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Total Categories: 6
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a minor engagement on the Western Front, separate from the broader Hundred Days Offensive.
Answer: False
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a significant part of the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive, not a minor or separate engagement.
The Meuse–Argonne offensive concluded on October 16, 1918, after 20 days of fighting.
Answer: False
The offensive lasted 47 days, from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice on November 11, 1918.
The Meuse River was a crucial geographical feature in the area where the Meuse–Argonne offensive took place.
Answer: True
The Meuse River was indeed a crucial water obstacle on the Western Front and a key geographical feature of the offensive's location.
The Meuse–Argonne offensive resulted in a stalemate, with no significant territorial gains for either side.
Answer: False
The offensive resulted in an Allied victory, with significant territorial gains, contributing to the end of World War I.
The Meuse–Argonne offensive is considered the deadliest campaign in United States Army history due to high casualties and the Spanish flu outbreak.
Answer: True
The offensive is indeed recognized as the deadliest campaign in U.S. Army history, with over 350,000 casualties, exacerbated by the Spanish flu.
For the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), the Meuse–Argonne offensive was the largest and bloodiest operation of the entire war.
Answer: True
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was the largest and bloodiest operation for the AEF, though its overall scale was limited compared to other Western Front battles.
One of the main objectives of the Allied forces was to establish a permanent defensive line along the Meuse River.
Answer: False
The Allied objectives included piercing the Hindenburg Line, advancing deep into German territory, and forcing surrender, not establishing a permanent defensive line.
What was the Meuse–Argonne offensive primarily known as in the broader context of World War I?
Answer: A significant part of the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive.
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a significant component of the broader Hundred Days Offensive, which ultimately led to the end of World War I.
When did the Meuse–Argonne offensive officially conclude?
Answer: November 11, 1918
The Meuse–Argonne offensive concluded on November 11, 1918, with the signing of the Armistice.
Which geographical feature was identified as a crucial water obstacle in the area of the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: The Meuse River
The Meuse River was a crucial water obstacle and a key geographical feature in the region of the offensive.
What was the overall outcome of the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: An Allied victory that contributed to the end of World War I.
The Meuse–Argonne offensive concluded with an Allied victory, playing a significant role in the culmination of World War I.
Which of the following was NOT one of the three main objectives of the Allied forces in the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: To establish a permanent occupation of the Grand Est region of France.
The Allied objectives focused on piercing the Hindenburg Line, disrupting German lines, and forcing surrender, not on establishing a permanent occupation of the Grand Est region.
Siam was one of the Allied nations that participated in the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
Answer: True
Siam, alongside France and the United States, was indeed a belligerent on the Allied side during the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
The total strength of Allied personnel involved in the Meuse–Argonne offensive was approximately 1,000,000.
Answer: False
Approximately 2,000,000 Allied personnel were involved in the Meuse–Argonne offensive, not 1,000,000.
The Siamese Expeditionary Forces suffered 19 wounded during the offensive.
Answer: False
The Siamese Expeditionary Forces suffered 19 dead, not 19 wounded.
German forces captured 874 artillery pieces from the Allies during the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
Answer: False
Allied forces, specifically American and French, captured 874 artillery pieces from the German forces, not the other way around.
The fresh U.S. troops significantly bolstered the Allied offensive and sharply diminished German hopes for victory.
Answer: True
The arrival of fresh, eager U.S. troops significantly bolstered the Allied offensive and diminished German hopes for victory.
All U.S. troops during the Meuse–Argonne battle served exclusively under American command.
Answer: False
Some U.S. troops, such as the Buffalo Soldiers of the 92nd and 93rd Divisions, were attached to and served under French command.
General John J. Pershing commanded the U.S. First Army for the entire duration of the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
Answer: False
General John J. Pershing initially commanded the U.S. First Army, but Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett took command on October 16.
U.S. divisions of the AEF were smaller than other Allied divisions, containing 9 battalions per division.
Answer: False
U.S. divisions were oversized, containing 12 battalions per division, making them up to twice the size of other Allies' battle-depleted divisions.
German divisions opposing the Allies consistently maintained high morale, especially those from the Western front.
Answer: False
German divisions from the Western front had poor morale, while those from the Eastern front had high morale, indicating varied, not consistently high, morale.
Lieutenant General Robert Lee Bullard commanded the U.S. First Army during the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
Answer: False
Lieutenant General Robert Lee Bullard commanded the U.S. *Second* Army, while the U.S. First Army was commanded by General John J. Pershing and later Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett.
Which of the following nations was NOT a belligerent on the Allied side during the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: Great Britain
The Allied belligerents included France, the United States, and Siam. Great Britain is not listed as a direct participant in this specific offensive.
Who was a primary commander for the German forces during the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: Paul von Hindenburg
Paul von Hindenburg was among the primary commanders leading the German forces during the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
Approximately how many Allied personnel were involved in the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: 2,000,000
Approximately 2,000,000 Allied personnel participated in the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
What were the total casualties and losses for the Allied forces in the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: 192,000
The Allied forces sustained a total of 192,000 casualties and losses during the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
How many American lives were lost during the Meuse–Argonne offensive, contributing to it being the deadliest campaign in US Army history?
Answer: 26,277
American forces suffered 26,277 dead, contributing to the offensive's designation as the deadliest campaign in U.S. Army history.
What was the impact of the fresh U.S. troops on German morale during the overall Allied offensive?
Answer: It sharply diminished German hopes for victory.
The arrival of fresh U.S. troops significantly bolstered Allied vigor and sharply diminished German hopes for victory.
Which U.S. divisions, including the Buffalo Soldiers, were sometimes attached to and served under French command during the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: The 92nd and 93rd Divisions
The 92nd and 93rd Divisions, including the Buffalo Soldiers, were sometimes attached to and served under French command during the offensive.
Who took command of the U.S. First Army after General John J. Pershing on October 16?
Answer: Hunter Liggett
Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett assumed command of the U.S. First Army on October 16, succeeding General John J. Pershing.
How did the size of U.S. divisions compare to French-British-German divisions at the start of the offensive?
Answer: U.S. divisions were oversized, with 12 battalions, up to twice the size.
U.S. divisions were significantly larger, containing 12 battalions compared to the 9 battalions of other Allied divisions, making them up to twice the size.
What was the general condition of German divisions opposing the Allied forces during the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: They had only 50 percent or less of their initial strength, with varied morale.
German divisions opposing the Allies were significantly depleted, operating at 50 percent or less of their initial strength, and exhibited varied morale depending on their origin.
The initial artillery barrage on September 26 cost an estimated $1 million per minute, equivalent to approximately $3.5 billion in 2022 dollars.
Answer: True
The initial artillery barrage on September 26 was indeed estimated to cost $1 million per minute, or approximately $3.5 billion in 2022 dollars.
Captain Harry S. Truman, a future U.S. president, led an infantry company during the initial barrage.
Answer: False
Captain Harry S. Truman led one of the artillery groups during the initial barrage, not an infantry company.
On September 26, the American V and III Corps failed to meet their objectives, while the 79th Division successfully captured Montfaucon.
Answer: False
On September 26, the V and III Corps largely met their objectives, but the 79th Division *failed* to capture Montfaucon on that day, only doing so on September 27.
The 35th 'Santa Fe' Division captured the village of Baulny and Hill 218 on September 27.
Answer: True
On September 27, the 35th 'Santa Fe' Division successfully captured the village of Baulny and Hill 218, among other locations.
A German counterattack on September 29 against the 35th Division was successfully repelled by French forces.
Answer: False
The German counterattack on September 29 was repelled by elements of the 35th Division itself, including the 110th Engineers, 128th Machine Gun Battalion, and Harry Truman's Battery D.
General Pershing's decision to halt the American attack on October 1 was widely praised by Allied Generals for its strategic foresight.
Answer: False
General Pershing's decision to halt the attack on October 1 was unpopular among Allied Generals and nearly cost him his command.
What was the approximate cost of the initial artillery barrage on September 26, 1918, per minute?
Answer: $1 million
The initial artillery barrage on September 26, 1918, was estimated to cost $1 million per minute.
Who was a notable future U.S. president involved in leading one of the artillery groups during the initial barrage on September 26?
Answer: Harry S. Truman
Captain Harry S. Truman, who later became a U.S. president, led one of the artillery groups during the initial barrage.
Which American division failed to capture Montfaucon on the initial day of the attack, September 26?
Answer: The 79th Division
On September 26, the 79th Division failed to capture Montfaucon, though it succeeded the following day.
What significant village and hill did the 35th 'Santa Fe' Division capture on September 27?
Answer: Baulny and Hill 218
On September 27, the 35th 'Santa Fe' Division captured the village of Baulny and Hill 218, along with Charpentry.
Which American units were instrumental in repelling the German counterattack against the 35th Division on September 29?
Answer: The 110th Engineers, 128th Machine Gun Battalion, and Harry Truman's Battery D.
The 35th Division's 110th Engineers, 128th Machine Gun Battalion, and Harry Truman's Battery D were crucial in repelling the German counterattack on September 29.
Why did General Pershing order a halt to the American attack on October 1?
Answer: To regroup and reinforce the American lines due to struggles with progress and logistics.
General Pershing halted the attack on October 1 to address significant challenges with progress and logistics, allowing for regrouping and reinforcement.
The 'Lost Battalion' affair was resolved by an attack launched by the 28th and 82nd Divisions on October 7.
Answer: True
The 'Lost Battalion' was indeed rescued by an attack launched by the 28th and 82nd Divisions on October 7.
General Pershing reorganized the AEF and First Army on October 12 by consolidating them into a single, larger command.
Answer: False
Pershing reorganized the AEF and First Army by dividing the First Army into two smaller armies and replacing senior officers, not by consolidating them into a single larger command.
The capture of Côte de Châtillon by the Rainbow Division under Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur was considered a decisive turning point in breaking the German defenses.
Answer: True
The capture of Côte de Châtillon by the Rainbow Division under Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur was indeed considered a decisive turning point in breaking the German defenses.
Corporal Alvin York was famous for capturing 132 German prisoners near Cornay on October 8.
Answer: True
Corporal Alvin York is renowned for capturing 132 German prisoners near Cornay on October 8 during the offensive.
By October 31, American forces had advanced 30 kilometers and reached the Aisne River.
Answer: False
By October 31, American forces had advanced 15 kilometers and cleared the Argonne Forest, while French forces on their left reached the Aisne River.
Which divisions replaced the initial assault divisions at the start of the second phase of the offensive on October 4?
Answer: 32nd, 3rd, and 1st Divisions
The 32nd, 3rd, and 1st Divisions replaced the initial assault divisions at the commencement of the second phase on October 4.
What was the 'Lost Battalion' affair, and which divisions ultimately rescued it?
Answer: An American battalion that was cut off and later rescued by the 28th and 82nd Divisions.
The 'Lost Battalion' refers to an American battalion that became isolated during the offensive and was subsequently rescued by an attack from the 28th and 82nd Divisions.
What was a key change made by General Pershing during the reorganization of the AEF and First Army on October 12?
Answer: He replaced many senior officers, believing they lacked aggression.
During the October 12 reorganization, General Pershing replaced numerous senior officers, citing a perceived lack of aggression.
Which battle was considered the decisive turning point in breaking through the main German defenses (Krimhilde Stellung of the Hindenburg Line) between October 14–17?
Answer: The Battle of Montfaucon
The Battle of Montfaucon, specifically the capture of Côte de Châtillon, was considered the decisive turning point in breaching the Krimhilde Stellung of the Hindenburg Line.
Who commanded the Rainbow Division (42nd Division) during the capture of Côte de Châtillon, a decisive turning point?
Answer: Douglas MacArthur
Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the Rainbow Division (42nd Division) during the pivotal capture of Côte de Châtillon.
What famous act did Corporal Alvin York perform on October 8?
Answer: He captured 132 German prisoners near Cornay.
Corporal Alvin York achieved fame on October 8 by capturing 132 German prisoners near Cornay.
Why did General Liggett allow the First Army to reorganize from October 27 to November 1?
Answer: To train fresh troops, build roads, and ensure sufficient manpower after high casualties.
General Liggett authorized the reorganization to address high casualties, train new troops, and develop infrastructure, ensuring the First Army's continued operational effectiveness.
By October 31, how far had American forces advanced and what natural feature had they cleared?
Answer: 15 kilometers, clearing the Argonne Forest.
By October 31, American forces had advanced 15 kilometers and successfully cleared the Argonne Forest.
In the third phase, the First Army, led by General Liggett, was directed eastward toward Metz.
Answer: False
In the third phase, the First Army, led by General Liggett, moved towards the Carignan-Sedan-Mezieres Railroad, while the *Second* Army, led by Lieutenant General Robert L. Bullard, was directed eastward toward Metz.
American troops captured German defenses at Buzancy, which allowed British troops to cross the River Aisne.
Answer: False
American troops captured German defenses at Buzancy, which allowed *French* troops, not British, to cross the River Aisne.
The French forces conquered Sedan and its critical railroad hub on November 6, their immediate objective in the final days.
Answer: True
French forces successfully conquered Sedan and its critical railroad hub on November 6, achieving their immediate objective.
In the third phase of the offensive, which general led the newly formed Second Army, directed eastward toward Metz?
Answer: Robert L. Bullard
Lieutenant General Robert L. Bullard commanded the newly formed Second Army, which was directed eastward toward Metz during the third phase of the offensive.
What American action directly enabled French troops to cross the River Aisne?
Answer: The capture of German defenses at Buzancy.
The capture of German defenses at Buzancy by American troops directly facilitated the French forces' ability to cross the River Aisne.
What immediate objective did French forces conquer on November 6 in the final days of the offensive?
Answer: Sedan and its critical railroad hub
On November 6, French forces successfully captured Sedan and its vital railroad hub, achieving a key objective in the offensive's final stages.
American forces contributed 380 tanks and 840 planes to the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
Answer: True
American forces were supported by 380 tanks and 840 planes during the offensive.
Colonel George C. Marshall was a German officer who planned the logistical prelude to the Meuse attack.
Answer: False
Colonel George C. Marshall was an American officer who planned the logistical prelude to the Meuse attack, not a German officer.
The Allies provided 2,780 artillery pieces, 380 tanks, and 840 planes for the Meuse–Argonne front, primarily from the French Army.
Answer: True
The Allies provided 2,780 artillery pieces, 380 tanks, and 840 planes for the Meuse–Argonne front, with the French Army being the primary contributor.
How many tanks did American forces contribute to the Meuse–Argonne offensive?
Answer: 380
American forces contributed 380 tanks to the Meuse–Argonne offensive.
What was Colonel George C. Marshall's role in the Meuse attack?
Answer: He planned the logistical prelude to the Meuse attack.
Colonel George C. Marshall was responsible for planning the logistical prelude to the Meuse attack, ensuring the successful movement of American units.
What type of armored support did the 35th Division receive during the offensive?
Answer: Support from the 1st Tank Brigade, including American-crewed Renault FT and French-crewed Schneider tanks.
The 35th Division received armored support from the 1st Tank Brigade, which included both American-crewed Renault FT light tanks and French-crewed Schneider medium tanks.