Export your learner materials as an interactive game, a webpage, or FAQ style cheatsheet.
Unsaved Work Found!
It looks like you have unsaved work from a previous session. Would you like to restore it?
Total Categories: 6
Lazar Paču's family originated from the north of Serbia, migrating southwards into the Austrian Empire.
Answer: False
The provided information indicates that Lazar Paču's family migrated from the south into the Austrian Empire, not originating from the north of Serbia.
Lazar Paču completed his medical studies in Berlin, Germany, after initially commencing them in Zurich, Switzerland.
Answer: True
Lazar Paču's academic path included beginning his medical education in Zurich and subsequently completing it in Berlin.
During his studies in Zurich, Lazar Paču associated with figures such as Nikola Tesla and Mihajlo Pupin.
Answer: False
While studying in Zurich, Lazar Paču associated with Serbian intellectuals like Svetozar Marković and Nikola Pašić, not Nikola Tesla and Mihajlo Pupin.
Lazar Paču possessed extensive formal education in banking and economics from prestigious European universities.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču's expertise in finance and economics was largely self-acquired through diligent study, rather than formal university degrees in those specific fields.
After the Congress of Berlin, Serbia's primary financial challenge was managing its burgeoning industrial sector.
Answer: False
Following the Congress of Berlin, Serbia's principal financial challenges involved funding its nascent statehood and managing war-related debts, rather than an industrial sector.
Lazar Paču's background as a doctor is explicitly stated as the direct reason for his success in economic management.
Answer: False
While his medical background may have informed his methodical approach, the source does not explicitly attribute his success in economic management directly to his medical profession.
Provide a concise identification of Lazar Paču.
Answer: A prominent Serbian physician and statesman, notably serving multiple terms as Minister of Finance.
Lazar Paču was a significant figure in Serbian history, recognized primarily for his dual career as a physician and a statesman, most notably his extensive service as Minister of Finance.
Ascertain Lazar Paču's ethnic heritage.
Answer: Aromanian
Lazar Paču's lineage traces back to the Aromanian people.
In which cities did Lazar Paču pursue his medical studies?
Answer: Zurich and Berlin
Lazar Paču commenced his medical education in Zurich, Switzerland, and subsequently completed his studies in Berlin, Germany.
Which influential Serbian intellectuals did Lazar Paču meet during his studies in Zurich?
Answer: Svetozar Marković and Nikola Pašić
During his academic tenure in Zurich, Lazar Paču engaged with prominent Serbian intellectuals including Svetozar Marković and Nikola Pašić.
What was Lazar Paču's background in finance and economics, according to the source?
Answer: He was largely self-taught, aided by early interest in economic literature.
Lazar Paču's proficiency in finance and economics stemmed primarily from extensive self-study, supplemented by an early intellectual curiosity in economic principles.
What was a major financial challenge Serbia faced after the Congress of Berlin (1878)?
Answer: Financing its newly independent state and managing war debts.
Post-Congress of Berlin, Serbia's primary financial burdens included funding its nascent statehood and managing war-related debts, rather than an industrial sector.
Lazar Paču's primary public recognition stemmed from his military leadership during the Balkan Wars.
Answer: False
The available information indicates that Lazar Paču's significant contributions were primarily in the realms of medicine and finance, rather than military leadership. His political career and role as Minister of Finance are more prominently documented.
Lazar Paču co-founded the newspaper 'Straza' (Guardian) with Pero Todorović in Novi Sad in 1878.
Answer: True
Historical records confirm that Lazar Paču, in collaboration with Pero Todorović, established the newspaper 'Straza' in Novi Sad in 1878.
The Austrian authorities immediately supported and promoted the newspaper 'Straza' founded by Paču.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, the Austrian authorities suppressed 'Straza,' leading to its closure and Paču's expulsion from the city.
Lazar Paču became a member of the People's Radical Party in 1881 and contributed to its newspaper, 'Samouprava.'
Answer: True
Lazar Paču joined the People's Radical Party in 1881, the year of its founding, and actively contributed to its publication, 'Samouprava.'
Lazar Paču was appointed head of state monopolies in 1889 and served until 1898, successfully rehabilitating the institution.
Answer: True
During the Radical Party's initial period in power, Lazar Paču was entrusted with the leadership of state monopolies from 1889 to 1898, during which he significantly improved the institution's performance.
Lazar Paču, Nikola Pašić, and Stojan Protić formed a triumvirate leading the Radical Party, with Paču being the most radical among them.
Answer: False
While Lazar Paču was part of the Radical Party's leadership triumvirate, he was characterized as being less radical than others, known more for his honesty and integrity.
Serbia's financial policy became closely aligned with Austro-Hungary in 1881 following the signing of the Secret Convention.
Answer: True
The Secret Convention of 1881 marked a period of increased alignment between Serbia's financial policies and those of Austro-Hungary.
Lazar Paču's main priority upon the arrival of the Karadjordjevic dynasty was to expand military conscription.
Answer: False
Upon the ascension of the Karadjordjevic dynasty, Lazar Paču's primary objective was the stabilization and improvement of Serbia's finances, often referred to as 'healing the sick finances.'
After the May Coup, Lazar Paču's reforms focused on increasing state bureaucracy and reducing parliamentary oversight.
Answer: False
Following the May Coup, Lazar Paču's reforms aimed at establishing parliamentary oversight of the budget and improving fiscal management, rather than reducing oversight.
What was the fate of the newspaper 'Straza' founded by Lazar Paču and Pero Todorović?
Answer: It was quickly shut down by Austrian authorities, and Paču was expelled.
The newspaper 'Straza,' co-founded by Paču, faced swift suppression by Austrian authorities, leading to its closure and Paču's expulsion from the city.
When did Lazar Paču become involved with the People's Radical Party?
Answer: Shortly after opening his doctor's office in Belgrade in 1881.
Lazar Paču became involved with the People's Radical Party shortly after establishing his medical practice in Belgrade, participating in its founding in 1881.
What significant role did Lazar Paču hold when the Radical Party first gained power in 1889?
Answer: Head of State Monopolies
When the Radical Party first assumed power in 1889, Lazar Paču was appointed to the significant position of Head of State Monopolies.
Within the Radical Party's leadership triumvirate (Pašić, Protić, Paču), how was Lazar Paču characterized?
Answer: As a respected figure known for honesty and integrity, though less radical.
Lazar Paču was recognized within the Radical Party's leadership for his honesty and integrity, distinguishing him as a respected figure who was less politically radical compared to some of his peers.
The alignment of Serbia's financial policy with Austro-Hungary in 1881 was partly influenced by:
Answer: The signing of the Secret Convention.
The signing of the Secret Convention in 1881 was a significant factor contributing to the alignment of Serbia's financial policies with those of Austro-Hungary.
What was Lazar Paču's primary objective upon the ascension of the Karadjordjevic dynasty?
Answer: To stabilize and improve Serbia's finances ('healing the sick finances').
Upon the Karadjordjevic dynasty's rise to power, Lazar Paču prioritized the critical task of stabilizing and rectifying Serbia's financial situation, a goal often termed 'healing the sick finances.'
Lazar Paču, born in 1855 and deceased in 1915, played a pivotal role in the economic management of Serbia during the crucial period preceding World War I.
Answer: True
Indeed, Lazar Paču's lifespan (1855-1915) aligns with his substantial involvement in shaping Serbia's economic policies and administration in the years leading up to the First World War.
Following his tenure as head of state monopolies, Lazar Paču focused on stabilizing the national currency as the leader of the Belgrade Cooperative Society.
Answer: True
After managing state monopolies, Lazar Paču assumed leadership of the Belgrade Cooperative Society with the explicit objective of stabilizing Serbia's national currency.
Lazar Paču was first appointed Minister of Finance by Nikola Pašić following the May Coup in 1903.
Answer: True
Nikola Pašić appointed Lazar Paču as Minister of Finance subsequent to the May Coup of 1903, initiating Paču's decade-long tenure in that crucial role.
Upon becoming Minister of Finance, Lazar Paču inherited a stable economic situation with readily available loans.
Answer: False
Conversely, upon assuming the role of Minister of Finance, Lazar Paču encountered a precarious economic climate characterized by significant difficulties in securing loans.
Lazar Paču restored confidence in Serbia's finances primarily by increasing the national debt.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču restored confidence through the implementation of strict monetary measures, financial discipline, and effective negotiation, rather than by increasing the national debt.
By 1909, Lazar Paču had successfully balanced the state budget, which amounted to approximately 103 million golden dinars.
Answer: True
Fiscal discipline under Lazar Paču's administration culminated in the balancing of the state budget by 1909, with its total value reaching approximately 103 million golden dinars.
By 1895, Serbia's external debt exceeded 355 million dinars, leading to the negotiation of the 'Carlsbad Protocol' to manage the public debt.
Answer: True
Serbia's substantial external debt by 1895, exceeding 355 million dinars, necessitated the negotiation of the 'Carlsbad Protocol' to restructure and manage the public debt.
In its first year, Lazar Paču's Ministry of Finance reported a budget surplus of over 6.3 million dinars.
Answer: True
The initial year of Lazar Paču's ministry saw a notable achievement in fiscal management, with the reporting of a budget surplus exceeding 6.3 million dinars.
Paču implemented significant tax cuts in 1904, averaging 40%, to reorganize Serbian finances.
Answer: True
In 1904, Lazar Paču enacted substantial tax reductions, averaging approximately 40%, as part of a broader strategy to reorganize and improve Serbia's financial structure.
To address seasonal budget shortfalls, Paču allowed the state to borrow up to 10 million dinars annually from foreign banks.
Answer: False
To mitigate seasonal budget revenue shortfalls, Lazar Paču authorized the state to borrow up to 10 million dinars annually, but specifically from national banks, not foreign ones.
Lazar Paču significantly increased customs revenues and excise taxes on monopolized products like tobacco and petroleum.
Answer: True
Lazar Paču's fiscal policies included substantial increases in customs revenues and excise taxes, particularly on monopolized goods such as tobacco and petroleum, thereby boosting state income.
Nikola Pašić appointed Lazar Paču as Minister of Finance before the May Coup in 1903.
Answer: False
Nikola Pašić appointed Lazar Paču as Minister of Finance subsequent to the May Coup of 1903, not prior to it.
The 'Carlsbad Protocol' placed key state revenues under foreign creditor control to manage Serbia's substantial public debt.
Answer: True
The 'Carlsbad Protocol' was indeed instrumental in managing Serbia's considerable public debt by placing control of key state revenues under foreign creditors.
In 1904, Paču's ministry abolished taxes altogether to stimulate the economy.
Answer: False
In 1904, Paču's ministry implemented significant tax cuts, but it did not abolish taxes entirely; rather, it reorganized the fiscal structure.
The Independent Monopoly Administration's revenues were not significantly impacted by Paču's policies.
Answer: False
The Independent Monopoly Administration's revenues were positively impacted by Paču's policies, as evidenced by increased earnings from key products like tobacco and petroleum.
What was Lazar Paču's primary objective after leading the Belgrade Cooperative Society?
Answer: To stabilize the national currency, the dinar.
Following his leadership of the Belgrade Cooperative Society, Lazar Paču's principal aim was the stabilization of Serbia's national currency, the dinar.
Who appointed Lazar Paču as Minister of Finance for the first time, and when?
Answer: Nikola Pašić, after the May Coup in 1903.
Nikola Pašić appointed Lazar Paču to the position of Minister of Finance for the first time in the period immediately following the May Coup of 1903.
Which of the following best describes the economic situation Serbia faced when Lazar Paču first became Minister of Finance?
Answer: Significant economic difficulties, struggling to secure loans.
Upon Lazar Paču's initial appointment as Minister of Finance, Serbia was confronting considerable economic challenges, including substantial difficulties in obtaining necessary loans.
How did Lazar Paču primarily restore confidence in Serbia's finances?
Answer: By implementing strict monetary measures and financial discipline.
Lazar Paču restored confidence in Serbia's financial standing primarily through the rigorous implementation of monetary measures and disciplined fiscal management.
What significant financial milestone did Lazar Paču achieve by 1909?
Answer: The state budget was successfully balanced, amounting to 103 million golden dinars.
By 1909, Lazar Paču had successfully balanced Serbia's state budget, a significant fiscal achievement valued at approximately 103 million golden dinars.
In its first year, Lazar Paču's Ministry of Finance achieved what notable result regarding the budget?
Answer: A budget surplus of over 6.3 million dinars.
During its inaugural year, Lazar Paču's Ministry of Finance reported a commendable budget surplus exceeding 6.3 million dinars.
How did Paču address the issue of seasonal budget revenue shortfalls?
Answer: By allowing the state to borrow annually from national banks.
To counteract seasonal budget revenue shortfalls, Lazar Paču instituted a policy permitting the state to borrow up to 10 million dinars annually from national banks.
Lazar Paču's financial policies significantly improved Serbia's economic preparedness for World War I by enabling access to necessary loans.
Answer: True
The prudent financial management and consistent debt repayment policies enacted by Lazar Paču were instrumental in enhancing Serbia's economic capacity to secure loans for military expenditures during World War I.
Lazar Paču's financial management led to the Serbian dinar becoming devalued significantly against the French franc.
Answer: False
On the contrary, Lazar Paču's policies resulted in the Serbian dinar becoming convertible and, at times, achieving a value superior to the French franc.
New coins featuring images of Karađorđe and King Peter were introduced under Lazar Paču's ministry.
Answer: True
During Lazar Paču's tenure, new denominations of Serbian currency were minted, including five dinar coins bearing the effigies of national hero Karađorđe and King Peter.
The Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia was established in 1884 as a private entity solely owned by domestic shareholders.
Answer: False
The Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia, established in 1884, was structured as a joint-stock company, with initial capital provided by domestic private shareholders, but not solely owned by them.
Before World War I, Serbia's foreign trade was predominantly with Russia, with minimal reliance on the Habsburg monarchy.
Answer: False
Prior to World War I, Serbia's foreign trade was overwhelmingly dominated by the Habsburg monarchy, not Russia, with a significant reliance on its markets for both exports and imports.
Paču's fiscal policies led to a decrease in the circulation of gold-backed bills in Serbia.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču's fiscal policies resulted in an unprecedented increase in the circulation of gold-backed bills in Serbia, indicating enhanced monetary stability.
The Serbian Railways were a minor concern during Paču's time as Finance Minister, contributing little to state revenue.
Answer: False
The Serbian Railways were a significant state asset and revenue source during Lazar Paču's tenure, playing a role in national development and financial stability.
Lazar Paču's consistent policy of repaying debts, even to adversaries, was key to Serbia securing loans for World War I military spending.
Answer: True
Serbia's demonstrated reliability in debt repayment, a policy championed by Lazar Paču, was crucial for its ability to secure international loans necessary for financing military efforts during World War I.
The term 'agrarian pendant' suggests that Serbian capitalism was heavily reliant on agriculture and underdeveloped before World War I.
Answer: True
The descriptor 'agrarian pendant' accurately reflects the state of Serbian capitalism prior to World War I, characterized by a pronounced dependence on agriculture and a lack of industrial development.
Lazar Paču's policies led to the Serbian dinar becoming convertible and, at times, surpassing the value of the French franc.
Answer: True
Lazar Paču's fiscal management resulted in the Serbian dinar achieving convertibility and, at times, demonstrating a value exceeding that of the French franc.
What was a key consequence of Lazar Paču's prudent financial policies regarding World War I?
Answer: Serbia was better economically prepared and could secure loans for military spending.
Lazar Paču's sound financial policies significantly enhanced Serbia's economic preparedness for World War I, facilitating access to crucial loans for military endeavors.
How did Lazar Paču's policies affect the value of the Serbian currency?
Answer: It became convertible and reportedly surpassed the value of the French franc at one point.
Lazar Paču's fiscal policies led to the Serbian dinar achieving convertibility and, at times, demonstrating a value exceeding that of the French franc.
Which Serbian historical figures were featured on the new five dinar coins introduced under Paču's ministry?
Answer: Karađorđe and King Peter
The new five dinar coins introduced during Lazar Paču's ministry featured the likenesses of Karađorđe and King Peter.
What was the nature of the Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia established in 1884?
Answer: A joint-stock company with initial capital from domestic private shareholders.
Established in 1884, the Privileged National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbia operated as a joint-stock company, initially capitalized by domestic private shareholders.
Before World War I, Serbia's foreign trade was overwhelmingly dominated by which entity?
Answer: The Habsburg Monarchy (Austria-Hungary)
Prior to World War I, the Habsburg Monarchy (Austria-Hungary) exerted overwhelming dominance over Serbia's foreign trade, accounting for the vast majority of its exports and imports.
What impact did Paču's policies have on the circulation of money in Serbia?
Answer: It resulted in an unprecedented increase in the circulation of gold-backed bills.
Lazar Paču's fiscal and monetary policies fostered an unprecedented expansion in the circulation of gold-backed bills within Serbia.
The Pig War (1906-1908) was a conflict initiated by Serbia against Austria-Hungary over trade routes.
Answer: False
The Pig War was primarily a trade dispute concerning Serbian cattle exports, and while it involved Austria-Hungary, it was not initiated by Serbia over general trade routes.
During the Pig War, Lazar Paču successfully secured new markets for Serbian goods in countries like Germany and Egypt.
Answer: True
Lazar Paču's diplomatic efforts during the Pig War led to the successful establishment of new export markets for Serbian products in nations such as Germany and Egypt.
The Pig War negatively impacted Serbian securities, causing their market price to decline significantly.
Answer: False
Paradoxically, the Pig War led to an increase in the market price of Serbian securities, reflecting underlying economic resilience and strategic market diversification.
Lazar Paču was the last Serbian official to receive the Austrian protest note following the Sarajevo assassination.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču was the first Serbian official to receive the Austrian protest note following the Sarajevo assassination, initiating the diplomatic crisis.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 25, 1914, after receiving Serbia's full acceptance of its ultimatum.
Answer: False
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, following Serbia's response to the ultimatum, which did not fully meet all demands.
The 'Pig War' (1906-1908) was a trade dispute primarily involving:
Answer: Austria-Hungary and Serbia over Serbian cattle exports.
The 'Pig War' constituted a significant trade dispute primarily between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, centered on the export of Serbian cattle.
How did Lazar Paču help mitigate the effects of the Pig War on Serbia's economy?
Answer: By seeking and securing new markets for Serbian goods abroad.
Lazar Paču played a crucial role in mitigating the economic repercussions of the Pig War by actively pursuing and establishing new international markets for Serbian commodities.
What positive financial outcome occurred for Serbia's securities during the Pig War?
Answer: Their market price saw a constant increase.
Despite the trade dispute, Serbian securities experienced a sustained increase in their market price during the Pig War period.
Lazar Paču was the first Serbian official to receive which critical diplomatic document in the summer of 1914?
Answer: The Austro-Hungarian protest note following the Sarajevo assassination.
In the summer of 1914, Lazar Paču was the initial Serbian official to receive the critical Austro-Hungarian protest note subsequent to the Sarajevo assassination.
Lazar Paču died in Belgrade in 1915 after a brief illness.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču passed away in Vrnjci in October 1915 following complications from surgery, not in Belgrade.
An anecdote illustrates Lazar Paču's integrity when he refused King Peter's request for an advance on his salary, advising him to seek a commercial bank loan instead.
Answer: True
This anecdote highlights Lazar Paču's commitment to fiscal prudence and integrity, as he declined the King's personal request for funds, suggesting a commercial loan instead.
Lazar Paču was initially buried in Belgrade before his remains were later transferred to Vrnjci.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču's initial burial took place in Vrnjci, with his remains later being transferred to the New Cemetery in Belgrade.
Lazar Paču died at the age of approximately 50 years old.
Answer: False
Lazar Paču was approximately 60 years old at the time of his death in 1915.