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The Kingdom of Burgundy, also known as the Kingdom of Arles, was formed by merging Upper and Lower Burgundy in 933.
Answer: True
The Kingdom of Burgundy was established in 933 through the unification of Upper and Lower Burgundy, creating a significant realm that would later be known as the Kingdom of Arles.
The Kingdom of Burgundy ceased to exist as an independent entity in 933.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of Burgundy was formed in 933 and maintained its independence until 1032, when it was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire.
The realm was known as the Kingdom of Arles during its entire existence, both before and after 1032.
Answer: False
The realm was primarily known as the Kingdom of Burgundy during its independent existence (933-1032). While it later became known as the Kingdom of Arles, this designation was not used throughout its entire history.
The term 'Second Kingdom of Burgundy' is used to differentiate it from the earlier kingdom established in 411 AD.
Answer: True
The designation 'Second Kingdom of Burgundy' serves to distinguish the realm formed in 933 from the earlier 'First Kingdom of Burgundy,' which existed from 411 to 534 AD.
The division of the Carolingian Empire following the Treaty of Verdun in 843 led to the consolidation of Burgundian lands into a single kingdom.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Verdun in 843 fragmented the Carolingian Empire, leading to the division of Burgundian lands among successor kingdoms, rather than their consolidation into a single entity at that time.
The Treaty of Prüm in 855 divided Middle Francia, assigning Upper Burgundy to Charles the Bald.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Prüm in 855 divided Middle Francia, but Upper Burgundy was assigned to Lothair II, not Charles the Bald.
Boso of Provence established a kingdom in Lower Burgundy and Provence in 879.
Answer: True
In 879, Boso of Provence was proclaimed king, establishing a distinct kingdom encompassing Lower Burgundy and Provence.
Count Rudolph I of the Elder House of Welf founded the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy around 888.
Answer: True
Count Rudolph I of the Elder House of Welf established the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy around 888, marking a significant development in the region's political landscape.
The unification of Upper and Lower Burgundy occurred when Lower Burgundy was ceded to Upper Burgundy in 933.
Answer: True
In 933, Lower Burgundy was ceded to Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, resulting in the unification of both territories into the Kingdom of Burgundy.
The 'First Kingdom of Burgundy' existed from 534 to 933 AD.
Answer: False
The 'First Kingdom of Burgundy' existed from 411 AD to 534 AD, distinct from the later Kingdom of Burgundy (or Arles) established in 933.
The Treaty of Meerssen in 870 resulted in the complete unification of Burgundian lands under one ruler.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Meerssen in 870 partitioned the lands of Lothair II, further dividing the territories that would eventually form the Kingdom of Arles, rather than unifying them.
What event marked the unification of Upper and Lower Burgundy into the Kingdom of Burgundy?
Answer: The cession of Lower Burgundy to Rudolph II in 933
The unification occurred in 933 when Lower Burgundy was ceded to Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, merging the two entities into the Kingdom of Burgundy.
What was the primary reason for the term 'Second Kingdom of Burgundy' being used?
Answer: It distinguished the 933 realm from the earlier kingdom (411-534).
The term 'Second Kingdom of Burgundy' is employed to differentiate the realm established in 933 from the earlier 'First Kingdom of Burgundy' (411-534 AD).
Which treaty significantly fragmented the Carolingian Empire, impacting Burgundian lands?
Answer: Treaty of Verdun (843)
The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided the Carolingian Empire among Lothair I, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald, leading to the fragmentation of previously unified territories, including those that would form the Kingdom of Burgundy.
Who was proclaimed king in 879, establishing a kingdom in Lower Burgundy and Provence?
Answer: Boso of Provence
Boso of Provence was proclaimed king in 879, establishing a distinct kingdom in Lower Burgundy and Provence.
The 'First Kingdom of Burgundy' existed during which period?
Answer: 411 AD to 534 AD
The 'First Kingdom of Burgundy' refers to the earlier kingdom established by the Burgundians, which existed from 411 AD to 534 AD.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Meerssen (870) regarding Burgundian lands?
Answer: It partitioned Lothair II's territory, further dividing Burgundian lands.
The Treaty of Meerssen (870) partitioned the lands of Lothair II, leading to further division of the territories that would later constitute the Kingdom of Arles.
Which event occurred in 843 that impacted the Burgundian lands?
Answer: The division of the Carolingian Empire by the Treaty of Verdun.
The Treaty of Verdun in 843 marked a significant division of the Carolingian Empire, impacting the political landscape and fragmentation of Burgundian lands.
After 1032, the Kingdom of Burgundy was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: True
Upon the death of its last independent king, Rudolph III, in 1032, the Kingdom of Burgundy was inherited by Emperor Conrad II and became one of the constituent realms of the Holy Roman Empire.
Emperor Conrad II inherited the Kingdom of Burgundy upon the death of Rudolph III in 1032.
Answer: True
Upon the death of Rudolph III without heirs in 1032, Emperor Conrad II of the Salian dynasty inherited the Kingdom of Burgundy, integrating it into the Holy Roman Empire.
What succession issue led to the Kingdom of Burgundy becoming part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1032?
Answer: King Rudolph III died without heirs.
The Kingdom of Burgundy became part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1032 because its last independent king, Rudolph III, died without leaving a direct heir.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the status of the Kingdom of Burgundy after 1032?
Answer: It was incorporated as one of the three constituent realms of the Holy Roman Empire.
After 1032, the Kingdom of Burgundy was integrated into the Holy Roman Empire as one of its three constituent realms, alongside the Kingdom of Germany and the Kingdom of Italy.
The Kingdom of Burgundy's territory extended north to the Danube River and south to the Adriatic Sea.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of Burgundy's territory extended from the Mediterranean Sea in the south to the High Rhine in the north, and from the Western Alps in the east to the Rhône basin in the west, not reaching the Danube or Adriatic Seas.
Present-day Switzerland was entirely outside the historical territory of the Kingdom of Burgundy.
Answer: False
The historical territory of the Kingdom of Burgundy included parts of present-day western Switzerland.
Arles was the capital city of the Kingdom of Arles.
Answer: True
The historic city of Arles served as the capital of the Kingdom of Arles, lending its name to the realm.
Which of the following present-day regions was NOT roughly part of the historical Kingdom of Burgundy?
Answer: Bavaria
The historical territory of the Kingdom of Burgundy encompassed regions such as Provence, western Switzerland, and Franche-Comté, but not Bavaria.
Which of the following was NOT a geographical boundary of the Kingdom of Burgundy?
Answer: Pyrenees Mountains (West)
The Kingdom of Burgundy was bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the High Rhine to the north, and the Western Alps to the east. Its western extent was primarily defined by the Rhône basin, not the Pyrenees Mountains.
Imperial rule over the Kingdom of Burgundy became increasingly nominal and weakened significantly by the 14th and 15th centuries.
Answer: True
By the late medieval period, the imperial authority within the Kingdom of Burgundy had largely diminished, becoming nominal as local powers and external influences grew.
Empress Agnes appointed Rudolf of Rheinfelden as governor of Burgundy in 1057.
Answer: True
In 1057, Empress Agnes, acting as regent for her son Emperor Henry IV, appointed Rudolf of Rheinfelden as the imperial governor of Burgundy, demonstrating direct imperial involvement in the kingdom's administration.
The title 'Rector of Burgundy' was consistently held by the House of Zähringen until Emperor Frederick II's reign.
Answer: True
The House of Zähringen held the significant position of 'Rector of Burgundy' for an extended period, until Emperor Frederick II altered the succession of this office.
Louis II of Chalon-Arlay was appointed Imperial Vicar of Burgundy in 1421 to counter the Duke of Burgundy.
Answer: True
In 1421, Emperor Sigismund appointed Louis II of Chalon-Arlay as Imperial Vicar of Burgundy, aiming to bolster imperial authority against the growing influence of the Duke of Burgundy.
The Burgundian Circle was created as part of the imperial reform of the Holy Roman Empire in 1512.
Answer: True
The Burgundian Circle was established in 1512 as part of a broader administrative reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire, aimed at improving governance and defense.
The title 'King of Arles' remained a subsidiary title for Holy Roman Emperors until 1806.
Answer: True
The title 'King of Arles' persisted as a subsidiary title for Holy Roman Emperors throughout the Empire's existence, formally ending only with its dissolution in 1806.
The Archbishop of Cologne traditionally served as the Imperial Archchancellor of Burgundy/Arles.
Answer: False
The Archbishop of Trier, not Cologne, traditionally held the office of Imperial Archchancellor of Burgundy/Arles, as codified by the Golden Bull of 1356.
Feudal fragmentation in the 13th century led to increased centralization of power within the Kingdom of Burgundy.
Answer: False
Feudal fragmentation in the 13th century resulted in the dispersal of power among various lords and rulers, leading to a weakening of centralized authority within the Kingdom of Burgundy.
The title 'Imperial vicar of Burgundy' became extinct by the early 16th century.
Answer: True
The specific title of 'Imperial vicar of Burgundy' ceased to be used by the early 16th century, although the broader imperial connection persisted through other titles.
Emperor Charles IV appointed Amadeus VI of Savoy as imperial vicar over which regions in 1365?
Answer: Central regions from Lausanne to Grenoble
In 1365, Emperor Charles IV appointed Amadeus VI of Savoy as imperial vicar over the central regions of the Kingdom of Arles, extending from Lausanne and Geneva to Lyon and Grenoble.
The Burgundian Circle, established in 1512, was part of what larger administrative structure?
Answer: The Imperial Reform of the Holy Roman Empire
The Burgundian Circle was established in 1512 as part of the Imperial Reform of the Holy Roman Empire, designed to organize territories for administrative and defensive purposes.
Which Archbishopric traditionally held the role of Imperial Archchancellor of Burgundy/Arles?
Answer: Archbishopric of Trier
The Archbishopric of Trier traditionally held the significant office of Imperial Archchancellor of Burgundy/Arles, a role codified by the Golden Bull of 1356.
What characterized the imperial rule over the Kingdom of Burgundy by the 13th century?
Answer: Feudal fragmentation and dispersal of power.
By the 13th century, imperial rule in the Kingdom of Burgundy was characterized by feudal fragmentation, leading to a dispersal of power among local rulers and a weakening of central authority.
Which title, held by Holy Roman Emperors, remained a subsidiary title until the dissolution of the Empire in 1806?
Answer: King of Arles
The title 'King of Arles' persisted as a subsidiary title for Holy Roman Emperors until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, signifying a historical connection to the former kingdom.
What was the purpose of the 'imperial reform' that created the Burgundian Circle in 1512?
Answer: To organize territories for administrative and defensive purposes.
The 'imperial reform' that established the Burgundian Circle in 1512 aimed to organize territories within the Holy Roman Empire for improved administrative and defensive capabilities.
What was the primary characteristic of the Kingdom of Burgundy's imperial rule by the 14th and 15th centuries?
Answer: Largely nominal and weakened.
By the 14th and 15th centuries, the imperial rule over the Kingdom of Burgundy had become largely nominal and significantly weakened due to feudal fragmentation and external pressures.
Which entity was NOT part of the Burgundian Circle established in 1512?
Answer: Duchy of Burgundy
The Burgundian Circle, established in 1512, included the Free County of Burgundy and parts of the Habsburg Netherlands, but not the Duchy of Burgundy, which was a French fief.
Conrad the Peaceful, son of Rudolph II, faced no significant challenges during his reign.
Answer: False
Conrad the Peaceful, who succeeded his father Rudolph II, faced significant challenges, including inheritance claims from Hugh of Italy and invasions by Magyar and Arab forces.
King Rudolph III of Burgundy signed a succession treaty in favor of Henry II in 1006.
Answer: True
Facing the prospect of an heirless reign, King Rudolph III of Burgundy entered into a succession treaty in 1006, designating Henry II, the future Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir.
Rudolph III successfully renounced the succession treaty he signed with Henry II.
Answer: False
Although Rudolph III later attempted to renounce the succession treaty, he was unsuccessful in revoking his commitment to Henry II.
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa was crowned King of Burgundy in Arles in 1178.
Answer: True
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa was one of the few Holy Roman Emperors to be formally crowned King of Burgundy in Arles, an event that took place in 1178.
Emperor Charles IV was crowned King of Burgundy in Arles in 1365.
Answer: True
Emperor Charles IV reaffirmed imperial sovereignty over the Kingdom of Arles by being crowned its king in Arles in 1365.
Louis the Blind succeeded his father Boso of Provence and later became Emperor in 901.
Answer: True
Louis the Blind, son of Boso of Provence, consolidated his father's realm and later achieved the imperial title in 901, illustrating the intertwined political fortunes of these regions.
The Kingdom of Burgundy was ruled by the House of Capet until its incorporation into the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of Burgundy was not ruled by the House of Capet. Its rulers prior to incorporation into the Holy Roman Empire included figures from the Elder House of Welf and the lineage of Boso of Provence.
Which emperor was crowned King of Burgundy in Arles in 1178?
Answer: Frederick Barbarossa
Emperor Frederick Barbarossa was crowned King of Burgundy in Arles in 1178, a notable instance of imperial coronation in the region.
Who was Louis the Blind?
Answer: The son of Boso of Provence who consolidated his father's realm and became emperor.
Louis the Blind was the son of Boso of Provence. He succeeded in consolidating his father's realm and later became Emperor in 901.
Who was Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy's father?
Answer: Rudolph I
Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy was the son of Count Rudolph I, who founded the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy.
What was the significance of Emperor Charles IV's coronation in Arles in 1365?
Answer: It reaffirmed imperial sovereignty over the Arlesian realm after a long interval.
Emperor Charles IV's coronation in Arles in 1365 served to reaffirm imperial sovereignty over the Arlesian realm, occurring after a considerable period without such a ceremony.
Charles I of Anjou acquired the County of Provence in 1246.
Answer: True
In 1246, Charles I of Anjou acquired significant territories within the Kingdom of Arles, including the County of Provence and the County of Forcalquier.
The Kingdom of France first annexed territory within the Kingdom of Arles during the 14th century.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of France began annexing territories within the Kingdom of Arles earlier than the 14th century; for example, the Vivarais region was incorporated during the 13th century.
The Lyonnais region came under French control due to conflicts between the Archbishop and the city council.
Answer: True
Internal conflicts among the Archbishop, the cathedral chapter, and the city council in Lyon facilitated its incorporation into the French royal domain, formalized by treaty in the early 14th century.
Humbert II of Viennois sold his domains to the French royal House of Valois in 1349.
Answer: True
In 1349, Humbert II of Viennois sold his domains, the Dauphiné, to the French royal House of Valois, paving the way for its integration into the French crown lands.
The Duchy of Burgundy was seized by the French king after Charles the Bold's death in 1477.
Answer: True
Following the death of Charles the Bold in 1477, the French king seized the Duchy of Burgundy, a fief of the French crown, integrating it directly into royal territories.
The County of Provence was formally annexed into the Kingdom of France in 1481.
Answer: False
The County of Provence came under effective French control through inheritance by the French royal house in 1481, following the death of the last Valois-Anjou count. This was more of an integration than a formal annexation at that specific moment.
Emperor Charles V successfully incorporated Provence into the Holy Roman Empire after his 1536 invasion.
Answer: False
Emperor Charles V's invasion of Provence in 1536 resulted in temporary territorial gains, but these were relinquished by the Treaty of Nice in 1538, and Provence was not incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire.
By the time of Louis XIV, France had conquered most Imperial states within the former Kingdom of Arles, except for Savoy.
Answer: True
During the reign of Louis XIV, French expansion significantly reduced the Holy Roman Empire's direct influence in the former Kingdom of Arles, with most Imperial territories falling under French control, with Savoy being a notable exception.
The War of the Sicilian Vespers prevented Charles I of Anjou from reclaiming the royal title of Kings of Arles.
Answer: True
The War of the Sicilian Vespers, beginning in 1282, diverted Charles I of Anjou's resources and attention, thereby preventing him from pursuing his ambitions to reclaim the royal title of Kings of Arles.
What significant territories did Charles I of Anjou acquire within the Kingdom of Arles in 1246?
Answer: The County of Provence and the County of Forcalquier
In 1246, Charles I of Anjou acquired the County of Provence and the County of Forcalquier, significantly expanding his influence within the Kingdom of Arles.
How did the Lyonnais region effectively come under French control?
Answer: Through internal conflicts among local authorities, formalized by treaty.
The Lyonnais region came under French control through internal disputes among local authorities, which were subsequently formalized by a treaty with Philip IV of France in the early 14th century.
Who sold his domains in 1349, leading to the effective control of Dauphiné by the French royal House of Valois?
Answer: Humbert II of Viennois
Humbert II of Viennois sold his domains in 1349 to the French royal House of Valois, which led to the effective control of the Dauphiné by the French crown.
By what means did the County of Provence come under effective French control by the end of the 15th century?
Answer: Inheritance by the French royal house after the last Valois-Anjou count's death.
The County of Provence came under effective French control through inheritance by the French royal house in 1481, following the death of the last count of the Valois-Anjou line.
What was the outcome of Emperor Charles V's invasion of Provence in 1536?
Answer: Territorial gains were temporary and lost by the Treaty of Nice.
Emperor Charles V's invasion of Provence in 1536 resulted in temporary territorial gains, but these were ultimately relinquished by the Treaty of Nice in 1538.
What happened to most Imperial states within the former Kingdom of Arles by the time of Louis XIV?
Answer: They were conquered by France, except for Savoy.
By the reign of Louis XIV, France had conquered most Imperial territories within the former Kingdom of Arles, with Savoy being a notable exception that retained its independence.
How did the War of the Sicilian Vespers impact Charles I of Anjou's ambitions regarding the Kingdom of Arles?
Answer: It diverted his resources and prevented his plans to reclaim the royal title of Kings of Arles.
The War of the Sicilian Vespers significantly disrupted Charles I of Anjou's political ambitions, diverting resources and preventing him from pursuing his plans to reclaim the royal title of Kings of Arles.
The Free County of Burgundy was inherited by the House of Habsburg in 1405.
Answer: False
In 1405, the Free County of Burgundy was inherited by John the Fearless of the House of Valois-Burgundy. The House of Habsburg gained control of the county later, in 1493.
The County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) was a distinct political entity from the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arles).
Answer: True
The County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) was an imperial fief, separate from the larger political entity of the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arles), despite sharing a similar name and geographical proximity.
What happened to the County of Burgundy (an imperial fief) after Charles the Bold's death in 1477?
Answer: It passed to the House of Habsburg in 1493.
Following Charles the Bold's death, the County of Burgundy, an imperial fief, was eventually passed to the House of Habsburg in 1493, reaffirming its connection to the Holy Roman Empire.
What was the relationship between the Kingdom of Arles and the County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) in the context of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: The County was a distinct imperial fief within the broader region of the Kingdom.
The County of Burgundy (Franche-Comté) was a separate imperial fief, distinct from the larger Kingdom of Arles, although both were associated with the Holy Roman Empire.