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A metropolis is fundamentally defined as a large city or conurbation that serves as a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region.
Answer: True
The fundamental definition of a metropolis emphasizes its role as a primary economic, political, and cultural hub for a broader geographical area, as detailed in the source material.
A large city that is part of a broader urban agglomeration but not its core is generally considered a metropolis itself.
Answer: False
A metropolis typically holds a central, dominant role within an urban agglomeration. A large city that is merely a component of a larger metropolitan area, rather than its core, is generally not classified as a metropolis independently.
The common English plural of 'metropolis' is 'metropoleis', reflecting its Greek origin.
Answer: False
The common English plural form of 'metropolis' is 'metropolises'. While 'metropoleis' is the Greek plural, and 'metropoles' is the Latin plural, 'metropolises' is the standard in contemporary English.
The concept of a 'regiopolis' was introduced in Germany in 2006 to describe urban areas outside traditional metropolitan areas that generate regional attraction.
Answer: True
The 'regiopolis' concept, or 'regio', was indeed introduced by German urban and regional planning researchers in 2006 to categorize urban areas that, despite being outside traditional metropolitan zones, exert significant regional attraction.
The word 'metropolis' originates from Latin, combining terms for 'large' and 'city'.
Answer: False
The word 'metropolis' originates from Greek, specifically from 'mētēr' (mother) and 'pólis' (city or town), not from Latin terms for 'large' and 'city'.
In ancient Greek colonization, 'metropolis' was used by colonies to refer to their original founding cities, maintaining important connections.
Answer: True
The term 'metropolis' in ancient Greek colonization indeed referred to the 'mother cities' from which colonies originated, signifying enduring cultic, political, and cultural ties.
In post-classical Latin, 'metropolis' exclusively referred to the seat of a metropolitan bishop, not a chief city of a province.
Answer: False
In post-classical Latin, 'metropolis' referred to both the chief city of a province (as a governmental seat) and the seat of a metropolitan bishop, not exclusively the latter.
In a colonial context, 'metropolis' referred to the 'mother city' from which settlers were dispatched to form a colony.
Answer: True
In a colonial context, 'metropolis' accurately designated the 'mother city' that dispatched settlers to establish a new colony, highlighting the origin of the colonial enterprise.
The modern, generalized meaning of 'metropolis' in English, describing any large, important city, first appeared in the 18th century.
Answer: False
The word 'metropolis' first appeared in Middle English around the 14th century, and its generalized modern meaning evolved from that point, not specifically in the 18th century.
The term 'metropolis' began to describe a large secular city starting with 16th-century London.
Answer: True
The application of 'metropolis' to describe a large secular city indeed commenced with 16th-century London, marking a significant shift from its earlier religious or colonial connotations.
Until the 19th century, London largely monopolized the secular usage of the term 'metropolis' due to its significant cultural influence.
Answer: True
London's profound cultural influence meant that until the 19th century, the secular use of 'metropolis' was predominantly associated with London, rarely applied to other cities.
Modern ideas of a metropolis strictly define it as a single city exclusively dominating its surroundings, rather than polycentric regions.
Answer: False
Modern understandings of a metropolis have evolved to include 'polycentric' urban regions, where multiple cities function as integrated economic centers, moving beyond the strict definition of a single dominant city.
What is a fundamental characteristic of a metropolis?
Answer: It serves as a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region.
A fundamental characteristic of a metropolis is its role as a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, serving as a vital urban hub.
How does a metropolis typically relate to a larger urban agglomeration?
Answer: It is generally not considered a metropolis if it's not the core of that agglomeration.
A metropolis typically serves as the core of a larger urban agglomeration. A large city within such an agglomeration, if not its core, is generally not considered a metropolis itself.
Which of the following is the common English plural form of 'metropolis'?
Answer: Metropolises
The common English plural form of 'metropolis' is 'metropolises'. While 'metropoleis' is the Greek plural, 'metropolises' is standard in English.
When and where was the concept of a 'regiopolis' introduced?
Answer: In Germany in 2006
The concept of a 'regiopolis' was introduced in Germany in 2006 by urban and regional planning researchers.
From which language does the word 'metropolis' primarily originate?
Answer: Greek
The word 'metropolis' primarily originates from Greek, combining 'mētēr' (mother) and 'pólis' (city or town).
In ancient Greek colonization, what did the term 'metropolis' signify?
Answer: The original founding city of a colony.
In ancient Greek colonization, 'metropolis' signified the original founding city of a colony, maintaining important cultic, political, and cultural connections.
In post-classical Latin, 'metropolis' was used to refer to which of the following?
Answer: Both the chief city of a province and the seat of a metropolitan bishop.
In post-classical Latin, 'metropolis' referred to both the chief city of a province and the seat of a metropolitan bishop.
In a colonial context, what did 'metropolis' refer to?
Answer: The 'mother city' from which settlers were dispatched.
In a colonial context, 'metropolis' referred to the 'mother city' from which settlers were dispatched to form a colony.
When did the word 'metropolis' first appear in Middle English?
Answer: Around the 14th century
The word 'metropolis' first appeared in Middle English around the 14th century.
When did the term 'metropolis' begin to be used to describe a large secular city, specifically referencing London?
Answer: 16th-century
The term 'metropolis' began to describe a large secular city, specifically referencing London, starting in the 16th century.
What was unique about London's influence on the term 'metropolis' until the 19th century?
Answer: It largely monopolized the term's secular usage.
Until the 19th century, London largely monopolized the secular usage of the term 'metropolis' due to its significant cultural influence, rarely being applied to other cities.
How has the modern understanding of a metropolis evolved regarding urban growth?
Answer: It has shifted to include 'polycentric' urban regions with multiple functioning economic centers.
The modern understanding of a metropolis has evolved to include 'polycentric' urban regions, where multiple cities function as integrated economic centers, rather than a single dominant city.
In France, 'métropole' refers to the mainland part of the country, excluding its overseas departments.
Answer: True
In France, the term 'métropole' indeed designates the mainland portion of the country, specifically excluding its overseas departments and territories.
The term 'métropole' in France is solely used to distinguish the mainland from overseas departments.
Answer: False
While 'métropole' in France distinguishes the mainland from overseas departments, it also refers to large urban agglomerations as administrative divisions, such as 'La Métropole de Lyon'.
The 2014 law in France created 'régions' as new administrative divisions for groups of communes.
Answer: False
The 2014 law in France created 'métropoles' as new administrative divisions for groups of communes, not 'régions'.
According to Insee, only five urban areas in France are designated as metropolitan areas.
Answer: False
France's national statistics institute, Insee, designates 12 urban areas as metropolitan areas, not just five.
The Rhine-Ruhr region is Germany's largest city by administrative borders.
Answer: False
Berlin is Germany's largest city by administrative borders. The Rhine-Ruhr region is identified as the country's largest metropolitan area, not a single city by administrative borders.
German spatial planning primarily measures a city's importance based on its population size and historical significance.
Answer: False
German spatial planning measures a city's importance using three groups of indicators: decision-making and control, innovation and competition, and gateway functions, rather than primarily population size and historical significance.
Italy established 20 'metropolitan cities' in 2015, primarily in the northern regions.
Answer: False
As of January 1, 2015, Italy established 14 'metropolitan cities', not 20, and they were not primarily in the northern regions but included major cores like Rome and Naples.
The Union of Polish Metropolises was established in 2000 and includes all cities with over 100,000 inhabitants.
Answer: False
The Union of Polish Metropolises was established in 1990, not 2000, and includes twelve largest cities, with eleven having populations greater than 250,000, not all cities over 100,000.
Warsaw is Poland's largest metropolitan area by population, with an initiative called Warsaw United aiming to integrate surrounding towns.
Answer: False
The Katowice metropolitan area is Poland's largest by population. The Metropolis GZM is an initiative to unite the Katowice conurbation, not Warsaw United for Warsaw.
Turkey has 15 metropolitan municipalities, with Ankara being the largest.
Answer: False
Turkey has 30 metropolitan municipalities, not 15, and Istanbul is the largest, not Ankara.
Istanbul's population is just under 10 million, making it one of Europe's largest, but not the largest.
Answer: False
Istanbul's population exceeds 15 million, making it the largest city in Europe by population, not just one of the largest.
Historically, in the United Kingdom, 'the Metropolis' exclusively referred to the cities of London and Westminster.
Answer: True
Historically, in the United Kingdom, 'the Metropolis' indeed exclusively referred to the cities of London and Westminster, which formed the core of what later became the Greater London Built-up Area.
The London City Police is the only police force in the UK that retains the term 'Metropolis' in its name.
Answer: False
The Metropolitan Police, the Greater London police force, retains the term 'Metropolis' in its name, not the London City Police.
The Metropolis Management Act of 1889 created the Metropolitan Board of Works.
Answer: False
The Metropolis Management Act of 1855 established the Metropolitan Board of Works. This board was later replaced by the London County Council in 1889, not created by an 1889 act.
Only three conurbations in England outside London have been designated as 'metropolitan counties' since 1974.
Answer: False
Since 1974, six conurbations in England, outside of London, have been designated as metropolitan counties, not just three.
In France, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, what does 'metropolis' (or its equivalent) often designate?
Answer: The mainland part of a country situated on or near the European mainland.
In these European countries, 'metropolis' or its equivalent often designates the mainland part of the country, distinguishing it from overseas departments or territories.
Besides designating the mainland, how else is 'métropole' used in France?
Answer: To refer to a large urban agglomeration as an administrative division.
In France, 'métropole' also refers to a large urban agglomeration as an administrative division, such as 'La Métropole de Lyon'.
What administrative division was created in France by a 2014 law for groups of communes?
Answer: A 'métropole'
A 2014 law in France created the administrative division known as a 'métropole' for groups of communes, allowing for greater cooperation and autonomy.
Which of the following cities is designated as a metropolitan area by France's Insee?
Answer: Paris
France's national statistics institute, Insee, designates 12 urban areas as metropolitan areas, including Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Nice. Paris is one of the largest among these designated areas.
What is Germany's largest city by administrative borders, and what is its largest metropolitan area?
Answer: Berlin; Rhine-Ruhr region
Berlin is Germany's largest city by administrative borders, while the Rhine-Ruhr region is the country's largest metropolitan area by population.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three groups of indicators used in German spatial planning to measure a city's importance?
Answer: The historical and cultural heritage function.
German spatial planning measures a city's importance using decision-making and control, innovation and competition, and gateway functions. Historical and cultural heritage is not listed as one of these three primary groups of indicators.
How many 'metropolitan cities' did Italy establish as of January 1, 2015, and what was their demographic impact?
Answer: 14 cities; home to one out of every three Italians.
As of January 1, 2015, Italy established 14 'metropolitan cities', which collectively became home to one out of every three Italians.
When was the 'Union of Polish Metropolises' established?
Answer: 1990
The Union of Polish Metropolises (Unia Metropolii Polskich) was established in 1990.
What is Poland's largest metropolitan area by population, and what initiative aims to unite the Katowice conurbation?
Answer: Katowice; Metropolis GZM
The Katowice metropolitan area is Poland's largest by population, and the Metropolis GZM is an initiative aimed at uniting the Katowice conurbation into a single official urban unit.
What term is used for metropolitan cities in Turkey, and which city is identified as the largest?
Answer: Büyükşehir; Istanbul
In Turkey, metropolitan cities are referred to as 'büyükşehir', with Istanbul identified as the largest among the 30 metropolitan municipalities.
What is a notable global achievement of Istanbul in 2023?
Answer: It surpassed London and Dubai to become the most visited city in the world.
In 2023, Istanbul surpassed London and Dubai to become the most visited city in the world, attracting over 20 million foreign visitors.
Historically, in the United Kingdom, what did 'the Metropolis' exclusively refer to?
Answer: The cities of London and Westminster.
Historically, in the United Kingdom, 'the Metropolis' exclusively referred to the cities of London and Westminster, which formed the core of what later expanded into the Greater London Built-up Area.
Which police force in the United Kingdom still uses the term 'Metropolis' in its official name?
Answer: The Metropolitan Police.
The Metropolitan Police, the Greater London police force, retains the term 'Metropolis' in its official name.
What administrative body was established by the Metropolis Management Act 1855?
Answer: The Metropolitan Board of Works.
The Metropolis Management Act 1855 established the Metropolitan Board of Works, which covered an area now known as Inner London.
How many conurbations in England, outside of London, have been designated as 'metropolitan counties' since 1974?
Answer: Six
Since 1974, six conurbations in England, outside of London, have been designated as 'metropolitan counties'.
The principal metropolis in Brazil is Rio de Janeiro, with a population exceeding 21 million inhabitants.
Answer: False
The principal metropolis in Brazil is identified as the Greater São Paulo area, not Rio de Janeiro, with a population exceeding 21 million inhabitants.
The growth of large metropolises in Brazil, such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, led to the development of favelas.
Answer: True
The rapid expansion of large Brazilian metropolises like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is indeed associated with the development of favelas, or informal settlements, as rural populations migrated to urban centers.
According to Statistics Canada, an urban core must have a population of at least 50,000 inhabitants to be considered a census metropolitan area.
Answer: False
Statistics Canada requires an urban core to have a population of at least 100,000 inhabitants for an area to be designated as a census metropolitan area, not 50,000.
Winnipeg is one of Canada's six largest metropolises as defined by Statistics Canada.
Answer: False
Winnipeg is not listed among Canada's six largest metropolises, which include Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, and Edmonton, according to Statistics Canada.
In the United States, an incorporated area with a population exceeding 50,000 is a de facto standard for a metropolis, requiring a metropolitan planning organization.
Answer: True
In the United States, a population exceeding 50,000 in an incorporated area is indeed a de facto standard for defining a metropolis, necessitating a metropolitan planning organization for infrastructure and financial management.
The U.S. Census Bureau defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as an area containing at least one urbanized area with 100,000 or more inhabitants.
Answer: False
The U.S. Census Bureau defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as an area containing at least one urbanized area with 50,000 or more inhabitants, not 100,000.
Los Angeles is identified as the largest metropolitan area in the United States.
Answer: False
New York is identified as the largest metropolitan area in the United States, not Los Angeles.
Mexico's 2018 criteria define a metropolitan area as a set of two or more municipalities where a city with at least 100,000 inhabitants is located, with urban functions extending beyond municipal limits.
Answer: True
Mexico's CONAPO 2018 criteria accurately define a metropolitan area as a cluster of two or more municipalities centered on a city of at least 100,000 inhabitants, with urban functions extending beyond municipal boundaries and high socioeconomic integration.
Cancún is one of the six largest metropolitan areas in Mexico.
Answer: False
Cancún is not listed among the six largest metropolitan areas in Mexico, which include Mexico City, Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
What is the term for a metropolitan area in Brazilian Portuguese, and which city is identified as the principal metropolis?
Answer: Região Metropolitana; Greater São Paulo
In Brazilian Portuguese, the term for a metropolitan area is 'Região Metropolitana', and Greater São Paulo is identified as the principal metropolis.
What social phenomenon is associated with the growth of large metropolises like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil?
Answer: The development of favelas, or informal settlements.
The growth of large metropolises in Brazil, such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, is associated with the development of favelas, or informal settlements, as rural populations migrated for work.
What is a key criterion for Statistics Canada's definition of a census metropolitan area?
Answer: The urban core must have a population of at least 100,000 inhabitants.
A key criterion for Statistics Canada's definition of a census metropolitan area is that the urban core must have a population of at least 100,000 inhabitants.
Which of the following cities is NOT among Canada's six largest metropolises according to Statistics Canada?
Answer: Winnipeg
Winnipeg is not among Canada's six largest metropolises, which include Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Calgary, and Edmonton.
In the United States, what population threshold is a de facto standard for defining a metropolis, requiring a metropolitan planning organization?
Answer: At least 50,000 inhabitants.
In the United States, a de facto standard for defining a metropolis, which requires a metropolitan planning organization, is an incorporated area with a population exceeding 50,000 inhabitants.
According to the United States Census Bureau, what is a key characteristic of a Metropolitan Statistical Area?
Answer: It must contain at least one urbanized area with 50,000 or more inhabitants.
The United States Census Bureau defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as an area containing at least one urbanized area with 50,000 or more inhabitants.
Which of the following is the largest metropolitan area in the United States?
Answer: New York
New York is identified as the largest metropolitan area in the United States.
According to CONAPO's 2018 criteria, what is a defining characteristic of a metropolitan area in Mexico?
Answer: It is a set of two or more municipalities where a city with at least 100,000 inhabitants is located, with urban functions extending beyond municipal limits.
CONAPO's 2018 criteria define a metropolitan area in Mexico as a set of two or more municipalities where a city with at least 100,000 inhabitants is located, with urban functions extending beyond municipal limits and high socioeconomic integration.
Which of the following is NOT one of the six largest metropolitan areas in Mexico?
Answer: Cancún
Cancún is not listed among the six largest metropolitan areas in Mexico, which include Mexico City, Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla, Toluca, and Tijuana.
The Indian Constitution defines a metropolitan area as having a population of 1 Million or more, comprising one or more districts and multiple municipalities or panchayats.
Answer: True
The 74th Amendment to the Indian Constitution indeed defines a metropolitan area as having a population of 10 Lakh (1 Million) or more, encompassing one or more districts and multiple municipalities or panchayats.
The 2011 Census of India reported 23 cities with populations greater than one million.
Answer: False
The 2011 Census of India reported 46 cities with populations greater than one million, not 23.
Jaipur is listed as one of the largest metropolitan cities in India among the 23 mentioned.
Answer: False
Jaipur is not listed among the prominent metropolitan cities in India mentioned in the source, which include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, and Kochi.
The Japanese legal term 'to' (都) is translated as 'metropolis', and Tokyo is the only such entity in Japan.
Answer: True
The Japanese legal term 'to' (都) is indeed translated as 'metropolis', and Tokyo is the sole entity in Japan designated with this status, functioning more like a prefecture.
In 2020, only 5 Japanese cities besides Tokyo had populations exceeding one million.
Answer: False
As of 2020, Japan had 12 other cities, in addition to Tokyo, with populations greater than one million, not just 5.
The National Economic and Development Authority defines four metropolises in the Philippines, including Quezon City.
Answer: False
The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) defines three metropolises in the Philippines (Manila, Cebu, and Davao), and Quezon City is not among them.
The Greater Manila Area is limited to Metro Manila and the province of Rizal.
Answer: False
The Greater Manila Area encompasses Metro Manila and the neighboring provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal, not just Metro Manila and Rizal.
South Korea has seven special and metropolitan cities that operate at autonomous administrative levels.
Answer: True
South Korea indeed has seven special and metropolitan cities that function with autonomous administrative levels, representing its most populous urban areas.
According to the 2015 census, Suwon is one of the seven special and metropolitan cities in South Korea.
Answer: False
Suwon is not listed among the seven special and metropolitan cities in South Korea according to the 2015 census. These include Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan.
Cities like Goyang, Yongin, and Seongnam are unlikely to be promoted to metropolitan city status in South Korea partly because they are considered satellite cities of Seoul.
Answer: True
The classification of Goyang, Yongin, and Seongnam as satellite cities of Seoul is indeed a contributing factor to their unlikelihood of being promoted to independent metropolitan city status in South Korea, alongside political considerations.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a metropolitan area as any urban center with a population greater than 50,000.
Answer: False
The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a metropolitan area as any statistical division or district with a population exceeding 100,000, not 50,000.
Melbourne is Australia's largest metropolitan area by population according to the 2020 Census.
Answer: False
According to the 2020 Census, Sydney is Australia's largest metropolitan area by urban population, not Melbourne.
Urban development in Melbourne and Geelong is primarily characterized by suburban sprawl rather than high-rise construction.
Answer: False
Urban development in Melbourne and Geelong is characterized by 'Manhattanization', involving the emergence of high-rise clusters, rather than primarily suburban sprawl.
Geelong's growth is significant because it is becoming a major industrial hub, not a regional city.
Answer: False
Geelong's significance stems from its recognition as Australia's fastest-growing regional city, with its growth projected to transform the Port Phillip region, not primarily from becoming a major industrial hub.
According to the 74th Amendment to the Indian Constitution, what is the minimum population for a metropolitan area?
Answer: 10 Lakh (1 Million)
The 74th Amendment to the Indian Constitution specifies a minimum population of 10 Lakh (1 Million) for an area to be defined as a metropolitan area.
How many Indian cities had populations exceeding one million according to the 2011 Census?
Answer: 46
The 2011 Census of India reported 46 cities with populations greater than one million, not 23.
Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the largest metropolitan cities in India?
Answer: Jaipur
Jaipur is not listed among the prominent metropolitan cities in India mentioned in the source, which include Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, and Kochi.
What is the Japanese legal term for 'metropolis', and how many entities are designated as such in Japan?
Answer: To (都); only one entity (Tokyo)
The Japanese legal term for 'metropolis' is 'to' (都), and Tokyo is the only entity designated as such in Japan.
Excluding Tokyo, how many other Japanese cities had populations greater than one million as of 2020?
Answer: 12
As of 2020, 12 other Japanese cities, in addition to Tokyo, had populations exceeding one million.
Which of the following cities is NOT defined as a metropolis in the Philippines by the National Economic and Development Authority?
Answer: Quezon City
Quezon City is not defined as one of the three metropolises (Manila, Cebu, Davao) by the National Economic and Development Authority in the Philippines.
Which of the following provinces is NOT mentioned as part of the Greater Manila Area?
Answer: Pampanga
Pampanga is not mentioned as part of the Greater Manila Area, which includes Metro Manila and the provinces of Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal.
How are special and metropolitan cities structured in South Korea?
Answer: They operate at autonomous administrative levels.
Special and metropolitan cities in South Korea operate at autonomous administrative levels, each with its own local government structure.
Which of the following is listed as one of the seven special and metropolitan cities in South Korea?
Answer: Busan
Busan is listed as one of the seven special and metropolitan cities in South Korea, alongside Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan.
What is one reason why populous South Korean cities like Goyang and Yongin are unlikely to be promoted to metropolitan city status?
Answer: They are considered satellite cities of Seoul.
Populous South Korean cities like Goyang and Yongin are unlikely to be promoted to metropolitan city status partly because they are considered satellite cities of Seoul, alongside political concerns regarding administrative divisions.
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, what is a key criterion for defining a metropolitan area?
Answer: A statistical division or district with a population exceeding 100,000.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics defines a metropolitan area as any statistical division or district with a population exceeding 100,000.
According to the 2020 Census, which city is identified as Australia's largest metropolitan area by urban population?
Answer: Sydney
According to the 2020 Census, Sydney is identified as Australia's largest metropolitan area by urban population.
What urban development trend has been observed in Melbourne, Australia?
Answer: The 'Manhattanization' characterized by high-rise clusters.
Melbourne has experienced 'Manhattanization', characterized by the emergence of high-rise clusters, as part of its rapid urban growth.
What is the significance of Geelong's growth in Australia?
Answer: It is recognized as the fastest-growing regional city in Australia.
Geelong is significant as Australia's fastest-growing regional city, with its growth projected to transform the Port Phillip region similarly to San Francisco's Bay Area.