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Total Categories: 5
Mount Kanlaon is located on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.
Answer: False
Mount Kanlaon is located on the island of Negros, not Mindanao.
The elevation of Mount Kanlaon is approximately 2,465 meters (8,087 feet) above sea level.
Answer: True
The commonly cited elevation for Mount Kanlaon is 2,465 meters (8,087 feet) above sea level, though some sources also report 2,435 meters (7,989 feet).
Mount Kanlaon is classified as an active andesitic stratovolcano.
Answer: True
Mount Kanlaon is geologically classified as an active andesitic stratovolcano, situated within the seismically active Pacific Ring of Fire.
Mount Kanlaon is situated approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) northwest of Bacolod City.
Answer: False
Mount Kanlaon is situated approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) southeast of Bacolod City, not northwest.
The volcano spans across the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental.
Answer: True
Mount Kanlaon spans across the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental on the island of Negros.
Mount Kanlaon is part of the seismically active Pacific Ring of Fire.
Answer: True
Being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire signifies that Mount Kanlaon is located in a seismically active zone characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Mount Silay and Mount Mandalagan are located to the south of Mount Kanlaon.
Answer: False
Mount Silay and Mount Mandalagan are volcanic edifices situated to the north of Mount Kanlaon, not to the south.
The Margaja Valley caldera on Mount Kanlaon contains a permanent, large crater lake.
Answer: False
The Margaja Valley caldera on Mount Kanlaon contains a small crater lake that is often seasonal, rather than permanent and large.
Mount Kanlaon ranks as the 42nd-highest peak of an island worldwide.
Answer: True
Mount Kanlaon ranks as the 42nd-highest peak of an island worldwide, with an elevation of 2,465 meters (8,087 feet).
What is the primary geological classification of Mount Kanlaon?
Answer: An active andesitic stratovolcano
Mount Kanlaon is geologically classified as an active andesitic stratovolcano, situated within the seismically active Pacific Ring of Fire.
Which island is Mount Kanlaon located on?
Answer: Negros
Mount Kanlaon is situated on the island of Negros in the Philippines.
What is the approximate elevation of Mount Kanlaon in feet?
Answer: 8,087 feet
The approximate elevation of Mount Kanlaon is 8,087 feet (2,465 meters) above sea level.
Which two provinces does Mount Kanlaon straddle?
Answer: Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental
Mount Kanlaon spans across the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental on the island of Negros.
What is the significance of Mount Kanlaon being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Answer: It is a zone known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Being part of the Pacific Ring of Fire signifies that Mount Kanlaon is located in a seismically active zone characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
What is the significance of the Margaja Valley caldera mentioned in relation to Mount Kanlaon's features?
Answer: It contains a small, often seasonal, crater lake.
The Margaja Valley caldera on Mount Kanlaon is significant for containing a small, often seasonal, crater lake.
Mount Kanlaon is an extinct volcano with no recorded eruptions in the last century.
Answer: False
Mount Kanlaon is classified as an active volcano, not extinct. It has erupted more than 40 times since 1819, with its most recent activity documented in the 21st century.
Kanlaon Volcano has erupted more than 40 times since 1819.
Answer: True
Kanlaon Volcano is the most active volcano in the Visayas, having erupted more than 40 times since 1819, typically with phreatic (steam-driven) eruptions.
The typical eruption style of Kanlaon Volcano involves large lava flows and significant pyroclastic surges.
Answer: False
Kanlaon Volcano typically experiences phreatic eruptions, which are steam-driven and generally small to moderate in size, producing minor ashfalls, rather than large lava flows or significant pyroclastic surges.
In the 1996 eruption, three climbers were tragically killed on Mount Kanlaon.
Answer: True
On August 10, 1996, an unexpected eruption of Mount Kanlaon tragically resulted in the deaths of three climbers and trapped others, necessitating a rescue operation.
In 2006, Kanlaon showed increased activity, spewing steam and ash, leading to Alert Level 1.
Answer: True
In 2006, Kanlaon showed increased activity on June 3, spewing steam and ash, leading to Alert Level 1. A total of 23 phreatic eruptions were reported by July 25, indicating near-surface hydrothermal events.
The eruption on December 9, 2024, caused flight cancellations across several Philippine airports.
Answer: True
Following the explosive eruption on December 9, 2024, which produced a large plume and pyroclastic flow, numerous flights were cancelled across various airports in the Philippines, in addition to large-scale evacuations.
The April 8, 2025 eruption generated pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) down the southern slopes and caused wildfires.
Answer: True
The explosive eruption on April 8, 2025, was characterized by the generation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that descended the southern slopes, and ignited vegetation, leading to wildfires.
What type of eruption is typically associated with Kanlaon Volcano?
Answer: Phreatic eruptions driven by steam
Kanlaon Volcano typically experiences phreatic eruptions, which are steam-driven and generally small to moderate in size, producing minor ashfalls.
The eruption in 1902 was characterized by the ejection of incandescent materials, classifying it as which type?
Answer: Strombolian
The eruption in 1902 was classified as Strombolian, a type of eruption characterized by the ejection of incandescent materials such as cinders, lapilli, and lava bombs.
What tragic event occurred on August 10, 1996, involving Mount Kanlaon?
Answer: An unexpected eruption killed three climbers.
On August 10, 1996, an unexpected eruption of Mount Kanlaon tragically resulted in the deaths of three climbers and trapped others, necessitating a rescue operation.
What was the nature of the eruption on December 9, 2024, which led to Alert Level 3?
Answer: An explosive eruption with a large plume and pyroclastic flow.
The eruption on December 9, 2024, which prompted the raising of Alert Level 3, was an explosive event producing a large plume and pyroclastic flow down the southeastern side, accompanied by ashfall.
During the April 8, 2025 eruption, what hazardous phenomena were observed descending the southern slopes?
Answer: Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)
During the April 8, 2025 eruption, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were observed descending the southern slopes of Mount Kanlaon.
PHIVOLCS has extensively studied Kanlaon Volcano, accurately determining its precise age.
Answer: False
While PHIVOLCS continuously monitors Kanlaon Volcano, it has not been studied as extensively as other major volcanoes, and its precise age has not yet been accurately determined.
PHIVOLCS recommended suspending treks to the summit in March 2001 due to potential ash ejection.
Answer: True
In March 2001, PHIVOLCS recommended suspending treks to the summit crater due to observations of earthquake clusters and patterns similar to those preceding the 1996 eruption, suggesting a potential for sudden ash ejection.
In March 2020, PHIVOLCS raised the alert level to 1 due to a decrease in volcanic earthquakes.
Answer: False
In March 2020, PHIVOLCS raised the alert level to 1 due to an increase in volcanic activities, including 80 volcanic earthquakes recorded since March 9, not a decrease.
On September 10, 2024, sulfur dioxide emissions from Kanlaon reached a record high, suggesting a potential magmatic eruption.
Answer: True
On September 10, 2024, sulfur dioxide emissions from Kanlaon reached a record high of 9,985 tonnes, prompting warnings that the volcano might be undergoing its first magmatic eruption since 1902.
What is the primary role of PHIVOLCS concerning Kanlaon Volcano?
Answer: To continuously monitor volcanic activity
The primary role of PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology) concerning Kanlaon Volcano is to continuously monitor its volcanic activity, as it is the government agency responsible for tracking volcanoes and earthquakes in the Philippines.
In March 2001, PHIVOLCS recommended suspending treks due to observations suggesting what?
Answer: A potential for sudden ash ejection
In March 2001, PHIVOLCS recommended suspending treks to the summit crater due to observations of earthquake clusters and patterns similar to those preceding the 1996 eruption, suggesting a potential for sudden ash ejection.
The ground deformation observed in July 2024, specifically the swelling of Kanlaon's edifice, suggested what potential development?
Answer: Potential magmatic intrusion
The observed swelling of Kanlaon's edifice in July 2024, a phenomenon ongoing since mid-June, indicated potential magmatic intrusion, suggesting an increased likelihood of further eruptive activity.
What does the current alert status of Level 3 for Kanlaon Volcano (as of January 11, 2025) signify?
Answer: Heightened volcanic unrest and potential for hazardous eruptions.
Alert Level 3 for Kanlaon Volcano signifies heightened volcanic unrest and indicates the potential for sudden, hazardous eruptions.
What advisory did PHIVOLCS issue following the April 8, 2025 eruption regarding the Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ)?
Answer: Entry into the PDZ was advised against due to risks.
Following the April 8, 2025 eruption, PHIVOLCS advised the public to avoid entering the 4-kilometer Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) due to the inherent risks of sudden explosions and hazardous volcanic flows.
What was the recommended safety measure after the moderately explosive eruption on May 13, 2025?
Answer: Establishment of a 6-kilometer evacuation zone.
Following the moderately explosive eruption on May 13, 2025, PHIVOLCS recommended the establishment of a 6-kilometer evacuation zone from the volcano due to observed projectiles, burning vegetation, and ashfall.
Mount Kanlaon was originally named 'Malaspina' by the Spanish explorers.
Answer: False
While the volcano was briefly renamed 'Malaspina' by Spanish explorers during the late colonial period to honor Alejandro Malaspina, this was a renaming, not its original name.
The name 'Kanlaon' translates directly to 'the ancient one' in the Visayan language.
Answer: False
While 'Laon' itself translates to 'the ancient one' in Visayan languages, the name 'Kanlaon' specifically means '[place] of Laon', referring to the goddess associated with creation, agriculture, and justice.
In Indigenous Philippine folk religions, Mount Kanlaon is considered the domain of a powerful male deity named Laon.
Answer: False
Indigenous Philippine folk religions, particularly among the Visayan peoples, revere Mount Kanlaon as the domain of a powerful female deity named Laon, who is considered a supreme creator deity by many Visayan groups.
Miguel de Loarca recorded that the deity Lalahon (or Laon) resided within the Kanlaon volcano.
Answer: True
Miguel de Loarca's 1582 record documented that the deity Lalahon (or Laon) dwelled within the Kanlaon volcano and was an agricultural deity.
The name 'Kanlaon' is derived from a Visayan term meaning what?
Answer: Place of Laon
The name 'Kanlaon' originates from the Visayan language and signifies '[place] of Laon'. Laon is recognized as a pre-colonial Visayan goddess associated with creation, agriculture, and justice.
Who was Alejandro Malaspina honored by the renaming of Mount Kanlaon during the Spanish colonial period?
Answer: A famous explorer
During the late Spanish colonial period, the volcano was briefly renamed 'Malaspina' to honor Alejandro Malaspina, a famous explorer who led the Malaspina Expedition.
Laon, the deity associated with the name Kanlaon, is revered for her connection to which aspects?
Answer: Creation, agriculture, and justice
Laon, the deity associated with the name Kanlaon, is revered for her connections to creation, agriculture, and justice, reflecting her role as a significant figure in pre-colonial Visayan beliefs.
According to Miguel de Loarca's 1582 record, what was the deity Lalahon believed to do if displeased?
Answer: Send locusts to destroy crops
According to Miguel de Loarca's 1582 record, the deity Lalahon, if displeased, was believed to send locusts to destroy crops.
Which Visayan ethnic group is NOT explicitly mentioned in the source as having beliefs related to the deity Laon?
Answer: Tagalog
While the source lists several Visayan ethnic groups such as Cebuano, Hiligaynon, and Waray as having beliefs related to the deity Laon, the Tagalog ethnic group is not explicitly mentioned in this context.
Mambukal Hot Springs is located on the northwest side of Mount Kanlaon.
Answer: True
Mambukal Hot Springs, along with Bucalan Hot Spring and Bungol Hot Spring, are located on the slopes of Mount Kanlaon, with Mambukal situated on the northwest side.
Mount Kanlaon Natural Park was established in 1954.
Answer: False
Mount Kanlaon Natural Park was established on August 8, 1934, not 1954.
Which of the following hot springs is located on Mount Kanlaon's slopes?
Answer: Mambukal Hot Springs
Mambukal Hot Springs, along with Bucalan Hot Spring and Bungol Hot Spring, are located on the slopes of Mount Kanlaon.
Mount Kanlaon is the central feature of which protected area?
Answer: Mount Kanlaon Natural Park
Mount Kanlaon is the central and defining feature of the Mount Kanlaon Natural Park, a protected area established on August 8, 1934.
What system is used to mark the hiking trails on Mount Kanlaon, aiming to enhance tourism and ecological responsibility?
Answer: Unified Hiking Marker System
The hiking trails on Mount Kanlaon utilize the pioneering Unified Hiking Marker System, designed to enhance tourism appeal and promote ecological responsibility.
What do the red trail markers on Mount Kanlaon signify?
Answer: Difficult trails leading to the summit
On Mount Kanlaon, red trail markers signify the most difficult trails, often leading directly to the summit.