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British Government Confidence Votes: Historical Analysis

At a Glance

Title: British Government Confidence Votes: Historical Analysis

Total Categories: 5

Category Stats

  • Early Precedents and Foundational Concepts (1742-1830): 7 flashcards, 4 questions
  • Mid-Victorian Parliamentary Crises (1830-1870): 2 flashcards, 13 questions
  • Late Victorian and Edwardian Political Landscape (1870-1914): 3 flashcards, 7 questions
  • The 20th Century: From War to Modernity (1914-1979): 4 flashcards, 3 questions
  • Analysis of Confidence Votes: Trends and Mechanisms: 6 flashcards, 3 questions

Total Stats

  • Total Flashcards: 49
  • True/False Questions: 25
  • Multiple Choice Questions: 25
  • Total Questions: 50

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Study Guide: British Government Confidence Votes: Historical Analysis

Study Guide: British Government Confidence Votes: Historical Analysis

Early Precedents and Foundational Concepts (1742-1830)

Robert Walpole resigned from his position as First Lord of the Treasury in 1742 following a parliamentary defeat related to the Civil List.

Answer: False

While Robert Walpole resigned in 1742 after losing a vote of no confidence, the specific parliamentary event that triggered this loss of confidence was the defeat of a petition concerning election returns for Chippenham, not directly a vote concerning the Civil List.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific parliamentary event led to Robert Walpole's resignation in 1742?: Robert Walpole resigned as First Lord of the Treasury in 1742 following the defeat of a motion concerning election returns for Chippenham in the House of Commons. This defeat, by a margin of one vote, was interpreted by Walpole as a loss of parliamentary confidence.
  • What was Robert Walpole's position when he resigned in 1742 following the vote of no confidence?: When Robert Walpole resigned in 1742 following a vote of no confidence, he held the dual positions of First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He subsequently received the title Earl of Orford and retired from the House of Commons.
  • Who is considered the first British Prime Minister to resign following a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, and in what year did this occur?: Robert Walpole, widely recognized as the first British Prime Minister, resigned in 1742 subsequent to his government losing a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, establishing a precedent for prime ministerial accountability to Parliament.

The defeat of Lord North's ministry in 1782 was the first time an entire British Cabinet resigned due to a vote of no confidence.

Answer: True

This statement is accurate. The defeat of Lord North's ministry in 1782, following a vote of no confidence on a motion to end offensive warfare in America, marked the first occasion in British parliamentary history where an entire Cabinet resigned collectively due to such a vote.

Related Concepts:

  • What distinction does the defeat of Lord North's ministry in 1782 hold in British parliamentary history?: The defeat of Lord North's ministry in 1782 holds the distinction of being the first instance where an entire British Cabinet resigned collectively after losing a vote of no confidence, thereby establishing a precedent for cabinet collective responsibility.
  • How did the concept of "cabinet collective responsibility" relate to the government's resignation in the defeat of Lord North's ministry in 1782?: The resignation of Lord North's entire cabinet in 1782 following a vote of no confidence was the first demonstration of cabinet collective responsibility in British parliamentary history, signifying that the government as a whole resigned together.
  • What was the specific motion that led to the downfall of Lord North's government in 1782, and what was its context?: The motion that precipitated the downfall of Lord North's government in 1782 was introduced by Henry Seymour Conway, advocating for an end to 'the further prosecution of offensive warfare' in America. Its passage by 234 to 215 signified a loss of parliamentary confidence, occurring in the context of the American Revolutionary War's conclusion.

William Pitt the Younger avoided resignation after facing parliamentary defeats in 1784 by immediately calling a general election.

Answer: True

William Pitt the Younger's government survived parliamentary opposition in 1784 by refusing to resign despite multiple defeats. Instead, Pitt advised the King to dissolve Parliament, leading to a general election that secured him a majority, thereby avoiding resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • How did William Pitt the Younger's government survive a vote of no confidence in 1784, and what precedent did this set?: William Pitt the Younger's government survived parliamentary opposition in 1784 by advising the King to dissolve Parliament rather than resign after facing multiple defeats. This strategy, leading to a general election that secured a majority, established a precedent for prime ministerial recourse to dissolution.
  • What was the significance of the vote against William Pitt the Younger in 1784 regarding parliamentary dissolution?: The 1784 vote concerning William Pitt the Younger established a significant precedent wherein a Prime Minister, confronting parliamentary opposition, advised the monarch to dissolve Parliament rather than resign, thereby utilizing a general election to solidify governmental authority.

Who is generally regarded as the first British Prime Minister to resign following a vote of no confidence, and in what year did this happen?

Answer: Robert Walpole in 1742

Robert Walpole is generally regarded as the first British Prime Minister to resign following a vote of no confidence. This occurred in 1742, marking a significant precedent for parliamentary accountability.

Related Concepts:

  • Who is considered the first British Prime Minister to resign following a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, and in what year did this occur?: Robert Walpole, widely recognized as the first British Prime Minister, resigned in 1742 subsequent to his government losing a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, establishing a precedent for prime ministerial accountability to Parliament.

Mid-Victorian Parliamentary Crises (1830-1870)

The Duke of Wellington's government fell in 1830 due to a defeat on a motion concerning the Civil List for 1831.

Answer: True

The Duke of Wellington's government was defeated in 1830 when the House of Commons rejected a motion concerning the Civil List for 1831 by a vote of 204 to 233, leading to Wellington's resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • What financial matter led to the defeat of the Duke of Wellington's government in 1830?: The Duke of Wellington's government was defeated in 1830 when the House of Commons rejected a motion concerning the Civil List for 1831 by a vote of 204 to 233, leading to Wellington's resignation.

Robert Peel's first ministry resigned in 1835 after losing a vote related to the government's policy on the Church of Ireland.

Answer: True

Robert Peel's first ministry resigned in 1835 following a defeat in the House of Commons on a report concerning the Church of Ireland, which the government opposed. This vote, 285 to 258, led to Peel's resignation and the subsequent formation of a government under Lord Melbourne.

Related Concepts:

  • What issue related to the Church of Ireland contributed to the defeat of Robert Peel's first ministry in 1835?: Robert Peel's first ministry was defeated in 1835 following the House of Commons' passage of a report concerning the Church of Ireland, which the government opposed. This vote, 285 to 258, led to Peel's resignation.

Lord Melbourne's government was defeated in June 1841 by a margin of only one vote.

Answer: True

This statement is accurate. Lord Melbourne's government suffered its first defeat in June 1841 when Robert Peel's motion of no confidence passed by a narrow margin of 312 votes to 311 in the House of Commons.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the vote count in the House of Commons that led to the first defeat of Lord Melbourne's ministry in June 1841?: The first defeat of Lord Melbourne's ministry in June 1841 occurred when a motion of no confidence, introduced by Robert Peel, was passed by a vote of 312 to 311 in the House of Commons.

Robert Peel's second ministry was defeated in 1846 due to internal party divisions over the repeal of the Corn Laws.

Answer: True

This statement is accurate. While the immediate cause of Robert Peel's second ministry's defeat in 1846 was the rejection of the 'Coercion Bill' for Ireland, this vote was heavily influenced by the significant internal party divisions that had arisen from Peel's earlier decision to repeal the Corn Laws.

Related Concepts:

  • What legislative issue, related to agricultural policy, caused the defeat of Robert Peel's second ministry in 1846?: Robert Peel's second ministry was defeated in 1846 when the House of Commons voted against the government's 'Coercion Bill' for Ireland on its second reading. This legislative setback was closely tied to the internal party divisions arising from Peel's repeal of the Corn Laws.

Lord John Russell's ministry resigned in 1851 after being defeated on the second reading of a reform bill.

Answer: True

Lord John Russell's ministry resigned in 1851 following the defeat of its proposed reform bill on its second reading in the House of Commons. Although an earlier motion on the bill passed the first reading, the subsequent defeat on the second reading led to the government's resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • What reform proposal led to the first defeat of Lord John Russell's ministry in 1851?: The first defeat of Lord John Russell's ministry in 1851 was precipitated by a motion to equalize the county and borough franchise, extending voting rights to occupiers of tenements valued at £10 annually. This motion passed the first reading by 100 to 52, though the bill was later defeated on its second reading.
  • Why did Lord John Russell's ministry, despite resigning in 1851 after a defeat, ultimately resume office?: Lord John Russell's ministry resumed office in 1851 after its initial resignation due to a reform bill defeat, because neither the Conservative Party nor the Peelites could successfully form a viable alternative government.

Lord John Russell's government experienced its second defeat in 1852 over a dispute concerning the wording of the Local Militia Bill.

Answer: True

Lord John Russell's government suffered its second defeat in 1852 when it lost a vote on the inclusion of the word 'local' in the title of the Local Militia Bill. This vote, decided 125 to 136 against the government, led to Russell's resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • What seemingly minor issue regarding the Local Militia bill caused the second defeat of Lord John Russell's ministry in 1852?: The second defeat of Lord John Russell's ministry in 1852 stemmed from a seemingly minor issue: the government lost a vote concerning the inclusion of the word 'local' in the title of the Local Militia Bill. This vote, decided 125 to 136 against the government, led to Russell's resignation.

Lord Derby's minority government fell in December 1852 because its budget proposal included an increase in the house tax.

Answer: True

Lord Derby's minority government was defeated in December 1852 when its budget proposal, which included an increase in the house tax, was rejected by the House of Commons by a vote of 286 to 305, leading to the formation of the Aberdeen government.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the reason for the defeat of Lord Derby's minority government in December 1852?: Lord Derby's minority government was defeated in December 1852 when its budget proposal, which included an increase in the house tax, was rejected by the House of Commons by a vote of 286 to 305, leading to the formation of the Aberdeen government.

Lord Aberdeen's coalition government was defeated in 1855 due to public dissatisfaction with its handling of the Crimean War.

Answer: True

Lord Aberdeen's coalition government was defeated in 1855 following a parliamentary vote to investigate the administration of the Crimean War, reflecting widespread dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the conflict.

Related Concepts:

  • What war was Lord Aberdeen's coalition government accused of mismanaging, leading to its downfall in 1855?: Lord Aberdeen's coalition government faced downfall in 1855 due to public and parliamentary dissatisfaction over the alleged mismanagement of the Crimean War, culminating in a vote to investigate the government's war administration.

Lord Palmerston's ministry suffered its first defeat in 1857 over the government's response to the *Arrow* incident.

Answer: True

Lord Palmerston's ministry experienced its first defeat in 1857 when the House of Commons registered dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the *Arrow* affair in Canton, an incident that precipitated the Second Opium War.

Related Concepts:

  • The first defeat of Lord Palmerston's ministry in 1857 was related to dissatisfaction with the government's handling of which incident?: The first defeat of Lord Palmerston's ministry in 1857 was linked to parliamentary dissatisfaction with the government's handling of the *Arrow* affair in Canton, an incident that precipitated the Second Opium War.

Lord Palmerston's second ministry was defeated in 1858 on a bill related to conspiracy to murder, following an assassination attempt in France.

Answer: True

Lord Palmerston's second ministry was defeated in 1858 on the second reading of the *Conspiracy to Murder Bill*, introduced in response to an assassination attempt in France, reflecting concerns over the government's foreign policy and domestic security measures.

Related Concepts:

  • What piece of legislation, related to an assassination attempt in France, led to the second defeat of Lord Palmerston's ministry in 1858?: Lord Palmerston's second ministry was defeated in 1858 on the second reading of a *Conspiracy to Murder Bill*, introduced in response to an assassination attempt in France, reflecting concerns over the government's foreign policy and domestic security measures.

The defeat of Lord Derby's second ministry in June 1859 was caused by a vote of no confidence moved by the newly formed Liberal Party.

Answer: True

The defeat of Lord Derby's second ministry in June 1859 was caused by a vote of no confidence. This vote was successfully moved by the newly coalesced Liberal Party, which comprised Whigs, Peelites, Radicals, and Irish Nationalists, highlighting a significant shift in parliamentary alignment.

Related Concepts:

  • What political development preceded the defeat of Lord Derby's second ministry in June 1859?: The defeat of Lord Derby's second ministry in June 1859 was preceded by the formation of the modern Liberal Party, a coalition of various opposition groups. This newly consolidated political force successfully moved an amendment to the Queen's Speech, leading to the government's defeat.

Lord Russell's third ministry fell in 1866 due to opposition to its proposed parliamentary reform measures.

Answer: True

Lord Russell's third ministry resigned in 1866 after being defeated on the second reading of its proposed parliamentary reform bill. The vote, which passed 315 to 304 against the government, signified a loss of confidence in its legislative agenda.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the subject of the parliamentary reform proposals that led to the third defeat of Lord Russell's ministry in 1866?: Lord Russell's third ministry resigned in 1866 after being defeated on the second reading of its proposed parliamentary reform bill. The vote, which passed 315 to 304 against the government, signified a loss of confidence in its legislative agenda.

Lord Melbourne's government suffered its first defeat in June 1841 on a motion introduced by which political figure?

Answer: Robert Peel

Lord Melbourne's government suffered its first defeat in June 1841 when Robert Peel introduced a motion of no confidence, which was passed by the House of Commons by a vote of 312 to 311.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the vote count in the House of Commons that led to the first defeat of Lord Melbourne's ministry in June 1841?: The first defeat of Lord Melbourne's ministry in June 1841 occurred when a motion of no confidence, introduced by Robert Peel, was passed by a vote of 312 to 311 in the House of Commons.

Late Victorian and Edwardian Political Landscape (1870-1914)

William Gladstone's ministry was defeated in 1873 on the second reading of the University Education (Ireland) Bill.

Answer: True

William Gladstone's ministry suffered its first defeat in 1873 when the University Education (Ireland) Bill was rejected on its second reading in the House of Commons by a vote of 284 to 287.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific bill concerning Ireland caused the first defeat of William Gladstone's ministry in 1873?: William Gladstone's ministry suffered its first defeat in 1873 when the University Education (Ireland) Bill was rejected on its second reading in the House of Commons by a vote of 284 to 287.

Gladstone's government continued in office after the 1873 defeat because the opposition leader declined to form a minority government.

Answer: True

Gladstone's government continued in office after its 1873 defeat because the opposition leader, Benjamin Disraeli, declined to form a minority government, leaving Gladstone as the only viable option to continue governing.

Related Concepts:

  • Why did Gladstone's government, despite losing a vote in 1873, continue in office?: Gladstone's government continued in office after its 1873 defeat because the opposition leader, Benjamin Disraeli, declined to form a minority government, leaving Gladstone as the only viable option to continue governing.

Gladstone's second ministry was defeated in 1885 when his budget was rejected by the House of Commons.

Answer: True

Gladstone's second ministry was defeated in 1885 when his budget proposal was rejected by the House of Commons by a vote of 252 to 264, leading to his resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • What financial measure led to the second defeat of Gladstone's ministry in 1885?: Gladstone's second ministry was defeated in 1885 when his budget proposal was rejected by the House of Commons by a vote of 252 to 264, leading to his resignation.

The "Three Acres and a Cow" amendment led to the defeat of Lord Salisbury's first ministry in 1886.

Answer: True

Lord Salisbury's first ministry was indeed defeated in 1886 following the passage of Jesse Collings' amendment to the Queen's Speech, commonly known as the 'Three Acres and a Cow' amendment, which advocated for agricultural land reform.

Related Concepts:

  • What amendment, famously known by a slogan, led to the defeat of Lord Salisbury's first ministry in 1886?: The amendment that led to the defeat of Lord Salisbury's first ministry in 1886 is famously associated with the slogan 'Three Acres and a Cow,' advocating for agricultural land reform.

William Gladstone's third ministry resigned in 1886 after Parliament rejected his government's proposals for Irish Home Rule.

Answer: True

William Gladstone's third ministry resigned in 1886 after Parliament rejected the government's Ireland Bill, which was treated as a vote of confidence. The bill's defeat led directly to Gladstone's resignation.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the specific issue that led to the third defeat of William Gladstone's ministry in 1886?: William Gladstone's third ministry resigned in 1886 after Parliament rejected the government's Ireland Bill, which was treated as a vote of confidence. The bill's defeat led directly to Gladstone's resignation.

In 1892, Lord Salisbury's second ministry resigned after losing a vote on an amendment to the Queen's Speech.

Answer: True

Lord Salisbury's second ministry resigned in 1892 after the House of Commons passed an amendment to the Queen's Speech, moved by the Liberal Party, which explicitly stated that the government did not command the confidence of the House.

Related Concepts:

  • How did the House of Commons express its lack of confidence in Lord Salisbury's second ministry in 1892?: The House of Commons expressed its lack of confidence in Lord Salisbury's second ministry in 1892 by passing an amendment to the Queen's Speech, which explicitly stated that the government did not command the confidence of the House.

The "Cordite vote" in 1895, which led to the defeat of Lord Rosebery's ministry, concerned what issue?

Answer: True

The 'Cordite vote' in 1895 signified a vote of censure concerning the deficient supply of cordite to the Army, which led to the resignation of Lord Rosebery's government. This event is historically significant as it marked the final instance of a British government with a working majority being defeated on a confidence motion.

Related Concepts:

  • What specific issue related to military supplies led to the defeat of Lord Rosebery's ministry in 1895, and what was its significance?: The 'Cordite vote' in 1895 signified a vote of censure concerning the deficient supply of cordite to the Army, which led to the resignation of Lord Rosebery's government. This event is historically significant as it marked the final instance of a British government with a working majority being defeated on a confidence motion.

The 20th Century: From War to Modernity (1914-1979)

Stanley Baldwin's government was defeated in January 1924 because it lost a vote of no confidence moved by a coalition of Labour and Liberal parties.

Answer: True

Stanley Baldwin's government was defeated in January 1924 following a hung Parliament after the 1923 election. The Labour and Liberal parties united to pass a vote of no confidence, leading to Baldwin's resignation and the formation of the first Labour government.

Related Concepts:

  • What was the political context of the 1924 vote of no confidence that led to the downfall of Stanley Baldwin's government?: The political context of the 1924 vote of no confidence that led to Stanley Baldwin's downfall was a hung Parliament following the 1923 general election. The combined opposition of the Labour and Liberal parties successfully passed the motion, leading to the formation of the first Labour government.
  • What was the specific wording of the motion of no confidence passed against Stanley Baldwin's government in January 1924?: The motion of no confidence against Stanley Baldwin's government in January 1924, moved by J. R. Clynes, stated: 'But it is our duty respectfully to submit to your Majesty that Your Majesty's present advisers have not the confidence of this House.'

Ramsay MacDonald's first government fell in 1924 after a motion to investigate the withdrawal of proceedings in the Campbell Case was passed.

Answer: True

Ramsay MacDonald's first government was defeated in 1924 following the withdrawal of criminal proceedings in the Campbell Case. The government treated an alternative motion for a Select Committee to investigate this withdrawal as a vote of confidence, which its passage defeated.

Related Concepts:

  • What controversy surrounding legal proceedings led to the defeat of Ramsay MacDonald's first government in 1924?: Ramsay MacDonald's first government was defeated in 1924 following the withdrawal of criminal proceedings in the Campbell Case. The government treated an alternative motion for a Select Committee to investigate this withdrawal as a vote of confidence, which its passage defeated.
  • What was the significance of the vote against Ramsay MacDonald's government in October 1924, beyond the immediate political outcome?: The vote against Ramsay MacDonald's government in October 1924, which led to a general election and the ascent of the Conservatives, had the significant long-term consequence of permanently establishing the Labour Party as the principal opposition, displacing the Liberal Party.

James Callaghan's Labour government was defeated in March 1979 by a single vote.

Answer: True

James Callaghan's Labour government was defeated in March 1979 by a margin of just one vote in the House of Commons, with the final tally being 311 votes in favor of the no-confidence motion and 310 against.

Related Concepts:

  • By how many votes was James Callaghan's Labour government defeated in the March 1979 vote of no confidence?: James Callaghan's Labour government was defeated in the March 1979 vote of no confidence by a margin of a single vote, with the final tally being 311 votes in favor of the motion and 310 against.

Analysis of Confidence Votes: Trends and Mechanisms

What is the total number of successful votes of no confidence recorded against British governments since 1742, according to the source?

Answer: 24

According to the provided source material, there have been a total of 24 successful votes of no confidence recorded against British governments since the initial instance in 1742.

Related Concepts:

  • What is the total number of successful votes of no confidence recorded against British governments since the first in 1742?: Since the inaugural successful vote of no confidence in 1742 against Robert Walpole's administration, a total of 24 instances have been recorded where British governments have lost the confidence of the House of Commons.

Which British government experienced the most recent successful vote of no confidence, and when did it occur?

Answer: James Callaghan's government in 1979

The most recent successful vote of no confidence occurred in March 1979 against the Labour government under James Callaghan. This parliamentary defeat necessitated a general election that resulted in a victory for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party.

Related Concepts:

  • Which British government experienced the most recent successful vote of no confidence, and what was the outcome?: The most recent successful vote of no confidence occurred in March 1979 against the Labour government under James Callaghan. This parliamentary defeat necessitated a general election, which resulted in a victory for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party.

What historical period saw the longest interval between successful votes of no confidence in British governments?

Answer: Between 1924 and 1979

The longest interval between successful votes of no confidence in British governments was observed between the defeat of the Baldwin ministry in 1924 and the defeat of the Callaghan ministry in 1979.

Related Concepts:

  • What historical period saw the longest interval between successful votes of no confidence in British governments?: The longest interval between successful votes of no confidence in British governments was observed between the defeat of the Baldwin ministry in 1924 and the defeat of the Callaghan ministry in 1979.

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