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Total Categories: 8
The Khanate of Kokand was established in the Fergana Valley during the late 19th century.
Answer: False
The Khanate of Kokand was established in 1709, not the late 19th century.
The weakening authority of the Khanate of Bukhara was a key factor leading to the establishment of the Khanate of Kokand.
Answer: True
The diminishing authority of the Khanate of Bukhara over the Fergana Valley was a significant factor that enabled the establishment of the Khanate of Kokand.
Who is credited with founding the Khanate of Kokand and in what year?
Answer: Shahrukh Biy in 1709
Shahrukh Biy, leader of the Ming tribe of Uzbeks, is credited with founding the Khanate of Kokand in 1709.
What factor directly contributed to the establishment of the Khanate of Kokand by weakening existing powers?
Answer: The diminishing authority of the Khanate of Bukhara
The weakening authority of the Khanate of Bukhara over the Fergana Valley was a direct factor that facilitated the establishment of the Khanate of Kokand.
The economy of the Khanate of Kokand was primarily based on nomadic pastoralism and trade routes.
Answer: False
The economy of the Khanate of Kokand was primarily based on agriculture, supported by extensive irrigation systems and the mobilization of labor by local communities.
The Shahrukhid dynasty was responsible for developing extensive irrigation systems in the Fergana Valley.
Answer: True
The Shahrukhid dynasty, particularly from the reign of Narbuta Biy onwards, was responsible for the construction and upkeep of extensive irrigation systems, transforming the Fergana Valley's landscape.
Indian merchants and moneylenders were discouraged from operating in Kokand due to fears of foreign influence.
Answer: False
Indian merchants and moneylenders were invited to Kokand to strengthen its agricultural sector, indicating they were not discouraged but rather utilized for economic purposes.
Which of the following was NOT listed as a former territory of the Khanate of Kokand today?
Answer: Turkmenistan
The former lands of the Khanate of Kokand are now divided among Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan; Turkmenistan was not part of its territory.
The economy of Kokand was primarily based on:
Answer: Agriculture supported by extensive irrigation
The economy of Kokand was primarily based on agriculture, significantly enhanced by extensive irrigation systems and the mobilization of labor.
How did the Khanate of Kokand utilize its control over irrigation canals?
Answer: To maintain control over subjects and boost agricultural income.
The Khanate of Kokand utilized its control over irrigation canals to maintain authority over its subjects and enhance agricultural income by regulating water access.
The population of the Khanate of Kokand was ethnically homogenous, consisting almost entirely of Uzbek tribes.
Answer: False
The population of the Khanate of Kokand was multi-ethnic, including sedentary Turkic and Persian-speaking communities, nomadic tribes, and Pamiri groups, not solely Uzbek tribes.
In the 1830s, the Khanate of Kokand had a population exceeding 5 million people, with a majority being nomadic tribespeople.
Answer: False
In the 1830s, the Khanate of Kokand's population of over 5 million was composed of approximately 3 million sedentary residents and 2 to 2.5 million nomadic tribespeople, meaning the sedentary population was the majority.
The term 'Sart' exclusively referred to nomadic Uzbek tribes within the Khanate.
Answer: False
The term 'Sart' did not exclusively refer to nomadic Uzbek tribes; it commonly denoted sedentary Turkic and Tajik populations within the Khanate.
Modern concepts of ethnic identity were strongly adhered to by the people of Central Asia during the khanate's existence.
Answer: False
Modern concepts of ethnic identity were not strongly adhered to; allegiances were primarily based on tribal, clan, or local connections due to the long history of intermingling and fluid identities.
The term 'Sart' in the Khanate of Kokand primarily referred to which population group?
Answer: Sedentary Turkic and Persian-speaking communities
The term 'Sart' commonly referred to the sedentary Turkic and Persian-speaking communities within the Khanate of Kokand, who were often bilingual and shared a common cultural and economic role.
In the 1830s, the Khanate of Kokand had a population of over 5 million people. Which statement accurately reflects the sedentary vs. nomadic breakdown?
Answer: Approximately 3 million sedentary residents and 2-2.5 million nomadic tribespeople.
In the 1830s, the Khanate of Kokand's population of over 5 million comprised approximately 3 million sedentary residents and 2 to 2.5 million nomadic tribespeople.
Why was the modern concept of ethnic identity not strongly emphasized in the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: Because allegiances were primarily based on tribal, clan, or local connections.
The modern concept of ethnic identity was not strongly emphasized because allegiances within the Khanate were primarily based on tribal, clan, or local connections, reflecting a history of intermingling and fluid identities.
The 'Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate' mentioned in the source refers to:
Answer: A breakaway entity formed by Kyrgyz tribes during Kokand's civil wars.
The 'Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate' refers to a breakaway entity formed by Kyrgyz tribes during the civil wars that weakened the Khanate of Kokand in the mid-19th century.
Which of the following best describes the nature of identity and allegiance within the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: Based more on tribal, clan, and local connections than ethnicity.
Identity and allegiance within the Khanate of Kokand were primarily based on tribal, clan, and local connections rather than ethnicity, reflecting a complex social structure.
Kokand itself served as the capital city from its founding in 1709 until 1740.
Answer: False
Kokand was not the initial capital; Koktonliq Ata served as the capital from 1709 until 1740, after which Kokand became the capital.
Tajiks held significant positions as scribes and clergy within the Khanate's administration.
Answer: True
Tajiks constituted the majority of scribes and Muslim clergy within the Khanate of Kokand, reflecting the significant Persian cultural influence on its administration and religious institutions.
The Shahrukhid rulers of Kokand modeled their administration primarily on Mongol practices.
Answer: False
Some rulers of Kokand modeled their administration on Timurid practices, supporting various societal groups and intellectual endeavors.
The 'Gala Bahadur' was a force of irregular Uzbek troops primarily paid through plunder.
Answer: False
The 'Gala Bahadur' was a musketeer force of Pamiri slave soldiers, not irregular Uzbek troops paid through plunder.
Which of the following was NOT a capital city of the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: Tashkent
While Kokand and Koktonliq Ata served as capitals, and Eski Orda was the site of the later capital, Tashkent was a major city within the Khanate but not its primary capital.
Which group constituted the majority of scribes and Muslim clergy within the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: Tajiks
Tajiks constituted the majority of scribes and Muslim clergy within the Khanate of Kokand, reflecting the significant Persian cultural influence on its administration and religious institutions.
The 'Gala Bahadur' force, created by Alim Khan, was significant because it represented:
Answer: A shift towards a standing army equipped with modern weaponry.
The 'Gala Bahadur' force represented a significant shift towards a standing army equipped with modern weaponry, inspired by Ottoman Janissaries, rather than a return to traditional tactics.
The 'Sipah-i Jadid' (New Army) created by Alim Khan primarily consisted of:
Answer: Pamiri slave soldiers (Ghalcha).
The 'Sipah-i Jadid' (New Army), created by Alim Khan, primarily consisted of Pamiri slave soldiers (Ghalcha), representing a significant military reform.
Which of the following best describes the administrative structure of the Khanate of Kokand in relation to modern states?
Answer: It was not aligned with modern centralized states due to tribal influences.
The administrative structure of the Khanate of Kokand was not aligned with modern centralized states, largely due to the persistent influence of traditional tribal structures and differing technological contexts.
Alim Khan significantly expanded the Khanate's territory by conquering the eastern half of the Fergana Valley.
Answer: False
Alim Khan conquered the western half of the Fergana Valley, including key cities like Khujand and Tashkent, thereby expanding the khanate's territory.
Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara invaded Kokand in 1842, leading to the execution of Madali Khan.
Answer: True
Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara invaded Kokand in 1842, resulting in the execution of Khan Madali Khan, his brother, and his wife, Nodira.
Khudayar Khan focused on military reforms and territorial expansion during his final reign.
Answer: False
During his final reign, Khudayar Khan prioritized the embellishment of his palace and the imposition of heavy taxes, which contributed to his downfall rather than military reforms or territorial expansion.
Muhammad Ali Khan (Madali Khan) ascended to the throne at an advanced age and ruled for several decades.
Answer: False
Muhammad Ali Khan (Madali Khan) ascended to the throne in 1822 at the age of 12, and during his reign, the Khanate of Kokand achieved its greatest territorial extent.
What was Khudayar Khan's primary focus during his later reign, which ultimately contributed to his downfall?
Answer: Improving his lavish palace and imposing oppressive taxes.
Khudayar Khan's focus on enhancing his palace and levying oppressive taxes during his later reign led to insurrections and his eventual exile, contributing to his downfall.
Who was executed by Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara in 1842 following his invasion of Kokand?
Answer: Madali Khan, his brother, and his wife Nodira.
Emir Nasrullah Khan of Bukhara executed Madali Khan, his brother, and his wife Nodira in 1842 following his invasion of Kokand.
Which of the following rulers is known for conquering the western half of the Fergana Valley, including Tashkent?
Answer: Alim Khan
Alim Khan is known for conquering the western half of the Fergana Valley, including the important cities of Khujand and Tashkent.
What was the primary reason for the Pamiri (Ghalcha) people being targeted for enslavement and recruitment into Alim Khan's army?
Answer: They were considered heretics (Ismaili Shias) by their Sunni neighbors.
The Pamiri (Ghalcha) people were targeted for enslavement and recruitment due to their Ismaili Shia faith, which was considered heretical by their Sunni neighbors, making them vulnerable.
Who served as the regent for Khudayar Khan during his first reign (1844-1858), wielding significant influence?
Answer: Musulmonqul
Musulmonqul served as the regent for Khudayar Khan during his first reign (1844-1858), wielding considerable influence in the khanate's governance.
The Khanate of Kokand's military technology, including muskets and cannons, was superior to that of the Russian Empire.
Answer: False
While Kokand possessed muskets and cannons, its military technology was generally inferior to that of the Russian Empire, contributing to its military disadvantages.
Nader Shah's military expeditions directly led to the conquest of Kokand in the 1740s.
Answer: False
Nader Shah's military expeditions influenced the region but did not directly lead to the conquest of Kokand in the 1740s.
The Jungar Mongols successfully conquered Kokand in 1745 after a prolonged siege.
Answer: False
Although the Jungar Mongols besieged Kokand in 1745, the khanate resolved the conflict through negotiation and tribute, preventing a successful conquest.
Captain Arthur Conolly successfully united the Central Asian khanates against Russian expansion.
Answer: False
Captain Arthur Conolly's mission to unite Central Asian khanates against Russian expansion was unsuccessful.
Yakub Beg established his dominion in the Tarim Basin after receiving direct military support from the Russian Empire.
Answer: False
Yakub Beg established his dominion in the Tarim Basin, but this was not due to direct military support from the Russian Empire; rather, many Kokandian soldiers joined him after the khanate's weakening.
Firearms used by the Khanate of Kokand were primarily of high quality and manufactured locally.
Answer: False
Firearms used by the Khanate of Kokand were generally of poor quality, primarily imported from the Indian subcontinent, and included basic cannons and older muskets.
Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov found Kokand's fortifications along the Chu River to be strong and well-defended in 1860.
Answer: False
In 1860, Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov surveyed Kokand's fortifications along the Chu River and found them to be weak, with small, poorly armed garrisons.
What was a major disadvantage Kokand faced when compared militarily to the Russian Empire?
Answer: Inferior weaponry and technology
A major military disadvantage for Kokand compared to the Russian Empire was its inferior weaponry and technology, including less advanced firearms and artillery.
During the 1745 siege by the Jungar Mongols, how did Kokand ultimately resolve the conflict?
Answer: By paying a large ransom and handing over a hostage.
Kokand resolved the 1745 siege by the Jungar Mongols by paying a substantial ransom and handing over Baba Biy, Shahrukh Biy's grandson, as a hostage.
What was the primary source and quality of firearms used by the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: Imported from the Indian subcontinent, generally poor quality.
Firearms used by the Khanate of Kokand were primarily imported from the Indian subcontinent and were generally of poor quality, consisting of basic cannons and older muskets.
Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov's 1860 survey revealed weaknesses in Kokand's:
Answer: Fortifications and the combat ability of troops.
Mikhail Ivanovich Venyukov's 1860 survey revealed significant weaknesses in Kokand's fortifications and the combat ability of its troops.
What was the significance of the 'Huang Qing Zhigong Tu' dated 1769?
Answer: It was a Chinese depiction including a Muslim couple from the Khanate of Kokand.
The 'Huang Qing Zhigong Tu' dated 1769 is significant as a Chinese depiction that includes a Muslim couple from the Khanate of Kokand, offering a visual representation of the khanate's people.
The Khanate of Kokand experienced a period of stability and peace throughout the mid-19th century.
Answer: False
The mid-19th century was characterized by civil war and external incursions, rather than stability and peace, for the Khanate of Kokand.
Tashkent was captured by Russian troops in 1865, and Khujand was lost shortly thereafter.
Answer: True
Tashkent fell to Russian forces in 1865, followed by the loss of Khujand shortly thereafter, marking significant territorial concessions for the Khanate.
The Khanate of Kokand was annexed by the Russian Empire due to its ruler's cooperative stance towards Russian interests.
Answer: False
The annexation of the Khanate of Kokand by the Russian Empire was provoked by the anti-Russian stance of its last ruler, Nasruddin Khan, not by a cooperative one.
The 'Kokand Autonomy' was a long-lasting state established after the Russian Revolution in 1917.
Answer: False
The 'Kokand Autonomy' was a short-lived state established in 1917-1918, not a long-lasting one.
The final annexation of the Khanate of Kokand by the Russian Empire was directly provoked by:
Answer: The last ruler's anti-Russian stance.
The final annexation of the Khanate of Kokand by the Russian Empire was directly provoked by the anti-Russian stance adopted by its last ruler, Nasruddin Khan.
Persian was the primary language used for administration and literature in the Khanate of Kokand.
Answer: True
Persian served as the official language for the court, administration, literature, and historiography within the Khanate of Kokand.
What was the primary role of Chagatai Turkic in the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: It served as a secondary language, particularly in literature.
Chagatai Turkic served as a secondary language within the Khanate of Kokand, experiencing growth in literature, and was commonly spoken alongside Persian in urban centers.
What was the significance of the *bayaz* in understanding the culture of Central Asia during the khanate's period?
Answer: They were private journals reflecting popular readership and bilingualism.
The *bayaz*, private journals from the 16th to 19th centuries, are significant for reflecting popular readership and the bilingualism prevalent in Central Asia, often containing verses in both Turkic and Persian.