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Lantana Camara: Biology, Ecology, and Management

At a Glance

Title: Lantana Camara: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Total Categories: 6

Category Stats

  • Taxonomy, Origin, and Distribution: 17 flashcards, 16 questions
  • Morphology and Reproduction: 8 flashcards, 10 questions
  • Ecological Impacts: 8 flashcards, 6 questions
  • Toxicity and Medicinal Properties: 5 flashcards, 7 questions
  • Management and Control: 4 flashcards, 4 questions
  • Cultivation and Interactions: 5 flashcards, 7 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 47
  • True/False Questions: 25
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 25
  • Total Questions: 50

Instructions

Click the button to expand the instructions for how to use the Wiki2Web Teacher studio in order to print, edit, and export data about Lantana Camara: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Welcome to Your Curriculum Command Center

This guide will turn you into a Wiki2web Studio power user. Let's unlock the features designed to give you back your weekends.

The Core Concept: What is a "Kit"?

Think of a Kit as your all-in-one digital lesson plan. It's a single, portable file that contains every piece of content for a topic: your subject categories, a central image, all your flashcards, and all your questions. The true power of the Studio is speed—once a kit is made (or you import one), you are just minutes away from printing an entire set of coursework.

Getting Started is Simple:

  • Create New Kit: Start with a clean slate. Perfect for a brand-new lesson idea.
  • Import & Edit Existing Kit: Load a .json kit file from your computer to continue your work or to modify a kit created by a colleague.
  • Restore Session: The Studio automatically saves your progress in your browser. If you get interrupted, you can restore your unsaved work with one click.

Step 1: Laying the Foundation (The Authoring Tools)

This is where you build the core knowledge of your Kit. Use the left-side navigation panel to switch between these powerful authoring modules.

⚙️ Kit Manager: Your Kit's Identity

This is the high-level control panel for your project.

  • Kit Name: Give your Kit a clear title. This will appear on all your printed materials.
  • Master Image: Upload a custom cover image for your Kit. This is essential for giving your content a professional visual identity, and it's used as the main graphic when you export your Kit as an interactive game.
  • Topics: Create the structure for your lesson. Add topics like "Chapter 1," "Vocabulary," or "Key Formulas." All flashcards and questions will be organized under these topics.

🃏 Flashcard Author: Building the Knowledge Blocks

Flashcards are the fundamental concepts of your Kit. Create them here to define terms, list facts, or pose simple questions.

  • Click "➕ Add New Flashcard" to open the editor.
  • Fill in the term/question and the definition/answer.
  • Assign the flashcard to one of your pre-defined topics.
  • To edit or remove a flashcard, simply use the ✏️ (Edit) or ❌ (Delete) icons next to any entry in the list.

✍️ Question Author: Assessing Understanding

Create a bank of questions to test knowledge. These questions are the engine for your worksheets and exams.

  • Click "➕ Add New Question".
  • Choose a Type: True/False for quick checks or Multiple Choice for more complex assessments.
  • To edit an existing question, click the ✏️ icon. You can change the question text, options, correct answer, and explanation at any time.
  • The Explanation field is a powerful tool: the text you enter here will automatically appear on the teacher's answer key and on the Smart Study Guide, providing instant feedback.

🔗 Intelligent Mapper: The Smart Connection

This is the secret sauce of the Studio. The Mapper transforms your content from a simple list into an interconnected web of knowledge, automating the creation of amazing study guides.

  • Step 1: Select a question from the list on the left.
  • Step 2: In the right panel, click on every flashcard that contains a concept required to answer that question. They will turn green, indicating a successful link.
  • The Payoff: When you generate a Smart Study Guide, these linked flashcards will automatically appear under each question as "Related Concepts."

Step 2: The Magic (The Generator Suite)

You've built your content. Now, with a few clicks, turn it into a full suite of professional, ready-to-use materials. What used to take hours of formatting and copying-and-pasting can now be done in seconds.

🎓 Smart Study Guide Maker

Instantly create the ultimate review document. It combines your questions, the correct answers, your detailed explanations, and all the "Related Concepts" you linked in the Mapper into one cohesive, printable guide.

📝 Worksheet & 📄 Exam Builder

Generate unique assessments every time. The questions and multiple-choice options are randomized automatically. Simply select your topics, choose how many questions you need, and generate:

  • A Student Version, clean and ready for quizzing.
  • A Teacher Version, complete with a detailed answer key and the explanations you wrote.

🖨️ Flashcard Printer

Forget wrestling with table layouts in a word processor. Select a topic, choose a cards-per-page layout, and instantly generate perfectly formatted, print-ready flashcard sheets.

Step 3: Saving and Collaborating

  • 💾 Export & Save Kit: This is your primary save function. It downloads the entire Kit (content, images, and all) to your computer as a single .json file. Use this to create permanent backups and share your work with others.
  • ➕ Import & Merge Kit: Combine your work. You can merge a colleague's Kit into your own or combine two of your lessons into a larger review Kit.

You're now ready to reclaim your time.

You're not just a teacher; you're a curriculum designer, and this is your Studio.

This page is an interactive visualization based on the Wikipedia article "Lantana camara" (opens in new tab) and its cited references.

Text content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (opens in new tab). Additional terms may apply.

Disclaimer: This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute any kind of advice. The information is not a substitute for consulting official sources or records or seeking advice from qualified professionals.


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Study Guide: Lantana Camara: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Study Guide: Lantana Camara: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Taxonomy, Origin, and Distribution

*Lantana camara* is native to Europe and was subsequently introduced to the American tropics.

Answer: False

The source indicates that *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics, not Europe, and was introduced to various regions worldwide.

Related Concepts:

  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • From where did *Lantana camara* spread to other continents?: *Lantana camara* spread from its native range in the American tropics. It was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers and subsequently spread to Asia and Oceania, among other regions.
  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.

*Lantana camara* is classified as 'Vulnerable' by NatureServe.

Answer: False

According to NatureServe, *Lantana camara* is classified as 'Secure', not 'Vulnerable'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservation status of *Lantana camara* according to NatureServe?: According to NatureServe, *Lantana camara* is classified as 'Secure'.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, due to similarities in their floral structures.

Answer: True

The genus name *Lantana* originates from the Latin designation for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, owing to the resemblance between their respective flowers.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the origin of the genus name *Lantana*?: The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, because the flowers of *Lantana* closely resemble those of *Viburnum lantana*.
  • What is the scientific name and family of the plant commonly known as common lantana?: The plant commonly known as common lantana has the scientific name *Lantana camara*. It belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
  • What is the historical context of *Lantana camara*'s introduction to Europe?: *Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe from the New World by Dutch explorers centuries ago, where it was initially cultivated as an ornamental plant before spreading globally.

*Lantana camara* is highly tolerant of drought but susceptible to damage from salty conditions.

Answer: False

*Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to drought, heat, humidity, and salt, which contributes to its invasive success in diverse environments.

Related Concepts:

  • What environmental conditions can *Lantana camara* tolerate?: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to a wide range of climatic conditions, including drought, various soil types, heat, humidity, and salt. It is also relatively tolerant to fire.
  • How does *Lantana camara*'s tolerance to environmental conditions contribute to its invasiveness?: *Lantana camara*'s ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, including drought, varied soil types, heat, humidity, and salt, allows it to establish and thrive in diverse environments where other plants might struggle, facilitating its spread as an invasive species.
  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.

The species name *camara* originates from a Latin term meaning 'chamber' or 'room'.

Answer: False

The species name *camara* is derived from an indigenous Brazilian name used for this plant and related species, not from a Latin term for 'chamber' or 'room'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the etymological origin of the species name 'camara'?: The species name *camara* is derived from an indigenous Brazilian name used for this plant and several other related species.

In Sri Lanka, *Lantana camara* escaped cultivation from the National Botanical Gardens in Colombo in 1926.

Answer: False

The escape from cultivation in Sri Lanka occurred from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya in 1926, not from Colombo.

Related Concepts:

  • How did *Lantana camara* become established in Sri Lanka?: *Lantana camara* became a significant weed in Sri Lanka after it escaped cultivation from the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya in 1926.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • From where did *Lantana camara* spread to other continents?: *Lantana camara* spread from its native range in the American tropics. It was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers and subsequently spread to Asia and Oceania, among other regions.

*Lantana camara* is listed among the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

Answer: True

The source confirms that *Lantana camara* is recognized on the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species' due to its significant ecological and economic impacts.

Related Concepts:

  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • How does *Lantana camara*'s tolerance to environmental conditions contribute to its invasiveness?: *Lantana camara*'s ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, including drought, varied soil types, heat, humidity, and salt, allows it to establish and thrive in diverse environments where other plants might struggle, facilitating its spread as an invasive species.

A national-level monitoring in India in 2023 found that *Lantana camara* had invaded approximately 10% of the country's natural areas.

Answer: False

A 2023 national monitoring report indicated that *Lantana camara* had invaded approximately 50% of India's natural areas, not 10%.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the documented impact of *Lantana camara* invasion on natural areas in India?: A national-level monitoring in India in 2023 found that *Lantana camara* has invaded approximately 50% of the country's natural areas, highlighting its significant impact on the Indian ecosystem.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.

To which scientific family does *Lantana camara* belong?

Answer: Verbenaceae

*Lantana camara* is classified within the Verbenaceae family.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the scientific classification of *Lantana camara* from Kingdom to Species?: The scientific classification of *Lantana camara* is: Kingdom: Plantae; Clade: Tracheophytes; Clade: Angiosperms; Clade: Eudicots; Clade: Asterids; Order: Lamiales; Family: Verbenaceae; Genus: *Lantana*; Species: *Lantana camara*.
  • What is the scientific name and family of the plant commonly known as common lantana?: The plant commonly known as common lantana has the scientific name *Lantana camara*. It belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.

*Lantana camara* is native to which region?

Answer: The American tropics

*Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics.

Related Concepts:

  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • From where did *Lantana camara* spread to other continents?: *Lantana camara* spread from its native range in the American tropics. It was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers and subsequently spread to Asia and Oceania, among other regions.
  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.

What is the conservation status of *Lantana camara* according to NatureServe?

Answer: Secure

NatureServe classifies *Lantana camara* as 'Secure'.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the conservation status of *Lantana camara* according to NatureServe?: According to NatureServe, *Lantana camara* is classified as 'Secure'.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for which other plant?

Answer: Wayfaring tree (*Viburnum lantana*)

The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, due to similarities in their flowers.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the origin of the genus name *Lantana*?: The genus name *Lantana* is derived from the Latin name for the wayfaring tree, *Viburnum lantana*, because the flowers of *Lantana* closely resemble those of *Viburnum lantana*.
  • What is the scientific name and family of the plant commonly known as common lantana?: The plant commonly known as common lantana has the scientific name *Lantana camara*. It belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
  • What are some of the common names for *Lantana camara* in different regions?: *Lantana camara* is known by various common names globally, including 'Florida Flower' in some areas, Cariaquillo in Puerto Rico, Visepo in Zambia, Spanish flag, big-sage in Malaysia, Putush in West Bengal, Kongini in Kerala, Ghaneri in Maharashtra, wild-sage, red-sage, white-sage in the Caribbean, korsu wiri or korsoe wiwiri in Suriname, mūkigī in Kenya, tickberry in South Africa, Kashi Kothan in the Maldives, West Indian lantana, umbelanterna, Gu Phool in Assam, Thirei in Manipur, and Banfada in Nepal.

*Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe by which group of explorers?

Answer: Dutch explorers

*Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers.

Related Concepts:

  • From where did *Lantana camara* spread to other continents?: *Lantana camara* spread from its native range in the American tropics. It was introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers and subsequently spread to Asia and Oceania, among other regions.
  • What is the historical context of *Lantana camara*'s introduction to Europe?: *Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe from the New World by Dutch explorers centuries ago, where it was initially cultivated as an ornamental plant before spreading globally.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.

Which of the following ecosystems is NOT typically inhabited by *Lantana camara* according to the source?

Answer: Deep ocean trenches

*Lantana camara* is highly adaptable to various terrestrial ecosystems but is not found in deep ocean trenches.

Related Concepts:

  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • What environmental conditions can *Lantana camara* tolerate?: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to a wide range of climatic conditions, including drought, various soil types, heat, humidity, and salt. It is also relatively tolerant to fire.

What environmental condition can *Lantana camara* tolerate, which aids its invasive success?

Answer: Drought, heat, and salt

*Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to drought, heat, and salt, enabling its establishment in diverse and challenging environments.

Related Concepts:

  • How does *Lantana camara*'s tolerance to environmental conditions contribute to its invasiveness?: *Lantana camara*'s ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, including drought, varied soil types, heat, humidity, and salt, allows it to establish and thrive in diverse environments where other plants might struggle, facilitating its spread as an invasive species.
  • What are the primary factors that have enabled *Lantana camara* to become a successful invasive species?: The primary factors contributing to *Lantana camara*'s invasive success include wide dispersal by animals, resistance to grazing due to toxicity, tolerance to various environmental conditions, preference for disturbed habitats, historical hybridization leading to adaptability, production of allelopathic chemicals, and high seed production.
  • What environmental conditions can *Lantana camara* tolerate?: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to a wide range of climatic conditions, including drought, various soil types, heat, humidity, and salt. It is also relatively tolerant to fire.

How does *Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats contribute to its invasive spread?

Answer: Disturbed habitats provide less competition from native plants.

*Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats allows it to establish more readily due to reduced competition from native plant species.

Related Concepts:

  • How does *Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats contribute to its spread?: *Lantana camara* thrives in disturbed habitats, such as areas cleared for agriculture, logged forests, or sites affected by wildfires. The increase in such disturbances globally provides more opportunities for the plant to establish and proliferate.
  • How does *Lantana camara*'s tolerance to environmental conditions contribute to its invasiveness?: *Lantana camara*'s ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, including drought, varied soil types, heat, humidity, and salt, allows it to establish and thrive in diverse environments where other plants might struggle, facilitating its spread as an invasive species.
  • What are the primary factors that have enabled *Lantana camara* to become a successful invasive species?: The primary factors contributing to *Lantana camara*'s invasive success include wide dispersal by animals, resistance to grazing due to toxicity, tolerance to various environmental conditions, preference for disturbed habitats, historical hybridization leading to adaptability, production of allelopathic chemicals, and high seed production.

Morphology and Reproduction

The flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color from red to yellow after pollination.

Answer: False

Following pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically transition from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red, serving as a signal to pollinators.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the flower color of *Lantana camara* change, and what is the purpose of this change?: After pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color, often from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red. This color transformation is thought to serve as a signal to pollinators, indicating that the flower offers a reward and is reproductively viable, thus improving pollination efficiency.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.
  • What are the five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* found in Australia?: The five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* in Australia are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.

The leaves of *Lantana camara*, when crushed, emit a pleasant, mild fragrance.

Answer: False

Crushed leaves of *Lantana camara* are known to emit a strong, distinctive odor, rather than a pleasant, mild fragrance.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the leaves of *Lantana camara*.: The leaves of *Lantana camara* are broadly ovate, arranged oppositely on the stem, and are simple. When crushed, they emit a strong, distinctive odor.
  • What is the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers described as?: The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

*Lantana camara* reproduces exclusively through seeds.

Answer: False

*Lantana camara* reproduces through both seeds and vegetative propagation, contributing to its widespread distribution.

Related Concepts:

  • How does *Lantana camara* reproduce?: *Lantana camara* reproduces through both seeds and vegetative means. A single plant can produce up to 12,000 fruits annually, contributing to its widespread propagation.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a hint of mint.

Answer: False

The scent of *Lantana camara* flowers is described as 'tutti frutti' with a peppery undertone, not a hint of mint.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers described as?: The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.
  • Describe the leaves of *Lantana camara*.: The leaves of *Lantana camara* are broadly ovate, arranged oppositely on the stem, and are simple. When crushed, they emit a strong, distinctive odor.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

*Lantana camara* can grow up to 6 meters tall by scrambling up trees under favorable conditions.

Answer: True

Under optimal conditions, *Lantana camara* can exhibit a scandent growth habit, climbing up trees and reaching heights of up to 6 meters.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the general physical characteristics of *Lantana camara*?: *Lantana camara* is a perennial shrub that can grow in an erect, sprawling, or scandent manner. It typically reaches about 2 meters (6.5 feet) in height but can scramble up trees to a height of 6 meters (20 feet) under favorable conditions.
  • What is the typical height *Lantana camara* can reach when forming dense thickets?: *Lantana camara* typically grows to about 2 meters (6.5 feet) tall, but when it forms dense thickets, especially in disturbed areas or along forest edges, it can reach heights of up to 6 meters (20 feet) by scrambling up trees.
  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.

Which of the following best describes the typical growth habit of *Lantana camara*?

Answer: A perennial shrub that can be erect, sprawling, or scandent

*Lantana camara* is characterized as a perennial shrub that can grow in erect, sprawling, or scandent forms.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the general physical characteristics of *Lantana camara*?: *Lantana camara* is a perennial shrub that can grow in an erect, sprawling, or scandent manner. It typically reaches about 2 meters (6.5 feet) in height but can scramble up trees to a height of 6 meters (20 feet) under favorable conditions.
  • What is the typical height *Lantana camara* can reach when forming dense thickets?: *Lantana camara* typically grows to about 2 meters (6.5 feet) tall, but when it forms dense thickets, especially in disturbed areas or along forest edges, it can reach heights of up to 6 meters (20 feet) by scrambling up trees.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

What characteristic scent is associated with crushed leaves of *Lantana camara*?

Answer: Strong, distinctive odor

Crushed leaves of *Lantana camara* emit a strong, distinctive odor.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the leaves of *Lantana camara*.: The leaves of *Lantana camara* are broadly ovate, arranged oppositely on the stem, and are simple. When crushed, they emit a strong, distinctive odor.
  • What is the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers described as?: The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

How do the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color after pollination?

Answer: From yellow to orange, pink, or red

After pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* commonly change from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red.

Related Concepts:

  • How does the flower color of *Lantana camara* change, and what is the purpose of this change?: After pollination, the flowers of *Lantana camara* typically change color, often from yellow to shades of orange, pink, or red. This color transformation is thought to serve as a signal to pollinators, indicating that the flower offers a reward and is reproductively viable, thus improving pollination efficiency.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.
  • What are the five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* found in Australia?: The five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* in Australia are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.

What is the description of the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers?

Answer: Tutti frutti with a peppery undertone

The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the scent of *Lantana camara* flowers described as?: The flowers of *Lantana camara* are described as having a 'tutti frutti' scent with a peppery undertone.
  • Describe the leaves of *Lantana camara*.: The leaves of *Lantana camara* are broadly ovate, arranged oppositely on the stem, and are simple. When crushed, they emit a strong, distinctive odor.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

How many fruits can a single *Lantana camara* plant produce annually, contributing to its propagation?

Answer: Up to 12,000

A single *Lantana camara* plant is capable of producing up to 12,000 fruits annually, significantly aiding its propagation.

Related Concepts:

  • How does *Lantana camara* reproduce?: *Lantana camara* reproduces through both seeds and vegetative means. A single plant can produce up to 12,000 fruits annually, contributing to its widespread propagation.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.
  • What are the general physical characteristics of *Lantana camara*?: *Lantana camara* is a perennial shrub that can grow in an erect, sprawling, or scandent manner. It typically reaches about 2 meters (6.5 feet) in height but can scramble up trees to a height of 6 meters (20 feet) under favorable conditions.

Ecological Impacts

Dense thickets of *Lantana camara* can suppress the growth of native plant species, thereby increasing biodiversity.

Answer: False

Dense thickets of *Lantana camara* suppress the growth of native plant species, leading to a reduction in biodiversity, not an increase.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the impact of *Lantana camara* on native vegetation structure?: *Lantana camara* can significantly alter native vegetation structure by forming dense thickets that suppress the growth and regeneration of native plant species, thereby reducing overall biodiversity.
  • How does *Lantana camara* impact biodiversity?: *Lantana camara* can outcompete native plant species, leading to a reduction in biodiversity. It forms dense thickets that can suppress the growth of other plants, including essential pasture grasses and crops.
  • How does *Lantana camara* affect forest regeneration?: The dense thickets formed by *Lantana camara* can significantly hinder forest regeneration by preventing the growth of new trees, thereby slowing down the natural recovery processes of forest ecosystems.

*Lantana camara* is primarily found in aquatic ecosystems such as swamps and marshes.

Answer: False

*Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and typically inhabits terrestrial ecosystems like forest margins, grasslands, and beach fronts, rather than primarily aquatic environments.

Related Concepts:

  • In what types of ecosystems can *Lantana camara* be found?: *Lantana camara* is highly adaptable and can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems. It is commonly found in agricultural areas, forest margins and gaps, riparian zones, grasslands, secondary forests, and beach fronts.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • What environmental conditions can *Lantana camara* tolerate?: *Lantana camara* demonstrates tolerance to a wide range of climatic conditions, including drought, various soil types, heat, humidity, and salt. It is also relatively tolerant to fire.

*Lantana camara* can alter fire patterns by reducing the overall fuel load in ecosystems.

Answer: False

*Lantana camara* can alter fire patterns by increasing the fuel load due to its dense growth, potentially leading to more intense fires.

Related Concepts:

  • What impact can *Lantana camara* have on fire patterns in ecosystems?: *Lantana camara* can alter fire patterns by increasing the fuel load due to its dense growth, potentially leading to more intense fires that may spread into forest canopies, causing greater destruction, particularly in dry, arid regions.
  • What is the role of *Lantana camara* in altering fuel loads in ecosystems?: *Lantana camara* can change fire patterns by altering fuel loads. Its dense growth can lead to a buildup of flammable material, increasing the risk and intensity of fires, especially in dry environments.
  • How does *Lantana camara*'s preference for disturbed habitats contribute to its spread?: *Lantana camara* thrives in disturbed habitats, such as areas cleared for agriculture, logged forests, or sites affected by wildfires. The increase in such disturbances globally provides more opportunities for the plant to establish and proliferate.

The allelopathic effects of *Lantana camara* involve releasing chemicals that promote the growth of neighboring plants.

Answer: False

The allelopathic effects of *Lantana camara* involve the release of chemicals that inhibit the germination and growth of surrounding plants, conferring a competitive advantage.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the allelopathic effects of *Lantana camara*?: *Lantana camara* excretes allelopathic chemicals that can inhibit the germination and root elongation of surrounding plants, giving it a competitive advantage in its environment.
  • What is the significance of *Lantana camara*'s toxicity in its invasive success?: *Lantana camara*'s toxicity to herbivores makes it less likely to be eaten by animals. This reduced predation pressure allows the plant to establish and spread more effectively, contributing to its success as an invasive species.
  • What are the primary factors that have enabled *Lantana camara* to become a successful invasive species?: The primary factors contributing to *Lantana camara*'s invasive success include wide dispersal by animals, resistance to grazing due to toxicity, tolerance to various environmental conditions, preference for disturbed habitats, historical hybridization leading to adaptability, production of allelopathic chemicals, and high seed production.

How does *Lantana camara* primarily impact biodiversity in invaded ecosystems?

Answer: By outcompeting native species and forming dense thickets

*Lantana camara* primarily impacts biodiversity by outcompeting native plant species and forming dense thickets that limit the growth of other vegetation.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the impact of *Lantana camara* on native vegetation structure?: *Lantana camara* can significantly alter native vegetation structure by forming dense thickets that suppress the growth and regeneration of native plant species, thereby reducing overall biodiversity.
  • How does *Lantana camara* impact biodiversity?: *Lantana camara* can outcompete native plant species, leading to a reduction in biodiversity. It forms dense thickets that can suppress the growth of other plants, including essential pasture grasses and crops.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

What is a significant ecological impact of *Lantana camara* thickets in Africa?

Answer: They provide shelter for disease vectors like mosquitoes.

In Africa, *Lantana camara* thickets provide shelter for disease vectors such as mosquitoes, which transmit malaria.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the potential impacts of *Lantana camara* on native fauna?: While *Lantana camara* is known to attract pollinators like butterflies and birds, its dense thickets can also provide shelter for disease vectors such as mosquitoes and tsetse flies. Its invasive nature can also indirectly impact fauna by reducing the availability of native food sources and habitats.
  • What are the secondary ecological impacts of *Lantana camara* infestations?: In Africa, secondary impacts of *Lantana camara* infestations include providing shelter for disease vectors such as mosquitoes that transmit malaria and tsetse flies, which are known carriers of trypanosomiasis.
  • What is the impact of *Lantana camara* on native vegetation structure?: *Lantana camara* can significantly alter native vegetation structure by forming dense thickets that suppress the growth and regeneration of native plant species, thereby reducing overall biodiversity.

Toxicity and Medicinal Properties

The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are edible and commonly consumed by humans.

Answer: False

The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are inedible and can cause serious digestive tract damage; only the ripe fruits are sometimes considered edible.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the reported effects of *Lantana camara* ingestion on humans?: The toxicity of *Lantana camara* to humans is not definitively established, but some sources suggest that ingesting unripe fruits can be toxic. Other reports indicate that consuming the flowers, fruits, and leaves may cause vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulties, and liver failure, and contact with the leaves can cause dermatitis. Some studies, however, suggest ripe berries are edible.
  • What is the appearance and nature of *Lantana camara* fruit?: The fruit of *Lantana camara* is a berry-like drupe that matures from green to a dark purple color. The unripe green fruits are inedible and can cause serious damage to the digestive tract due to hard spikes on their rind.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

*Lantana camara* is toxic to livestock, causing liver damage and photosensitivity due to compounds known as Lantadenes.

Answer: True

The plant contains pentacyclic triterpenoids called Lantadenes, which are responsible for the toxicity observed in livestock, manifesting as liver damage and photosensitivity.

Related Concepts:

  • What is known about the toxicity of *Lantana camara* to livestock?: *Lantana camara* is toxic to various livestock, including cattle, sheep, horses, dogs, and goats. The toxicity stems from pentacyclic triterpenoids called Lantadenes, which can cause liver damage and photosensitivity in grazing animals.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

*Lantana camara* has been identified as possessing insecticidal properties and is utilized in traditional medicine for treating conditions such as ulcers.

Answer: True

Research indicates that *Lantana camara* exhibits insecticidal properties, and it has been employed in traditional medicine for various ailments, including the treatment of ulcers.

Related Concepts:

  • For which medicinal purposes has *Lantana camara* been traditionally used?: In traditional herbal medicine, *Lantana camara* has been used to treat a range of conditions, including cancer, skin itches, leprosy, chickenpox, measles, asthma, and ulcers. Extracts have also shown potential in reducing gastric ulcer development in rats.
  • What medicinal properties have been identified in *Lantana camara* leaves?: Studies have indicated that *Lantana camara* leaves possess antimicrobial, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties. They have also been utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

What danger is associated with the unripe fruits of *Lantana camara*?

Answer: They are inedible and can cause serious digestive tract damage.

The unripe fruits of *Lantana camara* are inedible and contain hard spikes that can cause serious damage to the digestive tract.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the appearance and nature of *Lantana camara* fruit?: The fruit of *Lantana camara* is a berry-like drupe that matures from green to a dark purple color. The unripe green fruits are inedible and can cause serious damage to the digestive tract due to hard spikes on their rind.
  • What are the reported effects of *Lantana camara* ingestion on humans?: The toxicity of *Lantana camara* to humans is not definitively established, but some sources suggest that ingesting unripe fruits can be toxic. Other reports indicate that consuming the flowers, fruits, and leaves may cause vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulties, and liver failure, and contact with the leaves can cause dermatitis. Some studies, however, suggest ripe berries are edible.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

What agricultural problem is caused by the toxicity of *Lantana camara*?

Answer: It is toxic to livestock, causing liver damage.

The toxicity of *Lantana camara* to livestock, leading to liver damage, is a significant agricultural problem.

Related Concepts:

  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.
  • What is known about the toxicity of *Lantana camara* to livestock?: *Lantana camara* is toxic to various livestock, including cattle, sheep, horses, dogs, and goats. The toxicity stems from pentacyclic triterpenoids called Lantadenes, which can cause liver damage and photosensitivity in grazing animals.

Which of the following is a factor contributing to *Lantana camara*'s success as an invasive species?

Answer: Its resistance to grazing due to toxicity

Its resistance to grazing, a consequence of its toxicity, is a key factor contributing to *Lantana camara*'s success as an invasive species.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the primary factors that have enabled *Lantana camara* to become a successful invasive species?: The primary factors contributing to *Lantana camara*'s invasive success include wide dispersal by animals, resistance to grazing due to toxicity, tolerance to various environmental conditions, preference for disturbed habitats, historical hybridization leading to adaptability, production of allelopathic chemicals, and high seed production.
  • How does *Lantana camara*'s tolerance to environmental conditions contribute to its invasiveness?: *Lantana camara*'s ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, including drought, varied soil types, heat, humidity, and salt, allows it to establish and thrive in diverse environments where other plants might struggle, facilitating its spread as an invasive species.
  • What is the significance of *Lantana camara*'s toxicity in its invasive success?: *Lantana camara*'s toxicity to herbivores makes it less likely to be eaten by animals. This reduced predation pressure allows the plant to establish and spread more effectively, contributing to its success as an invasive species.

What medicinal property has been identified in *Lantana camara* leaves?

Answer: Antimicrobial

*Lantana camara* leaves have demonstrated antimicrobial properties.

Related Concepts:

  • What medicinal properties have been identified in *Lantana camara* leaves?: Studies have indicated that *Lantana camara* leaves possess antimicrobial, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties. They have also been utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments.
  • For which medicinal purposes has *Lantana camara* been traditionally used?: In traditional herbal medicine, *Lantana camara* has been used to treat a range of conditions, including cancer, skin itches, leprosy, chickenpox, measles, asthma, and ulcers. Extracts have also shown potential in reducing gastric ulcer development in rats.
  • Why is *Lantana camara* considered a problematic invasive species?: *Lantana camara* is considered a problematic invasive species because it can outcompete native plants, reduce biodiversity, form dense thickets, and is toxic to livestock. It is listed in the IUCN's 'List of the world's 100 worst invasive species'.

Management and Control

Biological control programs utilizing insect agents have achieved widespread success in controlling *Lantana camara* globally.

Answer: False

Despite efforts, biological control programs for *Lantana camara* have not been largely successful, likely due to the plant's extensive hybridization and genetic diversity.

Related Concepts:

  • Have biological control programs been successful in controlling *Lantana camara*?: Despite the implementation of numerous biocontrol agents across various regions, biological control programs for *Lantana camara* have not been largely successful. This is likely due to the plant's extensive hybrid forms and high genetic diversity, which make it difficult for control agents to target effectively.
  • What are the different approaches to managing and controlling *Lantana camara*?: Management and control strategies for *Lantana camara* include biological control using insects or other agents, mechanical methods like physical removal or fire treatment, and chemical control using herbicides. Long-term management also involves reducing activities that create degraded habitats.
  • What are the challenges associated with chemical control of *Lantana camara*?: Chemical control using herbicides is effective but expensive, which limits its application in many poorer countries where *Lantana camara* is prevalent. While mowing followed by herbicide application is effective, it may have significant environmental consequences.

Mechanical control of *Lantana camara* involves the use of herbicides and is generally inexpensive.

Answer: False

Mechanical control typically refers to physical removal or fire treatment, which can be labor-intensive. Herbicides are used in chemical control, and their application can be expensive, limiting their use in many regions.

Related Concepts:

  • Describe the mechanical methods used for *Lantana camara* control.: Mechanical control involves physically removing *Lantana camara* plants by digging out their roots, which can be effective but is labor-intensive and costly. It is typically most suitable for small infestations or early stages. Fire treatment followed by revegetation with native species is another mechanical approach.
  • What are the challenges associated with chemical control of *Lantana camara*?: Chemical control using herbicides is effective but expensive, which limits its application in many poorer countries where *Lantana camara* is prevalent. While mowing followed by herbicide application is effective, it may have significant environmental consequences.
  • What are the different approaches to managing and controlling *Lantana camara*?: Management and control strategies for *Lantana camara* include biological control using insects or other agents, mechanical methods like physical removal or fire treatment, and chemical control using herbicides. Long-term management also involves reducing activities that create degraded habitats.

Which control method for *Lantana camara* has been hampered by the plant's extensive hybrid forms and genetic diversity?

Answer: Biological control

Biological control methods have been hampered in their effectiveness due to the extensive hybrid forms and high genetic diversity of *Lantana camara*.

Related Concepts:

  • Have biological control programs been successful in controlling *Lantana camara*?: Despite the implementation of numerous biocontrol agents across various regions, biological control programs for *Lantana camara* have not been largely successful. This is likely due to the plant's extensive hybrid forms and high genetic diversity, which make it difficult for control agents to target effectively.
  • What are the different approaches to managing and controlling *Lantana camara*?: Management and control strategies for *Lantana camara* include biological control using insects or other agents, mechanical methods like physical removal or fire treatment, and chemical control using herbicides. Long-term management also involves reducing activities that create degraded habitats.
  • What are the challenges associated with chemical control of *Lantana camara*?: Chemical control using herbicides is effective but expensive, which limits its application in many poorer countries where *Lantana camara* is prevalent. While mowing followed by herbicide application is effective, it may have significant environmental consequences.

What is a major challenge associated with the chemical control of *Lantana camara*?

Answer: The cost of herbicides limits their application in many regions.

A major challenge in the chemical control of *Lantana camara* is the high cost of herbicides, which restricts their application in many regions.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the challenges associated with chemical control of *Lantana camara*?: Chemical control using herbicides is effective but expensive, which limits its application in many poorer countries where *Lantana camara* is prevalent. While mowing followed by herbicide application is effective, it may have significant environmental consequences.
  • Have biological control programs been successful in controlling *Lantana camara*?: Despite the implementation of numerous biocontrol agents across various regions, biological control programs for *Lantana camara* have not been largely successful. This is likely due to the plant's extensive hybrid forms and high genetic diversity, which make it difficult for control agents to target effectively.
  • What are the different approaches to managing and controlling *Lantana camara*?: Management and control strategies for *Lantana camara* include biological control using insects or other agents, mechanical methods like physical removal or fire treatment, and chemical control using herbicides. Long-term management also involves reducing activities that create degraded habitats.

Cultivation and Interactions

In Australia, one of the major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* is designated as 'Red'.

Answer: True

The source confirms that 'Red' is indeed one of the five major flower color varieties identified for *Lantana camara* in Australia.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* found in Australia?: The five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* in Australia are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.
  • What is the scientific name and family of the plant commonly known as common lantana?: The plant commonly known as common lantana has the scientific name *Lantana camara*. It belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.

The common name 'Spanish flag' for *Lantana camara* refers to its predominantly green foliage.

Answer: False

The common name 'Spanish flag' is associated with *Lantana camara* due to the vibrant, multi-colored appearance of its flowers, not its foliage.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the significance of the common name 'Spanish flag' for *Lantana camara*?: The common name 'Spanish flag' is one of many names used for *Lantana camara*, particularly in the Caribbean, likely referring to the vibrant, multi-colored appearance of its flowers which can resemble the colors of a flag.
  • What are some of the common names for *Lantana camara* in different regions?: *Lantana camara* is known by various common names globally, including 'Florida Flower' in some areas, Cariaquillo in Puerto Rico, Visepo in Zambia, Spanish flag, big-sage in Malaysia, Putush in West Bengal, Kongini in Kerala, Ghaneri in Maharashtra, wild-sage, red-sage, white-sage in the Caribbean, korsu wiri or korsoe wiwiri in Suriname, mūkigī in Kenya, tickberry in South Africa, Kashi Kothan in the Maldives, West Indian lantana, umbelanterna, Gu Phool in Assam, Thirei in Manipur, and Banfada in Nepal.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.

*Lantana camara* is known to attract butterflies and birds, contributing to its popularity as an ornamental plant.

Answer: True

The plant's ability to attract pollinators like butterflies and birds is a key reason for its widespread cultivation as an ornamental species.

Related Concepts:

  • Why has *Lantana camara* become a popular ornamental plant?: *Lantana camara* is popular as an ornamental plant due to its ability to withstand drought for extended periods and its relative resistance to pests and diseases. It also attracts butterflies and birds, making it suitable for butterfly gardens.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.
  • How is *Lantana camara* cultivated as an ornamental in cooler climates?: In regions with cooler climates, *Lantana camara* is often cultivated indoors or in conservatories. It can also thrive in gardens if provided with adequate shelter.

Which of the following is NOT listed as a major flower color variety of *Lantana camara* in Australia?

Answer: Yellow

While *Lantana camara* exhibits many colors, 'Yellow' is not listed among the five major varieties identified in Australia; the listed varieties are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.

Related Concepts:

  • What are the five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* found in Australia?: The five major flower color varieties of *Lantana camara* in Australia are Pink, White, Pink-edged Red, Red, and Orange.
  • What are the characteristics of *Lantana camara* flowers?: *Lantana camara* produces small, tubular-shaped flowers, each with four petals, arranged in clusters at the ends of stems. The flowers come in various colors, including red, yellow, white, pink, and orange, with their color often changing as they mature or after pollination.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.

Which of the following is a common name for *Lantana camara* mentioned in the source?

Answer: Tickberry

Among the common names listed for *Lantana camara*, 'Tickberry' is included.

Related Concepts:

  • What are some of the common names for *Lantana camara* in different regions?: *Lantana camara* is known by various common names globally, including 'Florida Flower' in some areas, Cariaquillo in Puerto Rico, Visepo in Zambia, Spanish flag, big-sage in Malaysia, Putush in West Bengal, Kongini in Kerala, Ghaneri in Maharashtra, wild-sage, red-sage, white-sage in the Caribbean, korsu wiri or korsoe wiwiri in Suriname, mūkigī in Kenya, tickberry in South Africa, Kashi Kothan in the Maldives, West Indian lantana, umbelanterna, Gu Phool in Assam, Thirei in Manipur, and Banfada in Nepal.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • What is the scientific name and family of the plant commonly known as common lantana?: The plant commonly known as common lantana has the scientific name *Lantana camara*. It belongs to the Verbenaceae family.

Why is *Lantana camara* popular as an ornamental plant?

Answer: It is highly resistant to pests and diseases and tolerates drought.

*Lantana camara* is popular as an ornamental plant due to its high resistance to pests and diseases and its tolerance to drought conditions.

Related Concepts:

  • Why has *Lantana camara* become a popular ornamental plant?: *Lantana camara* is popular as an ornamental plant due to its ability to withstand drought for extended periods and its relative resistance to pests and diseases. It also attracts butterflies and birds, making it suitable for butterfly gardens.
  • Where is *Lantana camara* native to, and how has its distribution changed?: *Lantana camara* is native to the American tropics. It has since spread from its native range to approximately 50 countries worldwide, becoming an invasive species in many of these new locations.
  • What is the historical context of *Lantana camara*'s introduction to Europe?: *Lantana camara* was introduced to Europe from the New World by Dutch explorers centuries ago, where it was initially cultivated as an ornamental plant before spreading globally.

What role does *Lantana camara* play for the jumping spider *Evarcha culicivora*?

Answer: It is used for courtship and nectar consumption.

The jumping spider *Evarcha culicivora* utilizes *Lantana camara* plants for courtship rituals and nectar consumption.

Related Concepts:

  • What role does *Lantana camara* play as a host plant for insects?: *Lantana camara* serves as a host plant for various insects, particularly butterflies that feed on its nectar. For example, the large Homerus Swallowtail butterfly opportunistically feeds on its flowers. Additionally, the jumping spider *Evarcha culicivora* uses these plants for courtship and consumes their nectar.

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