Arab reigned during the Crisis of the Third Century, from AD 244 to 249.
What is Julius Firmicus Maternus known for in the fourth century?
Answer: Writing on astrology and pagan religions
Julius Firmicus Maternus is recognized for his fourth-century writings on astrology and pagan religions.
The poet Ausonius (Decimus Magnus Ausonius) was the son of which profession?
Answer: A physician
The poet Ausonius was the son of a physician.
Julius Valerius Majorianus reigned as emperor of which part of the Roman Empire?
Answer: The Western Roman Empire
Julius Valerius Majorianus reigned as emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
When did Julius Nepos serve as emperor of the Western Roman Empire?
Answer: AD 474-475
Julius Nepos served as emperor of the Western Roman Empire in AD 474-475.
The surname Iullus is theorized by some Latin grammarians to be derived from the name of the god Jupiter.
Answer: False
While connected to Iulus, son of Aeneas, the surname Iullus was not derived from Jupiter; some grammarians attempted such an etymological link, but it is not the primary theory.
The spelling 'Iulus' for the surname was popularized by the historian Tacitus in his works.
Answer: False
The spelling 'Iulus' was popularized by Vergil in his *Aeneid*, not by the historian Tacitus.
Scholar George Davis Chase proposed that the surname Libo derives from a role associated with libations.
Answer: True
George Davis Chase suggested the surname Libo may originate from the Latin verb *libare*, relating to the act of pouring libations.
Ancient writers universally agreed that the cognomen Caesar originated from the Latin word for 'abundant hair'.
Answer: False
Ancient writers proposed multiple theories for the origin of the cognomen Caesar, and there was no universal agreement that it derived from *caesaries* (abundant hair).
Note [i] suggests that only patricians held the consulship before 367 BC without scholarly debate.
Answer: False
Note [i] indicates that the traditional view of patrician-only consulships before 367 BC is debated by scholars.
Note [ii] indicates that the surname Silanus is exclusively associated with the Junia gens.
Answer: False
Note [ii] clarifies that while Silanus is usually linked to the Junia gens, the combination 'Julius Silanus' is attested, suggesting a potential link to the gens Julia.
The cognomen Caesar is believed by some scholars to derive from the Latin word *caesaries*, meaning 'shaved head'.
Answer: False
While *caesaries* means 'abundant hair', some scholars propose this as the origin of Caesar, not 'shaved head'.
What is considered the most plausible etymological theory for the surname Caesar among some scholars?
Answer: Originating from the Latin word *caesaries*, meaning 'abundant hair'.
Some scholars find the theory that Caesar derives from the Latin word *caesaries*, meaning 'abundant hair,' to be the most plausible explanation, consistent with Roman naming conventions based on physical traits.
What does Note [ii] suggest regarding the surname Silanus and its potential connection to the gens Julia?
Answer: The combination 'Julius Silanus' is attested, suggesting a possible link.
Note [ii] indicates that the combination 'Julius Silanus' is attested, suggesting a possible link between the surname Silanus and the gens Julia, despite its usual association with the Junia gens.