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MGM Records was established in 1946 by Geoffrey Mill, operating as a subsidiary of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio.
Answer: True
MGM Records was founded in 1946 by Geoffrey Mill, operating under the umbrella of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio.
The primary initial objective for MGM Records was to distribute recordings by independent artists not affiliated with MGM films.
Answer: False
The initial purpose of MGM Records was to release soundtrack recordings, and subsequently LP albums, derived from the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio's musical productions.
The earlier Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Records, established in 1928, manufactured recordings intended for public sale in retail outlets.
Answer: False
The earlier Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Records, originating in 1928, produced recordings of music featured in MGM motion pictures. These recordings were not offered for general public sale but were intended for playback in movie theater lobbies and were manufactured under contract by Columbia Records.
What year was MGM Records founded, and who was its founder?
Answer: 1946, by Geoffrey Mill
MGM Records was founded in 1946 by Geoffrey Mill, operating under the umbrella of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio.
What was the primary initial objective for the establishment of MGM Records?
Answer: To release soundtrack recordings from MGM film studio's musical films.
The initial purpose of MGM Records was to release soundtrack recordings, and subsequently LP albums, derived from the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio's musical productions.
What was the nature of the earlier Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Records, established in 1928?
Answer: They were recordings for movie theater lobby playback, manufactured by Columbia Records.
The earlier Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Records, originating in 1928, produced recordings of music featured in MGM motion pictures. These recordings were not offered for general public sale but were intended for playback in movie theater lobbies and were manufactured under contract by Columbia Records.
Did MGM Records exclusively release soundtracks for films produced by its parent studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer?
Answer: False
MGM Records issued albums for film scores such as *Ben-Hur*, *King of Kings*, *Doctor Zhivago*, *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind* (1967 re-release), and *2001: A Space Odyssey*. Notably, some releases, such as *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, were studio recreations, whereas others, including *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind*, *2001*, and *Doctor Zhivago*, represented genuine soundtracks.
Was the first soundtrack album released by MGM Records for the film *Till the Clouds Roll By*, issued as a set of 10-inch 78-rpm records?
Answer: True
The first soundtrack released by MGM Records was for the 1946 film *Till the Clouds Roll By*, a biopic chronicling the life of composer Jerome Kern. This release marked the first soundtrack album from a live-action film to be issued as a set of four 10-inch 78-rpm records.
Did MGM Records market its soundtrack albums using the slogan "recorded directly from the soundtrack."
Answer: True
MGM Records marketed these albums as 'original cast albums,' analogous to Decca's Broadway show cast recordings. Furthermore, they originated the marketing phrase 'recorded directly from the soundtrack'.
Were soundtrack albums for films such as *The Band Wagon*, *Seven Brides for Seven Brothers*, and *Gigi* among MGM Records' successful releases?
Answer: True
Some of MGM's most commercially successful soundtrack albums were associated with the films *Good News* (1947 version), *Easter Parade*, *Annie Get Your Gun*, *Singin' in the Rain*, *Show Boat* (1951 version), *The Band Wagon*, *Seven Brides for Seven Brothers*, and *Gigi*.
When *The Wizard of Oz* was first televised in 1956, did MGM Records release a soundtrack album for it?
Answer: True
When the 1939 film *The Wizard of Oz* was first broadcast on television in 1956, MGM Records issued a soundtrack album comprising songs and dialogue excerpts recorded directly from the film.
Did MGM Records issue albums for film scores such as *Ben-Hur* and *Doctor Zhivago*, and were these always genuine soundtracks recorded on location?
Answer: False
MGM Records issued albums for film scores such as *Ben-Hur*, *King of Kings*, *Doctor Zhivago*, *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind* (1967 re-release), and *2001: A Space Odyssey*. Notably, some releases, such as *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, were studio recreations, whereas others, including *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind*, *2001*, and *Doctor Zhivago*, represented genuine soundtracks.
Was the soundtrack for *2001: A Space Odyssey* a studio recreation issued by MGM Records?
Answer: False
MGM Records issued albums for film scores such as *Ben-Hur*, *King of Kings*, *Doctor Zhivago*, *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind* (1967 re-release), and *2001: A Space Odyssey*. Notably, some releases, such as *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, were studio recreations, whereas others, including *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind*, *2001*, and *Doctor Zhivago*, represented genuine soundtracks.
For which film produced by Columbia Pictures did MGM Records release the soundtrack?
Answer: Born Free
No, in a notable instance, MGM Records released the highly successful soundtrack album for Columbia Pictures' film *Born Free* (1966).
What format was utilized for the first soundtrack album from a live-action film issued by MGM Records?
Answer: A set of four 10-inch 78-rpm records
The first soundtrack released by MGM Records was for the 1946 film *Till the Clouds Roll By*, a biopic chronicling the life of composer Jerome Kern. This release marked the first soundtrack album from a live-action film to be issued as a set of four 10-inch 78-rpm records.
How did MGM Records market its soundtrack albums?
Answer: As "Recorded Directly from the Soundtrack"
MGM Records marketed these albums as 'original cast albums,' analogous to Decca's Broadway show cast recordings. Furthermore, they originated the marketing phrase 'recorded directly from the soundtrack'.
Which of the following films was not listed as having a highly successful soundtrack album released by MGM Records?
Answer: West Side Story
Some of MGM's most commercially successful soundtrack albums were associated with the films *Good News* (1947 version), *Easter Parade*, *Annie Get Your Gun*, *Singin' in the Rain*, *Show Boat* (1951 version), *The Band Wagon*, *Seven Brides for Seven Brothers*, and *Gigi*. MGM Records also released soundtrack albums for certain non-musical MGM films. On occasion, they also released cast albums for off-Broadway musicals, such as *The Fantasticks* and the 1954 revival of *The Threepenny Opera*.
Which of the following film scores, issued by MGM Records, was a studio recreation rather than a genuine soundtrack?
Answer: Ben-Hur
MGM Records issued albums for film scores such as *Ben-Hur*, *King of Kings*, *Doctor Zhivago*, *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind* (1967 re-release), and *2001: A Space Odyssey*. Notably, some releases, such as *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, were studio recreations, whereas others, including *How the West Was Won*, *Gone With the Wind*, *2001*, and *Doctor Zhivago*, represented genuine soundtracks.
Was the song 'Aba Daba Honeymoon' by Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter the first soundtrack single to reach the Top 10 on the national charts?
Answer: False
'Aba Daba Honeymoon,' performed by Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter in the film *Two Weeks With Love*, became the first soundtrack single to achieve national hit status, selling one million copies and reaching No. 3 on the charts.
Were Connie Francis, Herman's Hermits, and The Animals prominent artists on MGM Records during the rock and roll era?
Answer: True
MGM Records featured numerous hit records by artists including Connie Francis, Herman's Hermits, The Animals, The Cowsills, Lou Christie, The Osmonds, and Jimmy Jones. Joni James and Conway Twitty also achieved success on the rock and roll charts.
Was Joni James's 1958 recording 'There Goes My Heart' the first 45 rpm record released in stereophonic sound by any record company?
Answer: False
Joni James's 1958 recording 'There Goes My Heart' was promoted as the first 45 rpm record released in stereophonic sound by a major record company, narrowly preceding RCA Victor's release of Perry Como's 'Love Makes the World Go 'Round'.
Was Frank Walker, MGM Records' first president, instrumental in signing Elvis Presley to the label?
Answer: False
Frank Walker, MGM Records' first president, was instrumental in the label's country music operations. He discovered and signed Hank Williams, who became a pivotal figure for the label's country music division.
Besides Hank Williams, did notable country artists on MGM Records include Hank Williams Jr., Conway Twitty, and Marie Osmond?
Answer: True
Other notable country artists on MGM Records included Hank Williams Jr., Sheb Wooley, Conway Twitty, Sandy Posey, Marvin Rainwater, Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, Roy Acuff, Carolina Cotton, Jimmy Newman, Mel Tillis, Marie Osmond, Jim Stafford, and C.W. McCall.
Did MGM Records maintain a large and extensive catalog of classical music recordings starting in the 1950s?
Answer: False
Yes, MGM Records offered a modest catalog of classical recordings commencing in 1951, utilizing a unified set of catalog numbers across all genres. An example is catalog number E3711, featuring two Franz Schubert sonatas recorded by Beveridge Webster.
Did the acquisition of Verve Records by MGM Records in December 1960 significantly expand its jazz offerings?
Answer: True
MGM Records acquired Verve Records, a label predominantly focused on jazz, from Norman Granz in December 1960, thereby expanding its roster and genre offerings.
What distinction did the song 'Aba Daba Honeymoon' achieve for MGM Records?
Answer: It was the first soundtrack single to achieve national hit status.
'Aba Daba Honeymoon,' performed by Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter in the film *Two Weeks With Love*, became the first soundtrack single to achieve national hit status, selling one million copies and reaching No. 3 on the charts.
Which artist was not listed as prominent on MGM Records during the rock and roll era?
Answer: Elvis Presley
MGM Records featured numerous hit records by artists including Connie Francis, Herman's Hermits, The Animals, The Cowsills, Lou Christie, The Osmonds, and Jimmy Jones. Joni James and Conway Twitty also achieved success on the rock and roll charts.
What was significant about Joni James's 1958 recording 'There Goes My Heart'?
Answer: It was promoted as the first 45 rpm record in stereophonic sound by a major record company.
Joni James's 1958 recording 'There Goes My Heart' was promoted as the first 45 rpm record released in stereophonic sound by a major record company, narrowly preceding RCA Victor's release of Perry Como's 'Love Makes the World Go 'Round'.
Which legendary country music artist was Frank Walker, MGM Records' first president, instrumental in signing?
Answer: Hank Williams
Frank Walker, MGM Records' first president, was instrumental in the label's country music operations. He discovered and signed Hank Williams, who became a pivotal figure for the label's country music division.
What was the scope of MGM Records' classical music catalog?
Answer: Modest
MGM Records offered a modest catalog of classical recordings commencing in 1951, utilizing a unified set of catalog numbers across all genres. An example is catalog number E3711, featuring two Franz Schubert sonatas recorded by Beveridge Webster.
Did early MGM soundtrack albums suffer from poor sound quality due to the use of advanced magnetic tape recording techniques?
Answer: False
Early soundtrack albums frequently contained only eight selections, necessitating editing and manipulation. Prior to the advent of magnetic tape, producers were compelled to copy segments from playback discs multiple times, resulting in a degradation of sound quality across successive generations. Recordings were also made 'dry' (lacking reverberation) to prevent a hollow sound in large theaters, which consequently led to albums sounding flat and boxy.
Did the adoption of magnetic tape recording in 1950 significantly degrade the sound quality of MGM's LP albums?
Answer: False
By 1950, the refinement of magnetic tape for recording substantially improved the sound quality of long play (LP) albums released from 1951 onward.
Did MGM Records operate its own record manufacturing plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from 1947 until 1972?
Answer: True
MGM Records operated its own record manufacturing plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from 1947 until 1972.
Did the Bloomfield plant primarily press records solely for MGM's own releases?
Answer: False
The Bloomfield plant pressed not only MGM's proprietary records but also a significant volume of sub-contract work for other record companies, including Atlantic Records.
Did MGM's record pressing plant manufacture electrical transcriptions for radio syndication, including shows like *The MGM Theater of the Air*?
Answer: True
For several years during the late 1940s and early 1950s, the MGM record pressing plant manufactured the electrical transcriptions utilized for the distribution of radio shows, such as *The MGM Theater of the Air* and series based on movie properties like *Dr. Kildare* and *Andy Hardy*, to local stations.
Was MGM Records considered a minor record company in the early 1950s due to its lack of manufacturing facilities?
Answer: False
In the early 1950s, MGM Records was regarded as one of the 'major' record companies, alongside Columbia, RCA Victor, Decca/Coral, Capitol, and Mercury, principally due to its ownership of its own manufacturing facilities.
Did MGM Records operate its manufacturing plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey, until the company was sold to PolyGram in 1972?
Answer: True
MGM Records operated its own record manufacturing plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from 1947 until 1972.
Which technical issue plagued early MGM soundtrack albums prior to the adoption of magnetic tape?
Answer: Recordings made 'dry' resulting in flat and boxy-sounding albums.
Early soundtrack albums frequently contained only eight selections, necessitating editing and manipulation. Prior to the advent of magnetic tape, producers were compelled to copy segments from playback discs multiple times, resulting in a degradation of sound quality across successive generations. Recordings were also made 'dry' (lacking reverberation) to prevent a hollow sound in large theaters, which consequently led to albums sounding flat and boxy.
How did the adoption of magnetic tape impact MGM Records' album quality?
Answer: It allowed for improved sound quality on LP albums released from 1951 onwards.
By 1950, the refinement of magnetic tape for recording substantially improved the sound quality of long play (LP) albums released from 1951 onward.
In which location did MGM Records operate its record manufacturing plant?
Answer: Bloomfield, New Jersey
MGM Records operated its own record manufacturing plant in Bloomfield, New Jersey, from 1947 until 1972.
In the early 1950s, MGM Records was considered a "major" record company primarily for which reason?
Answer: It owned its own record manufacturing facilities.
In the early 1950s, MGM Records was regarded as one of the 'major' record companies, alongside Columbia, RCA Victor, Decca/Coral, Capitol, and Mercury, principally due to its ownership of its own manufacturing facilities.
In the 1990s, did Rhino Records reissue longer versions of MGM movie musical albums, including expanded scores for *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*?
Answer: True
In the 1990s, Rhino Records acquired the rights to MGM soundtracks and subsequently reissued extended versions of movie musical albums, including the complete scores for *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, which contained outtakes and virtually all the musical content.
Does Warner Bros. Entertainment currently own the rights to all MGM film soundtracks originally issued by MGM Records?
Answer: False
Warner Bros. Entertainment, via its WaterTower Music unit, currently owns the MGM film soundtracks originally issued by MGM Records. However, the soundtrack for *Born Free* is owned by Sony Music through Madison Gate Records.
Did MGM Records launch the subsidiary Cub Records and acquire Verve Records in the late 1950s?
Answer: False
MGM Records launched the subsidiary Cub Records in the late 1950s and acquired Verve Records, a jazz label, from Norman Granz in December 1960. Additional subsidiaries and distributed labels encompassed Kama Sutra, Ava, Heritage, Lion, Metro, Leo, Hickory, MGM South, Pride, CoBurt, L&R, and Lionel.
Did MGM Records distribute Cameo-Parkway Records in 1967 and also distribute the label division of American International Pictures?
Answer: True
MGM also briefly distributed Cameo-Parkway Records in 1967 and distributed American International Records, the record label division of American International Pictures.
Did MGM Records distribute the German classical label Deutsche Grammophon Records in America from 1962 until 1969?
Answer: True
In 1962, MGM Records commenced distributing the prestigious German classical music label Deutsche Grammophon Records in America. This arrangement persisted until 1969 when Polydor Records established its American office.
Upon its sale to PolyGram in 1972, did MGM Records cease using the MGM name and trademark entirely?
Answer: False
MGM Records was sold to PolyGram in 1972. PolyGram obtained perpetual rights to the 'MGM Records' name and a ten-year license to utilize the MGM trademark and logo as stipulated in the agreement.
Were MGM Records artists and releases absorbed into PolyGram's Polydor Records in 1976?
Answer: True
In 1976, MGM Records and its associated artists were absorbed into PolyGram's Polydor Records. Nevertheless, PolyGram continued to release MGM soundtrack albums and reissues under the MGM Records imprint until 1982.
Was MGM unable to reclaim the rights to the MGM Records trademark after PolyGram abandoned the trademark?
Answer: False
When PolyGram relinquished the MGM Records trademark, MGM successfully reclaimed its rights to the trademark in 1997.
Is the MGM Records pop music catalog currently managed by Universal Music Group Nashville?
Answer: False
The MGM Records catalog is currently divided: the pop music catalog is managed by Universal Music Enterprises (under the Polydor imprint), the musical theater catalog is released by Decca Broadway, and the country music catalog is managed by Universal Music Group Nashville. The majority of soundtracks are owned by Warner Bros. Entertainment via WaterTower Music.
Did MGM Music, formed in 1986, primarily focus on licensing music for television commercials?
Answer: False
MGM Music was established in 1986 to license music for which MGM holds the rights, with a primary focus on licensing soundtracks. It manages the music and music publishing rights for MGM films from 1986 onward, as well as for United Artists and Orion films.
Did Frank Zappa regain control of his MGM/Verve recordings in mid-1977 after extensive negotiations?
Answer: True
Frank Zappa regained control of his MGM/Verve recordings in mid-1977 following two years of negotiations. He subsequently licensed these recordings to Rykodisc starting in 1987, and in 2012, his catalog was licensed to Universal Music Enterprises.
Was the 'Leo' label used by MGM Records for budget albums?
Answer: False
The 'Leo' label was utilized by MGM Records for children's records.
Was the Lovin' Spoonful associated with the Kama Sutra label, which was distributed by MGM Records?
Answer: True
The Lovin' Spoonful and Sopwith Camel were artists associated with the Kama Sutra label, a label distributed by MGM Records.
Was the MGM Animation/Visual Arts unit focused on managing MGM's television channels?
Answer: False
MGM Animation/Visual Arts was a former unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, dedicated to animation and visual effects production, and is listed among the company's defunct units.
Was the 'MGM HD' unit likely related to the company's high-definition television broadcasting efforts?
Answer: False
MGM HD was a former unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, likely associated with high-definition television broadcasting or content, and is listed among the company's defunct units.
Was the 'Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation' unit a defunct television network?
Answer: False
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation was a former animation studio or division of MGM, and it is listed among the company's defunct units.
Is the soundtrack for *Born Free* currently owned by Warner Bros. Entertainment?
Answer: False
Warner Bros. Entertainment, via its WaterTower Music unit, currently owns the MGM film soundtracks originally issued by MGM Records. However, the soundtrack for *Born Free* is owned by Sony Music through Madison Gate Records.
Did MGM Records distribute American International Records, the label division of American International Pictures, whose film library is now owned by MGM?
Answer: True
MGM Records distributed American International Records, which constituted the record label division of American International Pictures, a company whose film library is now owned by MGM.
Was the 'Lion' label used by MGM Records exclusively for children's records?
Answer: False
The 'Metro' and 'Lion' labels were utilized by MGM Records for budget albums.
Did MGM Records acquire Verve Records in December 1960 from its founder, Norman Granz?
Answer: True
MGM Records acquired Verve Records, a label predominantly focused on jazz, from Norman Granz in December 1960, thereby expanding its roster and genre offerings.
Was the 'MGM Camera 65' unit related to the company's high-definition television broadcasting efforts?
Answer: False
MGM Camera 65 was a former unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, likely associated with its widescreen film production processes, and is listed among the company's defunct units.
Was the 'The Works (TV network)' unit responsible for licensing music for MGM films?
Answer: False
The Works was a former television network associated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and it is listed among the company's defunct units.
Was the 'MGM South' label primarily used for distributing classical music recordings?
Answer: False
MGM Records offered a modest catalog of classical recordings commencing in 1951, utilizing a unified set of catalog numbers across all genres. An example is catalog number E3711, featuring two Franz Schubert sonatas recorded by Beveridge Webster.
Were the 'Metro' and 'Lion' labels used by MGM Records for budget albums?
Answer: True
The 'Metro' and 'Lion' labels were utilized by MGM Records for budget albums.
Who obtained the rights to reissue longer versions of MGM soundtracks, including expanded scores for *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, in the 1990s?
Answer: Rhino Records
In the 1990s, Rhino Records acquired the rights to MGM soundtracks and subsequently reissued extended versions of movie musical albums, including the complete scores for *Ben-Hur* and *King of Kings*, which contained outtakes and virtually all the musical content.
Which entity currently possesses the soundtrack rights for the film *Born Free*?
Answer: Sony Music via Madison Gate Records
Warner Bros. Entertainment, via its WaterTower Music unit, currently owns the MGM film soundtracks originally issued by MGM Records. However, the soundtrack for *Born Free* is owned by Sony Music through Madison Gate Records.
Which jazz label did MGM Records acquire in December 1960?
Answer: Verve Records
MGM Records acquired Verve Records, a label predominantly focused on jazz, from Norman Granz in December 1960, thereby expanding its roster and genre offerings.
Which of the following was a subsidiary label launched by MGM Records in the late 1950s?
Answer: Cub Records
MGM Records launched the subsidiary Cub Records in the late 1950s and acquired Verve Records, a jazz label, from Norman Granz in December 1960. Additional subsidiaries and distributed labels encompassed Kama Sutra, Ava, Heritage, Lion, Metro, Leo, Hickory, MGM South, Pride, CoBurt, L&R, and Lionel.
Which of the following labels was distributed by MGM Records?
Answer: Cameo-Parkway Records
MGM also briefly distributed Cameo-Parkway Records in 1967 and distributed American International Records, the record label division of American International Pictures.
From which country did the prestigious classical music label distributed by MGM Records originate?
Answer: Germany
In 1962, MGM Records commenced distributing the prestigious German classical music label Deutsche Grammophon Records in America. This arrangement persisted until 1969 when Polydor Records established its American office.
When MGM Records was sold to PolyGram in 1972, what rights did PolyGram receive concerning the MGM name and trademark?
Answer: Perpetual rights to the name and a ten-year license for the trademark/logo.
MGM Records was sold to PolyGram in 1972. PolyGram obtained perpetual rights to the 'MGM Records' name and a ten-year license to utilize the MGM trademark and logo as stipulated in the agreement.
In what year were MGM Records artists and releases absorbed into PolyGram's Polydor Records?
Answer: 1976
In 1976, MGM Records and its associated artists were absorbed into PolyGram's Polydor Records. Nevertheless, PolyGram continued to release MGM soundtrack albums and reissues under the MGM Records imprint until 1982.
What transpired regarding the MGM Records trademark rights in 1997?
Answer: MGM reclaimed its rights after PolyGram abandoned the trademark.
When PolyGram relinquished the MGM Records trademark, MGM successfully reclaimed its rights to the trademark in 1997.
According to the source material, which entity currently manages the country music catalog of MGM Records?
Answer: Universal Music Group Nashville
The MGM Records catalog is currently divided: the pop music catalog is managed by Universal Music Enterprises (under the Polydor imprint), the musical theater catalog is released by Decca Broadway, and the country music catalog is managed by Universal Music Group Nashville. The majority of soundtracks are owned by Warner Bros. Entertainment via WaterTower Music.
What was the primary function of MGM Music, established in 1986?
Answer: To license music for which MGM owns the rights, focusing on soundtracks.
MGM Music was established in 1986 to license music for which MGM holds the rights, with a primary focus on licensing soundtracks. It manages the music and music publishing rights for MGM films from 1986 onward, as well as for United Artists and Orion films.
Which of the following artists was associated with the Kama Sutra label, which was distributed by MGM Records?
Answer: The Lovin' Spoonful
The Lovin' Spoonful and Sopwith Camel were artists associated with the Kama Sutra label, a label distributed by MGM Records.
The source notes that Frank Zappa licensed his MGM/Verve recordings to Rykodisc starting in 1987. In 2012, to which company was his catalog licensed?
Answer: Universal Music Enterprises
Frank Zappa regained control of his MGM/Verve recordings in mid-1977 following two years of negotiations. He subsequently licensed these recordings to Rykodisc starting in 1987, and in 2012, his catalog was licensed to Universal Music Enterprises.