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Total Categories: 5
The chronicle of Kashmiri rulers commences with the establishment of the Karkota dynasty circa 625 CE.
Answer: False
The historical record indicates that the earliest rulers of Kashmir belong to the Gonanda dynasty, established circa 1400 BCE, which predates the Karkota dynasty's establishment around 625 CE.
Gonanda I, identified as the inaugural monarch of the Gonanda dynasty, is presented as a contemporary of Yudhishthira, a figure from the Mahabharata epic.
Answer: True
The text explicitly states that Gonanda I, the first ruler of the Gonanda dynasty, was contemporary with Yudhishthira and a relative of Jarasandha.
Damodara I was slain by Krishna, and his pregnant consort, Yashovati, was subsequently installed on the throne by Krishna.
Answer: True
According to the provided historical account, Damodara I met his end in battle against Krishna, after which Krishna facilitated the ascension of his pregnant wife, Yashovati, to the throne.
Gonanda II reigned during the Kurukshetra War and was subsequently assassinated by the son of Parikshit.
Answer: True
The text indicates that Gonanda II ruled Kashmir during the period of the Kurukshetra War and was later killed by Parikshit.
Lava, a descendant of Gonanda I, established the Kashmira Naga Dynasty and founded the city of Lolora, which purportedly contained 84 lakh stone-walled houses.
Answer: True
The text attributes the founding of the Kashmira Naga Dynasty and the city of Lolora, noted for its 84 lakh stone-walled houses, to Lava, a descendant of Gonanda I.
Surendra, son of Khagendra, is identified as the inaugural ruler of Kashmir to embrace Buddhism and foster Buddhist culture.
Answer: True
Surendra, the son of Khagendra, is designated in the text as the first Kashmiri monarch to adopt Buddhism and promote its associated culture.
The Ashoka mentioned in the text, credited with constructing Srinagara, is definitively identified with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka.
Answer: False
While scholars often equate the Ashoka who built Srinagara with the Mauryan emperor, the text notes Kalhana places this ruler in the 2nd millennium BCE, creating a chronological discrepancy.
Jalauka (Jaloka) was a fervent adherent of Shaivism who actively persecuted Buddhists and desecrated Shiva temples.
Answer: False
Jalauka (Jaloka) is described as a staunch Shaivite who constructed numerous Shiva temples and expelled the 'mlechchhas,' not as a persecutor of Buddhists or a destroyer of Shiva temples.
Hushka, Jushka, and Kanishka are identified as Buddhist kings of Turashka origin, with Kanishka being equated with the ruler of the Kushan Empire.
Answer: True
The text explicitly names Hushka, Jushka, and Kanishka as Buddhist kings of Turashka origin, and identifies Kanishka with the prominent Kushan Empire ruler.
During Abhimanyu I's reign, Shaivism and Buddhism coexisted without any inter-religious conflict.
Answer: False
The text details religious conflict during Abhimanyu I's reign, where the abandonment of Shaivite Naga rites by Buddhists led to persecution by the Nagas.
Gonanda III established a new dynasty and reinstated Shaivite rites, commencing a reign of 35 years in 1182 BCE.
Answer: False
Gonanda III is noted for founding a new dynasty and restoring the Naga rites, not Shaivite rites, and his reign began in 1182 BCE.
Nara I (Kinnara) destroyed Buddhist monasteries subsequent to his queen's elopement with a Buddhist monk.
Answer: True
The text states that Nara I (Kinnara) destroyed Buddhist monasteries after his queen eloped with a Buddhist monk.
Mihirakula is depicted as a benevolent ruler who fostered peace and maintained extensive diplomatic relations.
Answer: False
Mihirakula's reign is characterized in the text by extreme cruelty, invasions, and widespread killings, rather than peace and diplomacy.
Vaka (Baka) reigned virtuously for 63 years but was ultimately assassinated by his own ministers.
Answer: False
Vaka (Baka)'s virtuous reign of 63 years ended tragically when he and several of his descendants were killed due to the influence of a woman named Vatta, not by ministers.
Vasunanda, who reigned for 52 years, is recognized as the 'Originator of the science of love'.
Answer: True
The text notes that Vasunanda reigned for 52 years and 2 months, commencing in 572 BCE, and is identified as the 'Originator of the science of love'.
Gopaditya expelled Brahmins who consumed garlic and replaced them with individuals from foreign regions.
Answer: True
Gopaditya, who reigned for 60 years starting in 400 BCE, granted lands to Brahmins and expelled those who consumed garlic, subsequently bringing in others from foreign countries.
Yudhisthira I was deposed due to his excessive patronage of wise courtiers, leading to the desertion of his ministers.
Answer: False
Yudhisthira I was deposed because he patronized unwise individuals, causing wise courtiers to leave his service, not the other way around.
Meghavahana prohibited animal slaughter, provided patronage to Brahmins, and his queens supported the establishment of Buddhist viharas.
Answer: True
Meghavahana's reign is noted for banning animal slaughter, patronizing Brahmins, and his queens' support for Buddhist monastic constructions.
Toramana imprisoned his brother Hiranya because Hiranya commenced issuing coinage bearing his own name.
Answer: False
The text states that Hiranya imprisoned his brother Toramana when Toramana began issuing coins in his own name.
Emperor Vikramaditya appointed Matrigupta as the ruler of Kashmir, and Matrigupta subsequently abdicated in favor of Vikramaditya's son.
Answer: False
According to Kalhana, Emperor Vikramaditya appointed Matrigupta, but Matrigupta abdicated in favor of Pravarasena after Vikramaditya's death, not his son.
Pravarasena II is credited with founding Pravarapura, a city later identified by historians with modern Srinagar.
Answer: True
Pravarasena II is recognized for founding Pravarapura, which subsequent historical scholarship has identified with the present-day city of Srinagar.
Sandhimati willingly relinquished the throne due to his devout Shaivism and preference for ascetic retreats over governance.
Answer: True
Sandhimati (Aryaraja), a devout Shaivite, willingly gave up the throne because he preferred religious contemplation in forest retreats to the responsibilities of ruling.
The Karkota dynasty governed Kashmir for over two centuries, spanning approximately from 625 CE to 855 CE.
Answer: True
The Karkota dynasty's rule in Kashmir is estimated to have lasted approximately from 625 CE to 855 CE.
Muktapida, also known as Lalitaditya I, was a distinguished Karkota ruler whose reign extended for more than 36 years.
Answer: True
Muktapida, also referred to as Lalitaditya I, was a significant ruler of the Karkota dynasty, with a reign duration of 36 years, 7 months, and 11 days.
Didda was the inaugural ruler of the Utpala dynasty and reigned until 1009 CE.
Answer: False
Didda was the final ruler of the Utpala dynasty, reigning from 980 CE until approximately 1009 or 1012 CE, not its first ruler.
The text identifies Gonanda II as the progenitor of the Gonanda dynasty.
Answer: False
Gonanda I is identified as the founder of the Gonanda dynasty; Gonanda II was his descendant.
During the reign of Abhimanyu I, the Nagas persecuted Buddhists because the Buddhists had abandoned Shaivite Naga rites.
Answer: True
The text explains that during Abhimanyu I's reign, the Nagas persecuted Buddhists due to the latter's abandonment of Shaivite Naga rites.
Mihirakula's reign, commencing in 735 BCE, was characterized by peace treaties and the promotion of arts and culture.
Answer: False
Mihirakula's reign, beginning in 735 BCE, is described as one of extreme cruelty and violence, not peace and cultural promotion.
The Karkota dynasty, known for rulers such as Lalitaditya I, governed Kashmir for approximately 230 years.
Answer: True
The Karkota dynasty ruled Kashmir for approximately 230 years, from circa 625 CE to 855 CE.
According to the provided text, which dynasty is credited with the earliest rulers of Kashmir mentioned?
Answer: The Gonanda dynasty
The text identifies the Gonanda dynasty as the earliest ruling lineage mentioned in the historical record of Kashmir.
According to the text, with which historical figures was Gonanda I contemporary?
Answer: Yudhishthira and Jarasandha
The text states that Gonanda I, the first monarch of the Gonanda dynasty, was contemporary with Yudhishthira and a relative of Jarasandha, the ruler of Magadha.
What event transpired concerning Damodara I and his wife Yashovati following Damodara I's demise at the hands of Krishna?
Answer: His wife Yashovati, who was pregnant, was assisted by Krishna to ascend the throne.
Following Damodara I's death by Krishna, his pregnant wife Yashovati was aided by Krishna in assuming the throne.
Which dynasty was established by Lava, a descendant of Gonanda I?
Answer: The Kashmira Naga Dynasty
Lava, a descendant of Gonanda I, is credited with founding the Kashmira Naga Dynasty.
Who is identified in the text as the first Buddhist monarch of Kashmir?
Answer: Surendra
Surendra, son of Khagendra, is designated as the first ruler of Kashmir to embrace Buddhism and establish its culture.
What complexity surrounds the identification of Ashoka, the builder of Srinagara, within the provided text?
Answer: Kalhana places him in the 2nd millennium BCE, differing from the Mauryan emperor's timeline.
The text notes that Kalhana situates the Ashoka who built Srinagara in the 2nd millennium BCE, creating a chronological divergence from the commonly identified Mauryan emperor.
What actions are attributed to Jalauka (Jaloka) during his reign?
Answer: He constructed Shiva temples and rid the country of 'mlechchhas'.
Jalauka (Jaloka) is described as a staunch Shaivite who erected Shiva temples and expelled the 'mlechchhas' from the land.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a Buddhist king of Turashka origin in the text?
Answer: Ashoka
The text lists Hushka, Jushka, and Kanishka as Buddhist kings of Turashka origin. Ashoka, while mentioned, is not categorized within this specific group.
What religious conflict arose during Abhimanyu I's reign?
Answer: Shaivites persecuted Buddhists after Buddhists abandoned Naga rites.
During Abhimanyu I's reign, the abandonment of Shaivite Naga rites by Buddhists led to persecution by the Nagas, causing religious discord.
Gonanda III is noted for founding a new dynasty and performing which significant religious action?
Answer: Restoring the Naga rites.
Gonanda III founded a new dynasty and is credited with the restoration of the Naga rites.
What led to the demise of Nara I (Kinnara)?
Answer: He died in a fire after attempting to abduct a Naga woman.
Nara I (Kinnara) perished in a conflagration ignited by the Naga chief after Nara I attempted to abduct a Naga woman.
How is the reign of Mihirakula described in the source material?
Answer: As marked by extreme cruelty, invasions, and killings.
Mihirakula's reign is characterized by extreme cruelty, military invasions, and numerous killings, according to the provided text.
Vaka (Baka)'s virtuous reign concluded tragically due to the influence of whom?
Answer: A woman named Vatta
Vaka (Baka)'s reign ended tragically when he was seduced and killed, along with several descendants, by a woman named Vatta.
Gopaditya's actions concerning Brahmins included:
Answer: Granting lands and expelling Brahmins who consumed garlic.
Gopaditya granted lands to Brahmins and expelled those who consumed garlic, replacing them with others from foreign regions.
What was the reason for Yudhisthira I's deposition?
Answer: He patronized unwise individuals, causing wise courtiers to leave.
Yudhisthira I was deposed because his patronage of unwise individuals led to the desertion of his wise courtiers.
What notable actions are attributed to Meghavahana?
Answer: Banning animal slaughter and patronizing Brahmins.
Meghavahana is noted for prohibiting animal slaughter, patronizing Brahmins, and supporting the construction of Buddhist viharas.
Who appointed Matrigupta as the ruler of Kashmir, according to Kalhana?
Answer: Emperor Vikramaditya (Harsha) of Ujjayini
Kalhana states that Emperor Vikramaditya (Harsha) of Ujjayini appointed Matrigupta as the ruler of Kashmir.
Pravarasena II is credited with founding which city, later identified with modern Srinagar?
Answer: Pravarapura
Pravarasena II is credited with the foundation of Pravarapura, a city subsequently identified with modern Srinagar.
What unusual physical characteristic is mentioned for the ruler Jayendra?
Answer: Arms that reached his knees.
Jayendra, son of Vijaya, is noted for possessing 'long arms that reached to his knees'.
Sandhimati (Aryaraja) willingly relinquished the throne primarily because:
Answer: He preferred a life of religious contemplation over ruling.
Sandhimati (Aryaraja) willingly gave up the throne due to his preference for religious contemplation and ascetic retreats over the duties of governance.
The Karkota dynasty governed Kashmir approximately during which period?
Answer: 625 CE to 855 CE
The Karkota dynasty's rule in Kashmir is estimated to have spanned approximately from 625 CE to 855 CE.
Who was the final ruler listed for the Utpala dynasty?
Answer: Didda
Didda is identified as the last ruler associated with the Utpala dynasty in the provided text.
Which ruler is credited with founding the city of Pravarapura, identified with modern Srinagar?
Answer: Pravarasena II
Pravarasena II is credited with the foundation of Pravarapura, a city subsequently identified with modern Srinagar.
What significant event is associated with the reign of Gonanda II?
Answer: His reign as a minor during the Kurukshetra War, followed by his death by Parikshit.
Gonanda II ruled as a minor during the Kurukshetra War and was subsequently killed by Parikshit.
Who was the final ruler of the Utpala dynasty, reigning until approximately 1009 or 1012 CE?
Answer: Didda
Didda is identified as the last ruler of the Utpala dynasty, with her reign extending to approximately 1009 or 1012 CE.
What was the primary characteristic of the reign of Vaka (Baka) mentioned in the source?
Answer: He was a virtuous king whose reign ended tragically.
Vaka (Baka)'s reign is described as virtuous but concluded tragically due to external influence and the death of his descendants.
Who is identified as the first monarch of the Gonanda dynasty (I)?
Answer: Gonanda I
Gonanda I is identified as the inaugural monarch of the Gonanda dynasty in the provided historical account.
The text identifies the third Buddhist king of Turashka origin as being the same as which famous ruler?
Answer: Kanishka of the Kushan Empire
The text identifies Kanishka, the third Buddhist king of Turashka origin mentioned, with Kanishka of the Kushan Empire.
Which dynasty governed Kashmir approximately from 855 CE to 1012 CE?
Answer: Utpala dynasty
The Utpala dynasty ruled Kashmir approximately from 855 CE to 1012 CE.
The Lohar dynasty's dominion over Kashmir spanned approximately from 1003 CE to 1339 CE.
Answer: True
The historical period of the Lohar dynasty's rule in Kashmir is generally dated from approximately 1003 CE to 1339 CE.
Harsha of Kashmir, a ruler associated with the Lohar dynasty, died in 1101 CE.
Answer: True
Harsha, a ruler from the Lohar dynasty, is recorded as having died in the year 1101 CE.
Rinchan ruled as Sultan of Kashmir until 1339 CE, after which Kota Rani assumed the throne.
Answer: False
Rinchan's rule as Sultan concluded in 1323 CE. Kota Rani ruled from 1338 to 1339 CE, preceding the establishment of the Shah Mir dynasty.
Shah Mir founded the Shah Mir dynasty, reigning as Shamsu'd-Din Shah from 1339 to 1342 CE.
Answer: True
Shah Mir is recognized as the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty, assuming the title Shamsu'd-Din Shah and ruling from 1339 to 1342 CE.
Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah, also known as Zayn al-Abidin the Great, had a singular, extended reign from 1418 to 1470 CE.
Answer: False
Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah (Zayn al-Abidin the Great) had two distinct reign periods: 1418-1419 CE and a restoration from 1420-1470 CE, not a single continuous reign.
Muhammad Shah of the Shah Mir dynasty experienced five separate reigns between 1484 and 1537 CE.
Answer: True
Muhammad Shah's rule during the Shah Mir dynasty was characterized by multiple, non-consecutive reigns, totaling five distinct periods between 1484 and 1537 CE.
The Chak dynasty was founded by Ghazi Shah, who reigned as Muḥammad Humāyūn from 1561 to 1563 CE.
Answer: True
Ghazi Shah is identified as the founder of the Chak dynasty, ruling under the title Muḥammad Humāyūn from 1561 to 1563 CE.
Yousuf Shah was the final ruler of the Chak dynasty prior to the Baihaqi dynasty, reigning until February 1579.
Answer: True
Yousuf Shah, ruling as Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi, was the last monarch of the Chak dynasty before the brief Baihaqi period, concluding his reign in February 1579.
Mubarak Ghazi, also known as Sayyid Mubarak, governed during the brief Baihaqi dynasty period from February to November 1579.
Answer: True
Sayyid Mubarak, also referred to as Mubarak Ghazi, ruled during the short duration of the Baihaqi dynasty, from February to November 1579.
The Lohar dynasty governed Kashmir approximately from 1003 CE until which year?
Answer: 1339 CE
The Lohar dynasty's rule in Kashmir is generally considered to have lasted from approximately 1003 CE until 1339 CE.
Who ruled Kashmir from 1338 to 1339 CE, preceding the establishment of the Shah Mir dynasty?
Answer: Kota Rani
Kota Rani governed Kashmir from 1338 to 1339 CE, marking the end of the Lohar dynasty's influence and preceding the Shah Mir dynasty.
The Kashmir Sultanate period, spanning roughly 1339 CE to 1589 CE, encompassed which of the following dynasties?
Answer: Shah Mir, Chak, Baihaqi
The Kashmir Sultanate period included the Shah Mir, Chak, and Baihaqi dynasties, among others, during its approximate span from 1339 CE to 1589 CE.
Who is identified as the most significant ruler of the Shah Mir dynasty, often referred to as the Great?
Answer: Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah (Zayn al-Abidin)
Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah, also known as Zayn al-Abidin the Great, is recognized as the most significant ruler of the Shah Mir dynasty.
Which ruler experienced multiple, non-consecutive reigns during the Shah Mir dynasty, spanning from 1484 to 1537?
Answer: Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah of the Shah Mir dynasty had five separate reigns between 1484 and 1537 CE.
Which of the following rulers is NOT mentioned as having reigned during the Lohar dynasty period?
Answer: Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah
Harsha, Kota Rani, and Rinchan are associated with the Lohar dynasty period. Ghiyasu'd-Din Shah belonged to the subsequent Shah Mir dynasty.
The Kashmir Sultanate period concluded with its annexation by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1586 CE.
Answer: True
The period of the Kashmir Sultanate effectively ended with the annexation of the region by Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire in 1586 CE.
Yakub Shah Chak was deposed by the Mughals in 1586 but continued to claim the title of Sultan until 1589.
Answer: True
Yakub Shah Chak was dethroned by Mughal forces in 1586; however, he maintained the titular claim of Sultan of Kashmir until 1589.
Mughal Kashmir refers to the period from 1586 to 1752 CE, commencing with Emperor Jahangir's annexation.
Answer: False
Mughal Kashmir spanned from 1586 to 1752 CE, but the annexation was initiated by Emperor Akbar, not Jahangir.
Ahmad Shah Durrani governed Kashmir during the initial phase of the Durrani Empire, from 1752 to 1754 CE.
Answer: True
Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire and ruled Kashmir during its initial period, specifically from 1752 to 1754 CE.
During the Sikh Empire period (1819–1846 CE), Kashmir was directly administered by Sikh monarchs.
Answer: False
Under the Sikh Empire (c. 1819–1846 CE), Kashmir was governed by appointed governors rather than directly by Sikh monarchs.
Diwan Moti Ram served as the inaugural governor of Kashmir appointed under Sikh administration.
Answer: True
Diwan Moti Ram is identified as the first governor appointed to administer Kashmir during the period of Sikh rule.
Emperor Akbar annexed Kashmir in 1586 CE, marking the commencement of which historical period?
Answer: Mughal Kashmir
The annexation of Kashmir by Emperor Akbar in 1586 CE initiated the period known as Mughal Kashmir.
Who governed Kashmir during the initial phase of the Durrani Empire (circa 1752–1754 CE)?
Answer: Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire and ruled Kashmir during its initial period, from 1752 to 1754 CE.
During the Sikh Empire period (circa 1819–1846 CE), how was Kashmir administered?
Answer: By nominal and acting governors appointed by Sikh rulers.
Under Sikh rule, Kashmir was administered by a series of appointed governors, rather than directly by the monarchs.
The Durrani rulers who governed Kashmir after 1762 CE included all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer: Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh was a leader of the Sikh Empire, not a Durrani ruler. The list of Durrani rulers includes Ahmad Shah Durrani, Zaman Shah Durrani, and Mahmud Shah Durrani.
Who was the first governor of Kashmir under Sikh rule?
Answer: Diwan Moti Ram
Diwan Moti Ram served as the initial governor appointed to administer Kashmir during the period of Sikh rule.
The period of Mughal Kashmir lasted approximately from 1586 CE until which year?
Answer: 1752 CE
The period of Mughal rule in Kashmir is generally considered to have concluded around 1752 CE.
Who succeeded Diwan Moti Ram as governor of Kashmir under Sikh rule?
Answer: Hari Singh Nalwa
Hari Singh Nalwa succeeded Diwan Moti Ram as governor of Kashmir during the period of Sikh administration.
The State of Jammu and Kashmir was constituted as a princely state under the Dogra dynasty, with Hari Singh as its first sovereign.
Answer: False
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the first ruler of the Dogra dynasty to establish the State of Jammu and Kashmir as a princely state in 1846 CE. Hari Singh was the last Maharaja.
Hari Singh was the final Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir prior to its integration into India.
Answer: True
Hari Singh served as the last Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, reigning until the state's merger with India and the subsequent abolition of the monarchy.
The monarchy in Jammu and Kashmir was officially abolished in 1947.
Answer: False
The monarchy in Jammu and Kashmir was officially abolished on November 17, 1952, not in 1947.
Who established the State of Jammu and Kashmir as a princely state under the Dogra dynasty?
Answer: Gulab Singh
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the founder of the Dogra dynasty and established the State of Jammu and Kashmir as a princely state.
Who was the last Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir prior to its merger with India?
Answer: Hari Singh
Hari Singh served as the final Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir before the state's integration into the Indian Union.
When was the monarchy officially abolished in Jammu and Kashmir?
Answer: 1952
The monarchy in Jammu and Kashmir was officially abolished on November 17, 1952.
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the first ruler of which dynasty that established the State of Jammu and Kashmir?
Answer: Dogra dynasty
Maharaja Gulab Singh was the inaugural ruler of the Dogra dynasty, which established the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
The historical accounts of 35 kings ruling after Gonanda II are well-documented in the Ratnakar Purana, a text later translated into Persian.
Answer: False
The Ratnakar Purana, which purportedly contained the names of 35 kings following Gonanda II, is now lost, as is its Persian translation. Later Muslim historians are said to have fabricated a list of names ending in '-Khan'.
The rulers listed under 'Other rulers,' such as Pratapaditya I and Jalauka, are extensively documented across multiple historical sources.
Answer: False
The text explicitly states that no kings mentioned in the 'Other rulers' section, including Pratapaditya I and Jalauka, have been traced in any other historical sources.
The 'Rajatarangini' is cited as a primary source for the early rulers of Kashmir, including details pertaining to the Gonanda dynasty.
Answer: True
The 'Rajatarangini' is explicitly mentioned as a historical chronicle providing information on early Kashmiri rulers, notably those of the Gonanda dynasty.