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Total Categories: 8
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia existed for over 750 years, spanning from 331 BC to 428 AD.
Answer: True
The source identifies the timeframe of the Kingdom of Greater Armenia as 331 BC to 428 AD, which constitutes a period of approximately 759 years.
The Arsacid dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Greater Armenia for a longer continuous period than the Artaxiad dynasty.
Answer: True
The Arsacid dynasty governed Armenia from 52 AD to 428 AD (376 years), whereas the Artaxiad dynasty ruled from 189 BC to 12 AD (201 years). Therefore, the Arsacid rule was indeed longer.
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia existed from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD.
Answer: False
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia's existence spanned a much broader period, from 331 BC to 428 AD, encompassing the 1st century BC and extending well into the 1st century AD and beyond.
The Orontid dynasty ruled Armenia for the longest continuous period among the three major dynasties.
Answer: False
While the Orontid dynasty was the first major ruling house (331-200 BC), the Arsacid dynasty ruled for a longer continuous period (52-428 AD) than both the Orontids and the Artaxiads (189 BC-12 AD).
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia, also known as Armenia Major, existed during which historical period?
Answer: Classical Antiquity and the Early Medieval Era
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia, or Armenia Major, spanned from 331 BC to 428 AD, encompassing the classical antiquity period and extending into the early medieval era.
Which of the following was the *last* major royal dynasty to rule the Kingdom of Greater Armenia?
Answer: The Arsacid dynasty
The three major dynasties that ruled Greater Armenia were the Orontids, the Artaxiads, and the Arsacids. The Arsacid dynasty, ruling from 52 AD to 428 AD, was the final royal house before the end of independent statehood.
Armenia's political status evolved from a satrapy within the Achaemenid Empire to a Hellenistic kingdom following Alexander the Great's conquests.
Answer: True
Following the collapse of the Achaemenid Empire and Alexander the Great's subsequent conquests, Armenia transitioned from its status as a satrapy to that of a Hellenistic kingdom under the Orontid dynasty.
Armenia transitioned from a Hellenistic kingdom directly into a satrapy under the Achaemenid Empire.
Answer: False
The historical sequence was reversed: Armenia originated as a satrapy under the Achaemenid Empire and later evolved into a Hellenistic kingdom following Alexander the Great's conquests.
The Orontid dynasty played a crucial role in Armenia's history primarily during which transition?
Answer: The transition from a satrapy to a Hellenistic kingdom following Alexander the Great's conquests.
The Orontid dynasty ascended to power following Alexander the Great's conquests, overseeing Armenia's transformation from an Achaemenid satrapy into an independent Hellenistic kingdom.
Before the emergence of a unified Armenian state, the Armenian Highlands were dominated by which kingdom that competed with Assyria?
Answer: The Kingdom of Urartu
Prior to the establishment of a unified Armenian state, the Armenian Highlands were dominated by the powerful Kingdom of Urartu (Ararat), which engaged in significant geopolitical competition, particularly with the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Artaxias I, founder of the Artaxiad dynasty, campaigned to reunite territories and established Hellenistic Armenian states.
Answer: True
Artaxias I, the progenitor of the Artaxiad dynasty, initiated campaigns to consolidate Armenian territories and establish distinct Hellenistic states, laying the foundation for a resurgent Armenian kingdom.
Artaxias I, founder of the Artaxiad dynasty, was primarily known for establishing Armenia as a Roman client state.
Answer: False
Artaxias I, founder of the Artaxiad dynasty, focused on consolidating Armenian territories and establishing a strong Hellenistic kingdom. Armenia became a Roman client state later, primarily under his successors and following conflicts involving Rome and Parthia.
The Artaxiad dynasty was established in Armenia around 189 BC, following the weakening of which empire?
Answer: The Seleucid Empire
The Artaxiad dynasty rose to prominence around 189 BC, capitalizing on the decline of the Seleucid Empire's influence in the region.
The Arsacid dynasty ruled Armenia from 52 AD to 428 AD. This dynasty originated from which larger empire?
Answer: Parthian Empire
The Arsacid dynasty that ruled Armenia originated from the Parthian Empire. Tiridates I, the founder of the Armenian Arsacid line, was a member of the Parthian royal family.
Armenia became a Roman client kingdom in 66 BC following Pompey's victory over Mithridates VI at the Battle of the Lycus.
Answer: True
The Battle of the Lycus in 66 BC, a decisive Roman victory under Pompey the Great against Mithridates VI of Pontus, solidified Armenia's position as a client kingdom under the sphere of influence of the Roman Republic.
The Treaty of Rhandeia in 63 AD established that Armenian rulers would be from the Parthian Arsacid dynasty but serve as client kings of Rome.
Answer: True
The Treaty of Rhandeia, concluded in 63 AD, resolved Roman-Parthian disputes over Armenia by stipulating that Armenian monarchs would be drawn from the Parthian Arsacid lineage, yet would reign as client kings subordinate to Roman authority.
The Armenian nobility played a role in influencing the kingdom's foreign policy through their support for different major powers like Rome and Parthia.
Answer: True
The Armenian nobility, often divided by factional interests, exerted considerable influence on the kingdom's foreign policy by aligning with or supporting major powers such as Rome and Parthia, thereby shaping Armenia's geopolitical trajectory.
Armenia became a Roman client kingdom in the 1st century AD after conflicts with the Parthian Empire.
Answer: False
Armenia became a Roman client kingdom in 66 BC, following Pompey's campaigns against Mithridates VI, which predates the 1st century AD and involved complex interactions with both Rome and Parthia.
The Treaty of Rhandeia in 63 AD established Armenia as a fully independent kingdom, free from Roman or Parthian control.
Answer: False
The Treaty of Rhandeia in 63 AD established a compromise where Armenian rulers from the Parthian Arsacid dynasty would govern as client kings of Rome, not as a fully independent state.
The Armenian nobility consistently supported a unified policy towards Rome and Parthia throughout the kingdom's history.
Answer: False
The Armenian nobility was frequently divided into factions, supporting different major powers like Rome or Parthia, or advocating for neutrality, rather than consistently adhering to a unified policy.
Armenia's political status evolved significantly over its history. Which sequence best reflects this evolution from its earliest known state?
Answer: Satrapy -> Hellenistic Kingdom -> Roman Client State -> Roman Province
Armenia began as a satrapy within the Achaemenid Empire, transitioned to a Hellenistic kingdom after Alexander's conquests, later became a Roman client state, and experienced periods as a direct Roman province.
During which emperor's reign did Armenia temporarily become a direct Roman province?
Answer: Trajan
Armenia was temporarily incorporated as a direct Roman province during the reign of Emperor Trajan, specifically from 114 to 118 AD, representing a period of direct imperial administration.
The Treaty of Rhandeia (63 AD) concerning Armenia primarily established what arrangement?
Answer: Parthian Arsacid rulers would govern Armenia as client kings of Rome.
The Treaty of Rhandeia in 63 AD resolved Roman-Parthian tensions by decreeing that Armenian rulers would be selected from the Parthian Arsacid dynasty but would rule as client kings under Roman suzerainty.
The Legio I Armeniaca was a Roman legion primarily formed for what purpose?
Answer: To protect Armenia within the Roman Empire.
The Legio I Armeniaca was a Roman legion established during the late Roman Empire, likely intended for the defense and garrisoning of the province of Armenia and its surrounding territories.
What significant role did the Armenian nobility play in the kingdom's political landscape?
Answer: They often influenced foreign policy and stability through factional support of Rome, Parthia, or neutrality.
The Armenian nobility frequently acted as a significant political force, influencing foreign policy and internal stability through their allegiances to major powers like Rome and Parthia, or by advocating for neutrality.
Before the Armenian alphabet, Aramaic and Greek scripts were used, and the creation of the Armenian alphabet in AD 405 was crucial for Bible translations and Armenian literature.
Answer: True
Prior to the formalization of the Armenian alphabet in AD 405 by Mesrop Mashtots, Aramaic and Greek scripts served as the primary means of written communication. The development of a unique Armenian script was instrumental in facilitating the translation of the Bible and fostering a distinct national literature.
Pre-Christian Armenia was significantly influenced by Zoroastrianism, which began to decline with the spread of Christianity in the early 4th century.
Answer: True
Zoroastrianism exerted considerable influence on pre-Christian Armenian religious and cultural practices. This influence gradually waned with the official adoption of Christianity as the state religion in the early 4th century AD.
Armenia officially adopted Christianity as its state religion around 301 AD, making it the first nation in history to do so.
Answer: True
The official adoption of Christianity as the state religion in Armenia, traditionally dated to approximately 301 AD under King Tiridates III, marks a significant historical milestone as it predates the Roman Empire's official embrace of the faith.
The creation of the Armenian alphabet was primarily intended to replace the use of Aramaic script in administrative documents.
Answer: False
While Aramaic script was in use, the primary impetus for creating the Armenian alphabet was to facilitate the translation of the Bible and foster a distinct Armenian literary and religious tradition, not solely for administrative purposes.
Pre-Christian Armenia was primarily influenced by Greek mythology and deities until the adoption of Christianity.
Answer: False
While Hellenistic influences were present, pre-Christian Armenia was significantly shaped by Zoroastrianism and its own indigenous pantheon, which included deities like Aramazd and Anahit, before the widespread adoption of Christianity.
Armenia officially adopted Christianity as its state religion in the late 4th century AD, after the Roman Empire.
Answer: False
Armenia officially adopted Christianity as its state religion around 301 AD, making it the first nation to do so, predating the Roman Empire's official adoption.
What was the primary significance of the creation of the Armenian alphabet in AD 405?
Answer: To enable Bible translations and foster a distinct Armenian literary tradition.
The creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia in AD 405 was primarily intended to facilitate the translation of the Bible into Armenian and to cultivate a unique national literature, thereby strengthening Christian identity.
Which religion significantly influenced Armenia prior to the widespread adoption of Christianity?
Answer: Zoroastrianism
Prior to the official adoption of Christianity in the early 4th century AD, Zoroastrianism exerted a profound influence on the religious and cultural landscape of Armenia.
Who are credited with the creation of the Armenian alphabet in AD 405?
Answer: Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia
The creation of the Armenian alphabet in AD 405 is attributed to the collaborative efforts of Mesrop Mashtots, a linguist and theologian, and Isaac of Armenia (Sahak Partev), the Catholicos of the Armenian Church.
Armenia holds the distinction of being the first state in history to officially adopt which religion?
Answer: Christianity
Armenia is historically recognized as the first nation to officially adopt Christianity as its state religion, a pivotal event traditionally dated to approximately 301 AD.
What writing systems were commonly used in Armenia *before* the creation of the Armenian alphabet?
Answer: Aramaic and Greek
Prior to the development of the Armenian alphabet around AD 405, written communication in Armenia primarily utilized Aramaic and Greek scripts.
Which of the following was a prominent deity in the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, often associated with fertility?
Answer: Anahit
Anahit was a principal goddess in the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, revered as a mother goddess associated with fertility, wisdom, and healing.
What was the primary motivation behind the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia?
Answer: To translate the Bible and foster Armenian literature.
The principal motivation for the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia was to enable the translation of the Bible into the vernacular Armenian language, thereby promoting Christian literacy and a distinct national literary tradition.
Who was the key figure instrumental in Armenia's adoption of Christianity as its state religion around 301 AD?
Answer: Gregory the Illuminator
Gregory the Illuminator was the pivotal religious figure who evangelized Armenia and persuaded King Tiridates III to adopt Christianity as the state religion, a landmark event in Armenian history.
In the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, who was the chief god, often compared to Ahura Mazda?
Answer: Aramazd
Aramazd was the supreme deity in the pre-Christian Armenian pantheon, analogous to the Zoroastrian Ahura Mazda, and was considered the father of the gods.
Which 5th-century historian is credited with preserving much of the pre-Christian Armenian literature, including pagan songs and myths?
Answer: Movses Khorenatsi
Movses Khorenatsi, a distinguished 5th-century historian, is critically important for his preservation of pre-Christian Armenian literature. His seminal work, 'History of Armenia,' includes valuable accounts of ancient pagan songs, myths, and traditions.
The Armenian army under Tigranes the Great was noted for its significant numbers, including substantial infantry and cavalry forces.
Answer: True
Historical accounts suggest that the Armenian military under Tigranes the Great was formidable, comprising considerable infantry contingents alongside a significant and well-equipped cavalry force, indicative of its military prowess during his reign.
The Armenian army under Tigranes the Great primarily consisted of a small, elite force of 12,000 cavalrymen.
Answer: False
While the Armenian army under Tigranes the Great included a significant cavalry force (estimated at 12,000), it also comprised substantial infantry, and total army sizes are often reported much higher, suggesting it was not solely a small cavalry force.
What was the term for the Armenian cavalry, noted for their horses and armor, which played a crucial role in the kingdom's military strength?
Answer: Ayrudzi
The elite Armenian cavalry, renowned for their horsemanship and equipment, was known by the term Ayrudzi, signifying their importance in the kingdom's military structure.
At its peak, the Armenian Empire under Tigranes the Great incorporated territories extending as far south as:
Answer: Judea and Lebanon
During the reign of Tigranes the Great, the Armenian Empire reached its greatest territorial extent, incorporating regions as far south as Judea and Lebanon, and extending its influence across the Near East.
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia utilized multiple capitals throughout its history, including Armavir, Artaxata, and Dvin.
Answer: True
The historical capitals of Greater Armenia included Armavir, Artaxata, Tigranocerta, Vagharshapat, and Dvin, reflecting the kingdom's dynastic changes and strategic needs over centuries.
The Armenian name for Greater Armenia was Mets Hayk, and its Latin name was Armenia Maior.
Answer: True
The Armenian designation for the kingdom was Mets Hayk, translating to 'Greater Armenia,' while its counterpart in Latin was Armenia Maior, both terms serving to distinguish the primary Armenian polity.
Tigranocerta was the first capital of Greater Armenia, founded by the Orontid dynasty.
Answer: False
Tigranocerta was founded by Tigranes the Great of the Artaxiad dynasty. The earliest capitals, such as Armavir and Yervandashat, were established during the Orontid period.
The Armenian name for Greater Armenia was Armenia Maior, while its Latin name was Mets Hayk.
Answer: False
The Armenian name for Greater Armenia was Mets Hayk, and its Latin equivalent was Armenia Maior. The statement reverses these designations.
Which city served as a capital of Greater Armenia for the longest duration according to the provided dates?
Answer: Vagharshapat (120–330 AD)
While several cities served as capitals, Vagharshapat (also known as Armavir or Ejmiatsin) was a capital for a significant period, from 120 AD to 330 AD, making it one of the longest-serving capitals.
Artaxata, a significant capital of Greater Armenia, was strategically located at the confluence of which rivers?
Answer: Araxes and Metsamor
Artaxata, founded by Artaxias I, was strategically situated at the confluence of the Araxes (Aras) and Metsamor rivers, a location that facilitated both defense and trade.
Which capital city was founded by Tigranes the Great during the zenith of Armenia's power?
Answer: Tigranocerta
Tigranocerta was established by Tigranes the Great as the capital of his expanding empire during the peak of Armenia's power in the 1st century BC.
Which city served as a primary capital of Greater Armenia during the later period, from 336 to 428 AD?
Answer: Dvin
Dvin served as a significant capital of the Kingdom of Greater Armenia during the later period, specifically from 336 AD until the end of independent statehood in 428 AD.
According to apocryphal accounts, which Carthaginian general is said to have supervised the construction of Artaxata?
Answer: Hannibal
Ancient sources, including Strabo and Plutarch, recount an apocryphal tradition suggesting that the Carthaginian general Hannibal, while seeking refuge in Armenia, may have advised or supervised the construction of Artaxata, leveraging his renowned military and engineering expertise.