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Initially, Roman Britain was administered as a senatorial province, requiring governors to have prior senatorial rank.
Answer: False
Roman Britain was initially administered as a consular province, requiring governors to have held the rank of consul, which is a specific senatorial office, rather than merely general senatorial rank.
Aulus Plautius served as the first recorded governor of Roman Britain during the reign of Emperor Nero.
Answer: False
Aulus Plautius is identified as the first recorded governor of Roman Britain, serving during the reign of Emperor Claudius, not Nero.
The governors listed under the 'Claudian governors' heading served approximately between 43 AD and 69 AD.
Answer: True
The period associated with 'Claudian governors' in Roman Britain spans approximately from the invasion in 43 AD to 69 AD.
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus governed Roman Britain from 63 to 69 AD.
Answer: False
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus served as governor of Roman Britain from 58 to 62 AD, not 63 to 69 AD.
Who is identified as the first recorded governor of Roman Britain, and during whose reign did he serve?
Answer: Aulus Plautius, during the reign of Emperor Claudius
Aulus Plautius is recognized as the first recorded governor of Roman Britain, serving under Emperor Claudius.
Which governor served from 58 to 62 AD, a period associated with the early Roman conquest?
Answer: Gaius Suetonius Paulinus
Gaius Suetonius Paulinus served as governor of Roman Britain from 58 to 62 AD, during the early phase of Roman conquest.
Which governor served from 47 to 52 AD, during the early years of Roman rule?
Answer: Publius Ostorius Scapula
Publius Ostorius Scapula served as governor of Roman Britain from 47 to 52 AD, during the early period of Roman rule.
Which governor served from 52 to 57 AD?
Answer: Aulus Didius Gallus
Aulus Didius Gallus served as governor of Roman Britain from 52 to 57 AD.
What was the approximate timeframe for governors listed under the 'Flavian governors' heading?
Answer: 69 AD - 93 AD
The period associated with 'Flavian governors' in Roman Britain spans approximately from 69 AD to 93 AD.
Who served as governor from 71 to 74 AD?
Answer: Quintus Petillius Cerialis
Quintus Petillius Cerialis served as governor of Roman Britain from 71 to 74 AD.
What was the approximate duration of service for Quintus Veranius as governor?
Answer: 1 year (57-57 AD)
Quintus Veranius served as governor of Roman Britain for a brief period, approximately from 57 to 57 AD, indicating a tenure of about one year.
Gnaeus Julius Agricola was recalled from his governorship in Britain in 85 AD.
Answer: True
Gnaeus Julius Agricola's tenure as governor of Britain concluded with his recall in 85 AD.
Sextus Julius Frontinus, governor from 74 to 78 AD, was also recognized for his work as a military and technical writer.
Answer: True
Sextus Julius Frontinus, who served as governor of Roman Britain from 74 to 78 AD, is noted for his contributions as both a military leader and a writer on technical subjects.
Publius Helvius Pertinax served as governor of Roman Britain before later becoming the Roman Emperor.
Answer: True
Publius Helvius Pertinax held the governorship of Roman Britain from approximately 185 to 187 AD before ascending to the imperial throne.
Around 180 AD, a known governor was killed when Caledonians breached Hadrian's Wall.
Answer: False
The historical accounts indicate that an *unnamed* governor was killed around 180 AD when Caledonians breached Hadrian's Wall, not a specifically identified governor.
Decimus Clodius Albinus served as governor of Roman Britain and was also an imperial usurper.
Answer: True
Decimus Clodius Albinus held the position of governor of Roman Britain and subsequently declared himself emperor, becoming an imperial usurper.
Quintus Pompeius Falco served as governor during the reign of Emperor Trajan.
Answer: False
Quintus Pompeius Falco served as governor from 118 to 122 AD, which falls within the reign of Emperor Hadrian, not Trajan.
The governors listed under the 'Hadrianic governors' heading served approximately between 118 AD and 135 AD.
Answer: True
The period designated for 'Hadrianic governors' in Roman Britain spans approximately from 118 AD to 135 AD.
Gnaeus Julius Verus governed Roman Britain from approximately 162 to 166 AD.
Answer: False
Gnaeus Julius Verus served as governor of Roman Britain from approximately 154 to 158 AD, not 162 to 166 AD.
The division of Roman Britain into Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior is generally dated to around 213 AD.
Answer: True
The administrative division of Roman Britain into Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior is generally dated to approximately 213 AD.
Marcus Martiannius Pulcher is listed as a governor of Britannia Inferior during the 3rd century.
Answer: True
Marcus Martiannius Pulcher is indeed listed as a governor of Britannia Inferior during the 3rd century.
Octavius Sabinus governed Britannia Inferior during the period of the Gallic Empire, specifically between 260 and 269 AD.
Answer: True
Octavius Sabinus served as the governor of Britannia Inferior between 260 and 269 AD, a period coinciding with the Gallic Empire.
RIB 1329 is an inscription providing evidence for Lucius Ulpius Marcellus's governorship from 178 to 180 AD.
Answer: True
The inscription designated as RIB 1329 offers evidence for Lucius Ulpius Marcellus's governorship, placing his service between approximately 178 and 180 AD.
What significant military achievement is Gnaeus Julius Agricola credited with in Roman Britain?
Answer: The conquest of Caledonia
Gnaeus Julius Agricola is credited with the conquest of Caledonia during his governorship.
Which governor of Roman Britain later achieved the highest political office in Rome?
Answer: Publius Helvius Pertinax
Publius Helvius Pertinax, after his tenure as governor of Roman Britain, achieved the highest political office, becoming the Roman Emperor.
What happened around 180 AD involving an unnamed governor of Roman Britain?
Answer: The governor was killed when Caledonians breached Hadrian's Wall.
Around 180 AD, an unnamed governor of Roman Britain was killed as a consequence of Caledonians breaching Hadrian's Wall.
Which of the following individuals served as both a governor and an imperial usurper in Roman Britain?
Answer: Decimus Clodius Albinus
Decimus Clodius Albinus held the position of governor of Roman Britain and later became an imperial usurper.
According to the source, what was the approximate date for the division of Roman Britain into Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior?
Answer: 213 AD
The division of Roman Britain into Britannia Superior and Britannia Inferior is generally dated to approximately 213 AD.
The governors listed under the 'Severan governors' heading served approximately during which period?
Answer: 197 AD - 211 AD
The period designated for 'Severan governors' in Roman Britain spans approximately from 197 AD to 211 AD.
Which governor is associated with the period of Emperor Hadrian and served from 118 to 122 AD?
Answer: Quintus Pompeius Falco
Quintus Pompeius Falco served as governor of Roman Britain from 118 to 122 AD, a period corresponding to Emperor Hadrian's reign.
Who was the governor of Britannia Inferior by 213 AD?
Answer: Gaius Julius Marcus
Gaius Julius Marcus is recorded as the governor of Britannia Inferior by 213 AD.
Following Diocletian's reforms around 293 AD, Britain was divided into three provinces, each overseen by a governor of consular rank.
Answer: False
Diocletian's reforms around 293 AD divided Britain into four provinces, with governors typically of equestrian rank, not three provinces under consular governors.
London served as the capital for Britannia Secunda after Diocletian's reforms.
Answer: False
Following Diocletian's reforms, London served as the capital for Maxima Caesariensis, not Britannia Secunda, which had its capital at York.
Alypius of Antioch served as the vicarius of the Britains between 361 and 363 AD.
Answer: True
Alypius of Antioch held the position of vicarius for the Britains during the period of 361 to 363 AD.
The Roman civilian administration in Britain was expelled by the native population around 408 AD.
Answer: True
Historical accounts indicate that the Roman civilian administration in Britain was expelled by the native population circa 408 AD.
Carausius was a Roman governor who successfully defended Britain against barbarian incursions.
Answer: False
Carausius was a Roman military commander who became a usurper emperor in Britain from 286 to 293 AD, rather than a governor who defended against incursions.
Magnus Maximus was recognized as emperor of the West by Theodosius I from 383 to 388 AD.
Answer: True
Magnus Maximus, who originated from Britain, proclaimed himself emperor and was acknowledged as co-emperor of the West by Theodosius I between 383 and 388 AD.
After Diocletian's reforms, the overall diocese of Britain was managed by a governor of equestrian rank.
Answer: False
After Diocletian's reforms, the overall diocese of Britain was managed by a vicarius, while the individual provinces were governed by officials of equestrian rank (praesides).
Pacatianus served as the vicarius of the Britains around 319 AD.
Answer: True
Pacatianus is recorded as having served as the vicarius of the Britains circa 319 AD.
Victorinus and Chrysanthus served as vicarii towards the end of the 4th century and early 5th century, likely between 395 and 406 AD.
Answer: True
Victorinus and Chrysanthus are identified as vicarii who likely served in Britain between 395 and 406 AD, towards the close of the 4th and beginning of the 5th centuries.
Lucius Septimius is identified as a governor of Britannia Prima, although his service dates are unknown.
Answer: True
Lucius Septimius is recorded as a governor of Britannia Prima, with his specific period of service remaining undocumented.
Allectus succeeded Carausius as the ruler of the breakaway British state, ruling from 293 to 296 AD.
Answer: True
Allectus assumed control of the breakaway British state, succeeding Carausius and ruling from 293 to 296 AD.
Marcus and Gratian were proclaimed emperor by the Army of Britain in the early 5th century, with Gratian proclaimed in 406 AD and Marcus in 407 AD.
Answer: False
The proclamation order was reversed: Marcus was proclaimed emperor in 407 AD, and Gratian followed in 407 AD, not 406 AD.
How did the administrative status of governors change after Roman Britain was divided into multiple provinces?
Answer: Governors could now be of the lower, equestrian rank.
Following the division of Roman Britain into multiple provinces, the requirement for governors shifted, allowing individuals of equestrian rank to hold these positions, in addition to those of higher senatorial rank.
Which city served as the capital for Maxima Caesariensis after Diocletian's reforms?
Answer: London
Following Diocletian's reforms, London was designated as the capital of the province of Maxima Caesariensis.
What was the primary role of a 'vicarius' in the administrative structure of the Diocese of the Britains after Diocletian's reforms?
Answer: To oversee the provincial governors within the diocese
The vicarius held the primary role of overseeing the provincial governors within the administrative structure of the Diocese of the Britains after Diocletian's reforms.
Who was the British-based usurper emperor who ruled from 286 to 293 AD?
Answer: Carausius
Carausius was the usurper emperor who established rule in Britain from 286 to 293 AD.
What event marked the approximate end of Roman civilian administration in Britain?
Answer: The expulsion of the administration by the native population
The approximate end of Roman civilian administration in Britain is marked by its expulsion by the native population around 408 AD.
What was the administrative status of Roman Britain's governors after the province was divided, compared to the initial period?
Answer: Governors could now be of the lower, equestrian rank.
Following the division of Roman Britain into multiple provinces, the administrative status allowed for governors of the lower, equestrian rank, a change from the initial requirement of consular status.
Who succeeded Carausius as the ruler of the breakaway British state, and when did he rule?
Answer: Allectus, 293-296 AD
Allectus succeeded Carausius as the ruler of the breakaway British state, governing from 293 to 296 AD.
The historical record for Roman governors of Britain is complete and detailed for the entire period of Roman rule.
Answer: False
The historical record for Roman governors of Britain is incomplete, with many individuals known only through inscriptions or correspondence, and the accuracy and detail diminish significantly in later periods and after provincial divisions.
The Greek term 'stratēgos' used in the text refers to a subordinate military officer below the governor.
Answer: False
The Greek term 'stratēgos' in this context signifies a governor or praetor, not a subordinate military officer.
Which of the following was NOT listed as a source for compiling the list of Roman Britain's governors?
Answer: Archaeological excavations of forts
While Roman historians, inscriptions (epigraphy), and personal correspondence like the Vindolanda letters are cited as sources, archaeological excavations of forts are not explicitly mentioned as a primary source for compiling the list of governors in the provided text.
What does the mention of 'Roman client kingdoms in Britain' suggest about Roman administration?
Answer: That Roman administration interacted with existing local political structures.
The existence of Roman client kingdoms suggests that Roman administration often interacted with and incorporated existing local political structures, rather than imposing a purely direct governance model.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a military leadership position in Roman Britain?
Answer: Legatus Legionis
The military leadership positions mentioned in the text are Dux Britanniarum, Comes Britanniarum, and Count of the Saxon Shore. 'Legatus Legionis' is not explicitly listed among these.
What is the significance of the mention of 'Iron Age tribes in Britain' in the context of Roman governance?
Answer: It suggests Roman administration interacted with or incorporated existing local political structures.
The mention of Iron Age tribes signifies that Roman governance often involved interaction with and incorporation of existing local political structures, indicating a nuanced approach to administration.
What is the meaning of the Greek term 'stratēgos' as used in the context of Roman Britain's governors?
Answer: A provincial governor or praetor
The Greek term 'stratēgos,' as used in the context of Roman Britain's governors, signifies a provincial governor or praetor.