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Mary of Hungary's parents were Stephen V of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary's parents were Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Cuman. Maria Laskarina was her paternal grandmother.
Mary of Hungary's mother, Elizabeth the Cuman, was of Cuman descent and initially practiced Shamanism before converting to Catholicism.
Answer: True
Elizabeth the Cuman, Mary of Hungary's mother, was of Cuman origin and practiced Shamanism. She converted to Catholicism to marry Stephen V of Hungary.
Mary of Hungary had five siblings, including two sisters who became Queens of Serbia and a brother named Ladislaus IV.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary was one of six children. Her sisters Elizabeth and Catherine became Queens of Serbia, and her brother was Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
Mary of Hungary's paternal grandparents were Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary's paternal grandparents were King Béla IV of Hungary, a significant king of the Árpád dynasty, and his wife Maria Laskarina.
Mary of Hungary's maternal grandparents included Kőten, a Cuman leader, and an identified mother from a Hungarian noble family.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary's maternal grandparents are believed to have included Kőten, a leader of a Cuman tribe, and an unidentified mother. The mother's family was not identified as Hungarian nobility.
Mary of Hungary married Charles II of Naples in 1270 when she was 12 years old.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary married Charles II of Naples on August 6, 1270, at the age of 12.
The marriage of Mary of Hungary to Charles II of Naples was primarily intended to secure peace with the Byzantine Empire.
Answer: False
The marriage was intended to forge an alliance between Naples and Hungary to support Naples' planned military campaign against the Byzantine Empire.
Mary of Hungary's maternal lineage was significant because her mother, Elizabeth the Cuman, was a key figure in consolidating Hungarian-Neapolitan alliances.
Answer: False
While Mary's maternal lineage was significant due to her mother's Cuman heritage and conversion, it was Mary's paternal lineage, the Árpád dynasty, that was central to her claim to the Hungarian throne and the subsequent alliances.
What was the significance of the Árpád dynasty in Mary of Hungary's life?
Answer: It was her paternal lineage, central to her claim to the Hungarian throne.
Mary of Hungary belonged to the Árpád dynasty through her father, Stephen V of Hungary. This lineage was crucial for establishing her claim to the Hungarian throne.
Mary of Hungary belonged to the Babonić dynasty through her father.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary belonged to the Árpád dynasty through her father, Stephen V of Hungary, not the Babonić dynasty.
Who were the parents of Mary of Hungary?
Answer: Stephen V of Hungary and Elizabeth the Cuman
Mary of Hungary's parents were Stephen V of Hungary, a member of the Árpád dynasty, and Elizabeth the Cuman.
What was the ethnic and religious background of Mary of Hungary's mother, Elizabeth the Cuman?
Answer: Cuman descent, practicing Shamanism (Pagan)
Elizabeth the Cuman, Mary of Hungary's mother, was of Cuman descent and initially practiced Shamanism before converting to Catholicism.
At what age did Mary of Hungary marry Charles II of Naples?
Answer: 12 years old
Mary of Hungary married Charles II of Naples in 1270 when she was 12 years old.
What was the primary strategic purpose of Mary of Hungary's marriage to Charles II of Naples?
Answer: To forge an alliance supporting Naples' campaign to conquer Byzantium.
The marriage was intended to create a dual alliance between the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Hungary, primarily to support Naples' planned military campaign against the Byzantine Empire.
What was the significance of Mary of Hungary's maternal lineage in relation to her mother's religion?
Answer: Her mother's Cuman heritage and Shamanist religion required conversion to Catholicism for marriage.
Mary of Hungary's mother, Elizabeth the Cuman, practiced Shamanism. Her conversion to Catholicism was a prerequisite for her marriage to Stephen V of Hungary, highlighting the cultural and religious context of the time.
Mary of Hungary first engaged in political action by securing the release of Beatrice of Hohenstaufen while her husband Charles II was captive.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary's first recorded political act occurred in 1284 when she secured the release of Beatrice of Hohenstaufen, an Aragonese prisoner, during her husband Charles II's captivity.
Mary of Hungary served as regent only once, in Naples from 1295 to 1296.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary served as regent multiple times. She was regent in Provence (1290-1294) and in Naples during several periods, including 1295-1296, 1296-1298, and 1302.
In 1288, Mary of Hungary was involved in negotiations for her husband's release and helped establish a peace treaty with Aragon.
Answer: True
In 1288, Mary of Hungary participated in negotiations for her husband Charles II's release from captivity and contributed to the establishment of a peace treaty with Aragon.
Mary provided refuge in Naples for her sister Elisabeth and her son after they fled France.
Answer: False
Mary provided refuge in Naples for her sister Elisabeth and her son after they fled Bohemia, not France. Elisabeth's husband had been executed in Bohemia.
Mary of Hungary last served as regent of Naples in 1308.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary's last period of regency in Naples was in 1302, not 1308.
What was Mary of Hungary's first recorded political act?
Answer: Securing the release of Beatrice of Hohenstaufen during Charles II's captivity.
Mary of Hungary's first documented political action was in 1284 when she arranged for the release of Beatrice of Hohenstaufen, an Aragonese prisoner, during her husband Charles II's captivity.
Which of the following was NOT a period when Mary of Hungary served as regent?
Answer: Naples (1302-1304)
Mary of Hungary served as regent in Provence (1290-1294) and Naples (1295-1296, 1296-1298, and 1302), but not during the period of 1302-1304.
In what year did Mary of Hungary last serve as regent of Naples?
Answer: 1302
Mary of Hungary's final term as regent of Naples concluded in 1302.
After fleeing Bohemia, Mary's sister Elisabeth found refuge in Naples and eventually remarried which Serbian ruler?
Answer: Stefan Uroš II Milutin
Mary of Hungary's sister, Elisabeth, found refuge in Naples and later remarried Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia.
The Hungarian succession crisis began in 1290 following the death of Mary's cousin, Andrew III.
Answer: False
The succession crisis began in 1290 with the murder of Mary's brother, Ladislaus IV, who died childless. Andrew III, Mary's cousin, was crowned subsequently.
Andrew III of Hungary, crowned after Ladislaus IV's death, was considered illegitimate by Mary of Hungary due to his father's disputed parentage.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary contested Andrew III's claim, viewing his father, Stephen the Posthumous, as illegitimate due to questions surrounding his parents' marriage and legitimacy.
Mary of Hungary formally asserted her claim to the Hungarian throne in April 1292.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary formally asserted her claim to the Hungarian throne in April 1291, not 1292.
Mary transferred her claim to the Hungarian throne to her son, Charles Martel, in January 1292.
Answer: True
In January 1292, Mary formally transferred her claim to the Hungarian throne to her son, Charles Martel.
The Peace of Hainburg in 1291 concluded a war between Andrew III and Albert of Austria, after which the Kőszegi family shifted allegiance to Mary's party.
Answer: True
The Peace of Hainburg in 1291 ended the conflict between Andrew III and Albert of Austria. Subsequently, the Kőszegi family altered their allegiance, supporting Mary's claim.
The Kőszegi family's rebellion in 1292 against Andrew III supported Mary's claim, leading to Andrew's temporary imprisonment.
Answer: True
In 1292, the Kőszegi family rebelled against Andrew III, advocating for Charles Martel's claim and subsequently imprisoning Andrew III.
Mary of Hungary's claim to the Hungarian throne was strengthened by her sisters Elizabeth and Catherine, who also had legitimate claims.
Answer: True
Mary's sisters, Elizabeth and Catherine, also possessed claims to the Hungarian throne, which potentially bolstered Mary's position or complicated the succession landscape.
What was the reported stance of Stefan Dragutin, husband of Mary's sister Catherine, regarding the Hungarian succession?
Answer: He was willing to support Mary and her son Charles Martel.
Stefan Dragutin, married to Mary's sister Catherine, reportedly indicated a willingness to support Mary and her son Charles Martel's claim to the Hungarian throne.
Andrew III of Hungary died in 1301 in Buda Castle.
Answer: True
Andrew III of Hungary, the rival claimant, died on January 14, 1301, within Buda Castle.
What event triggered the succession crisis in Hungary in 1290?
Answer: The murder of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
The Hungarian succession crisis was initiated in 1290 by the murder of King Ladislaus IV, Mary's brother, who died without heirs.
Why did Mary of Hungary object to Andrew III's claim to the Hungarian throne?
Answer: Because she believed Andrew III's father, Stephen the Posthumous, was illegitimate.
Mary of Hungary contested Andrew III's claim, arguing that his father, Stephen the Posthumous, was illegitimate due to questions surrounding the legitimacy of Stephen's parents' marriage.
To whom and when did Mary of Hungary transfer her claim to the Hungarian throne?
Answer: To her son Charles Martel in January 1292.
In January 1292, Mary of Hungary transferred her claim to the Hungarian throne to her son, Charles Martel, who was then 18 years old.
What significant action did the Kőszegi family take in 1292 regarding the Hungarian succession?
Answer: They rebelled against Andrew III, supporting Charles Martel, and later imprisoned Andrew.
In 1292, the Kőszegi family rebelled against Andrew III, backing Charles Martel's claim and subsequently imprisoning Andrew III.
Where did Andrew III of Hungary, the rival claimant, die in 1301?
Answer: Buda Castle
Andrew III of Hungary died in Buda Castle in 1301, ending his reign and the direct male line of the Árpád dynasty.
A coalition of Hungarian lords, including the Babonići, Kőszegis, and Csáks, encouraged Charles II of Naples to send Charles Robert to Hungary.
Answer: True
Several Hungarian noble families, including the Babonići, Kőszegis, and Csáks, urged Charles II of Naples to dispatch their grandson, Charles Robert, to claim the Hungarian throne.
Charles Robert first arrived in Hungary in August 1300, landing in Dubrovnik.
Answer: False
Charles Robert first arrived in Hungary in August 1300, disembarking in Split, not Dubrovnik.
Charles Robert's initial bid for the Hungarian throne failed partly because Pope Boniface VIII did not support his venture.
Answer: True
Charles Robert's initial attempt to claim the Hungarian throne was unsuccessful, partly due to the lack of support from Pope Boniface VIII and the reconciliation of key Hungarian nobles with Andrew III.
Charles Robert's initial coronation in Esztergom was considered unlawful because it used the Holy Crown of Hungary.
Answer: False
Charles Robert's initial coronation in Esztergom was considered unlawful because it utilized a provisional crown, not the Holy Crown of Hungary, which was required by custom.
Charles Robert was officially proclaimed king at the Diet in Pest on November 27, 1308, and crowned in Székesfehérvár on August 27, 1310.
Answer: True
Charles Robert was officially proclaimed king at the Diet in Pest on November 27, 1308, and subsequently crowned in Székesfehérvár on August 27, 1310.
Pope Nicholas IV supported Andrew III's claim to the Hungarian throne against Mary's son.
Answer: False
Pope Nicholas IV supported Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's son, as the titular King of Hungary, rather than Andrew III.
Which Pope supported Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's son, as the titular King of Hungary?
Answer: Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas IV recognized and supported Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's son, as the titular King of Hungary.
After Charles Martel's death, Pope Nicholas IV confirmed Mary of Hungary's sole rights to the Hungarian throne.
Answer: True
Following the death of Charles Martel, Pope Nicholas IV confirmed Mary of Hungary's exclusive rights to the Hungarian throne on August 30, 1295.
Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's son and claimant to the Hungarian throne, died of illness in Naples in 1295.
Answer: False
Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's son and claimant to the Hungarian throne, died of the plague in Naples in 1295, not from general illness.
Charles Martel, Mary's eldest son, held the title of titular King of Hungary.
Answer: True
Charles Martel, Mary of Hungary's eldest son, was recognized as the titular King of Hungary following his mother's claim.
Where did Charles Robert first disembark in Hungary in August 1300 to pursue his claim to the throne?
Answer: Split
Charles Robert first arrived in Hungary in August 1300 by disembarking in Split to assert his claim to the throne.
Charles Robert's initial bid for the Hungarian throne failed partly because Pope Boniface VIII did not support his venture.
Answer: The reconciliation of the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák with Andrew III.
Charles Robert's initial attempt to claim the Hungarian throne was hindered by factors including the reconciliation of key nobles with Andrew III and the lack of support from Pope Boniface VIII.
Why was Charles Robert's initial coronation in Esztergom considered unlawful by many Hungarians?
Answer: It used a provisional crown instead of the Holy Crown of Hungary.
The initial coronation of Charles Robert in Esztergom was deemed unlawful by many Hungarians because it did not employ the Holy Crown of Hungary, which was essential for a legitimate coronation according to tradition.
When was Charles Robert officially proclaimed and crowned in Székesfehérvár?
Answer: Proclaimed Nov 1308, Crowned Aug 1310
Charles Robert was officially proclaimed king on November 27, 1308, and crowned in Székesfehérvár on August 27, 1310.
Mary of Hungary's husband, Charles II of Naples, died in 1309.
Answer: True
Charles II of Naples, husband of Mary of Hungary, passed away in May 1309.
After 1302, Mary of Hungary retired from state affairs and focused on religious activities, including financing convents.
Answer: True
Following a decline in her influence over state affairs after 1302, Mary of Hungary dedicated her later years to religious pursuits, such as supporting convents and churches.
Mary of Hungary died in Naples on March 25, 1323, and is buried in Santa Maria Donna Regina.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary died in Naples on March 25, 1323, and her final resting place is the Santa Maria Donna Regina in Naples.
Mary of Hungary and Charles II of Naples had a total of twelve children.
Answer: False
Mary of Hungary and Charles II of Naples had a total of fourteen children.
Louis, one of Mary's sons, became Bishop of Toulouse and was later canonized.
Answer: True
Louis, a son of Mary of Hungary, served as the Bishop of Toulouse and was subsequently canonized for his piety and service.
Blanche, a daughter of Mary of Hungary, married James II of Aragon and became Queen of Aragon.
Answer: True
Blanche, a daughter of Mary of Hungary, married James II of Aragon, thereby becoming Queen of Aragon.
Eleanor, another daughter, married Frederick III of Sicily and became Queen of Sicily.
Answer: True
Eleanor, another daughter of Mary of Hungary, married Frederick III of Sicily and assumed the title of Queen of Sicily.
Philip I, a son of Mary, held titles including Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and was the titular Emperor of Constantinople.
Answer: True
Philip I, one of Mary of Hungary's sons, held significant titles such as Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and was also the titular Emperor of Constantinople.
Mary of Hungary is featured as a character in Maurice Druon's historical novel series *The Accursed Kings*.
Answer: True
Mary of Hungary is indeed a character within Maurice Druon's acclaimed historical novel series, *The Accursed Kings* (*Les Rois maudits*).
Denise Grey portrayed Mary of Hungary in the 2005 French television adaptation of *Les Rois maudits*.
Answer: False
Denise Grey portrayed Mary of Hungary in the 1972 French television adaptation of *Les Rois maudits*. Line Renaud played the role in the 2005 adaptation.
Line Renaud portrayed Mary of Hungary in the 1972 French television adaptation of *Les Rois maudits*.
Answer: False
Line Renaud portrayed Mary of Hungary in the 2005 French television adaptation of *Les Rois maudits*. Denise Grey played the role in the 1972 adaptation.
The caption 'Queen Mary from the Bible of Naples' refers to an illustration of Mary of Hungary within a historical manuscript.
Answer: True
The caption 'Queen Mary from the Bible of Naples' indicates an illustration of Queen Mary found within the historical manuscript known as the Bible of Naples.
The image caption 'Mary's tomb in Naples' indicates her burial place was in the Santa Maria Donna Regina.
Answer: True
The caption 'Mary's tomb in Naples' refers to her burial site, which is identified as Santa Maria Donna Regina in Naples.
The caption 'Mary, Charles and their children in Bible of Naples' suggests an illustration depicting Mary of Hungary's family within a specific manuscript.
Answer: True
The caption 'Mary, Charles and their children in Bible of Naples' suggests an illustration within the Bible of Naples that depicts Queen Mary, her husband Charles, and some of their offspring.