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Ochlocracy is primarily defined as a legitimate form of democratic government where the masses hold power.
Answer: False
The term 'ochlocracy' is fundamentally a pejorative descriptor, denoting an oppressive form of majoritarian rule characterized by the intimidation of authorities by the masses, rather than a legitimate democratic government that upholds a civil process for the entire populace.
The term 'ochlocracy' originates from the Ancient Greek words 'okhlos' meaning 'rule' and 'kratos' meaning 'mass'.
Answer: False
The etymological derivation of 'ochlocracy' correctly identifies the Greek roots 'okhlos' (mass/mob) and 'kratos' (rule). However, the statement incorrectly assigns 'rule' to 'okhlos' and 'mass' to 'kratos'; the correct assignment is 'okhlos' for mass/mob and 'kratos' for rule.
The term 'ochlos' in ancient Greek referred to a single ruler or king.
Answer: False
In Ancient Greek, the term 'okhlos' referred to the mass, the mob, or the common people, not to a single ruler or king.
The classification of ochlocracy can be found under 'Democracy' in the 'Basic forms of government' sidebar.
Answer: True
The classification of ochlocracy appears under 'Democracy' in the 'Basic forms of government' sidebar, but it is also listed under 'Authoritarian and totalitarian forms', reflecting its complex categorization.
The Greek root 'kratos' signifies 'mob' or 'mass' in the context of ochlocracy.
Answer: False
In the context of 'ochlocracy', the Greek root 'kratos' signifies 'rule' or 'power', not 'mob' or 'mass'. That meaning is conveyed by 'okhlos'.
An 'ochlocrat' is an individual who opposes the concept of rule by the mob.
Answer: False
An 'ochlocrat' is defined not as an opponent, but as an individual who advocates for or supports the concept of ochlocracy, i.e., rule by the mob.
The primary distinction between ochlocracy and democracy is the presence of a civil process representing the entire population.
Answer: True
The fundamental distinction between ochlocracy and legitimate democracy lies in the presence of a civil process that represents the entire population; ochlocracy is characterized by its absence or impairment, often involving intimidation.
What is the fundamental definition of ochlocracy as presented in the source?
Answer: An oppressive form of majoritarian rule by the common people through intimidation.
Ochlocracy is fundamentally defined as an oppressive, majoritarian form of government wherein the common people exert control through the intimidation of authorities, lacking a proper civil process representative of the entire populace.
Which ancient Greek words form the etymological basis of 'ochlocracy'?
Answer: Okhlos (mass/mob) and Kratos (rule)
The term 'ochlocracy' is etymologically derived from the Ancient Greek words 'okhlos', signifying 'mass' or 'mob', and 'kratos', signifying 'rule' or 'power'.
How does ochlocracy fundamentally differ from democracy according to the text?
Answer: Ochlocracy is oppressive and lacks a civil process reflecting the entire populace, unlike legitimate democracy.
Ochlocracy fundamentally differs from legitimate democracy by being an oppressive, majoritarian form of rule driven by the intimidation of the masses, lacking a civil process that represents the entire populace.
What does the Greek root 'kratos' signify in the context of 'ochlocracy'?
Answer: Rule or power
In the context of 'ochlocracy', the Greek root 'kratos' signifies 'rule' or 'power'.
What is an 'ochlocrat' according to the definition provided?
Answer: An advocate or supporter of ochlocracy.
An 'ochlocrat' is defined as an individual who is an advocate or partisan of ochlocracy, meaning they support or promote rule by the mob.
What does the adjectival form 'ochlocratic' describe?
Answer: Something related to or characteristic of ochlocracy (rule by the mob).
The adjective 'ochlocratic' is used to describe something that is related to or characteristic of ochlocracy, the concept of rule by the mob.
The classification of ochlocracy is also listed under which other category in the 'Basic forms of government' sidebar?
Answer: Authoritarian and totalitarian forms
In addition to being classified under 'Democracy', ochlocracy is also listed under 'Authoritarian and totalitarian forms' in the 'Basic forms of government' sidebar.
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes ochlocracy from legitimate democracy, according to the introduction?
Answer: The intimidation of authorities by the common people
The introduction distinguishes ochlocracy from legitimate democracy by its primary characteristic: the intimidation of authorities by the common people, which is absent in a properly functioning democracy.
Polybius, a Greek historian, is credited with coining the term 'ochlocracy' in the 2nd century BC.
Answer: True
The Greek historian Polybius is indeed credited with coining the term 'ochlocracy' in his seminal work, 'Histories', during the 2nd century BC.
According to ancient Greek political thinkers, tyranny, oligarchy, and ochlocracy were considered the three good forms of government.
Answer: False
Ancient Greek political thinkers classified tyranny, oligarchy, and ochlocracy as the *deviant* or *corrupt* forms of government, contrasting them with the 'good' forms of monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
Aristotle believed that all forms of democracy would eventually lead to ochlocracy.
Answer: False
Aristotle posited that certain forms of democracy, specifically those that disregard the rule of law, could degenerate into ochlocracy, indicating a potential pathway from popular rule to mob rule under specific conditions.
Plato considered ochlocracy to be a degraded form of government and frequently used the term in his writings.
Answer: False
While Plato viewed democracy as a degraded form of government, the specific term 'ochlocracy' does not appear in his extant writings.
The Talmud contains references to the word 'ochlos', using it to denote a mob or populace.
Answer: True
The Talmud does indeed contain numerous references to the word 'ochlos', employing it to signify a mob, populace, or even an armed guard.
Ancient Greek thinkers believed good governments served the exclusive interests of a ruling group.
Answer: False
Ancient Greek thinkers differentiated good governments from bad ones based on whether they served the interests of the entire community (good) or only the exclusive interests of a ruling group or individual (bad).
Who is credited with first using the term 'ochlocracy', and in which work?
Answer: Polybius, in 'Histories'
The Greek historian Polybius is credited with coining the term 'ochlocracy' in his work 'Histories' during the 2nd century BC.
In the classification of governments by ancient Greek thinkers, which set represents the three good forms?
Answer: Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy
According to ancient Greek political thinkers, the three good forms of government were monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy, distinguished by their service to the common good.
What was Plato's view on democracy, and did he use the term ochlocracy?
Answer: He considered democracy a degraded form, and the term ochlocracy does not appear in his works.
Plato regarded democracy as a degraded form of governance. Notably, the specific term 'ochlocracy' is not found within his known writings.
How did Aristotle suggest democracy could degenerate into ochlocracy?
Answer: By disregarding the rule of law.
Aristotle suggested that democracy could degenerate into ochlocracy when democratic systems failed to uphold the rule of law, indicating that a disregard for legal principles could lead to mob rule.
What is the core difference between good and bad governments according to ancient Greek thinkers?
Answer: Whether the government serves the whole community or only a select group.
Ancient Greek thinkers differentiated good governments from bad ones based on whether they served the interests of the entire community (good) or only the exclusive interests of a ruling group or individual (bad).
The word 'ochlos' appears in the Talmud, where it can refer to:
Answer: A mob, populace, or armed guard
The term 'ochlos' appears in the Talmud and can refer to a mob, the general populace, or even an armed guard.
The term 'mobocracy' was first used in the 17th century, derived from the Latin phrase 'mobile vulgus'.
Answer: False
The term 'mobocracy' emerged in the 18th century, not the 17th, and is derived from the Latin phrase 'mobile vulgus', which translates to 'the fickle crowd'.
The English word 'ochlocracy' was first recorded in the 16th century.
Answer: True
The English term 'ochlocracy' was first recorded in the 16th century, specifically in the year 1584.
The word 'mob' came into general use in England during the reign of Queen Victoria.
Answer: False
The word 'mob' entered general usage in England during the reign of Queen Anne (1702-1714), not during the Victorian era.
The term 'ochlocracy' was derived into English directly from Ancient Greek without an intermediate language.
Answer: False
The English term 'ochlocracy' was not derived directly from Ancient Greek but rather entered English via the French word 'ochlocratie', which was in use by 1568.
The term 'mobocracy' emerged in the 18th century from which Latin phrase?
Answer: Mobile Vulgus (Fickle Crowd)
The term 'mobocracy' emerged in the 18th century and is derived from the Latin phrase 'mobile vulgus', which translates to 'the fickle crowd'.
The term 'ochlocracy' was first recorded in English in which year?
Answer: 1584
The English term 'ochlocracy' was first recorded in the year 1584.
The phrase 'mobile vulgus' from which the term 'mobocracy' is derived, translates to:
Answer: The fickle crowd
The Latin phrase 'mobile vulgus', from which the term 'mobocracy' is derived, translates to 'the fickle crowd'.
Public order in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries was characterized by strong police enforcement and minimal public disturbances.
Answer: False
Contrary to the statement, public order in England during the late 17th and early 18th centuries was notably disorderly, marked by frequent riots and a general absence of effective police enforcement.
The phrase 'His Majesty, King Mob' was associated with the French Revolution.
Answer: False
The phrase 'His Majesty, King Mob' was associated not with the French Revolution, but with the Gordon Riots in London, specifically proclaimed on the wall of Newgate prison after inmates were freed by the mob.
The Salem Witch Trials are cited as a historical example where collective belief superseded legal logic, resembling mob rule.
Answer: True
The Salem Witch Trials of the 1690s are frequently cited as a historical instance where collective hysteria and belief among townspeople demonstrably overshadowed legal reasoning, thereby exemplifying characteristics of mob rule.
Abraham Lincoln expressed concerns about the increasing respect for law and order in the United States in 1837.
Answer: False
In 1837, Abraham Lincoln expressed profound concern not about increasing respect for law and order, but rather about a growing disregard for legal processes, noting a tendency to substitute passionate impulses and mob actions for judicial judgment.
Mob violence was a minor factor in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement.
Answer: False
Mob violence was not a minor factor but a significant and recurring element in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement, leading to numerous violent confrontations and expulsions.
Brigham Young advocated for peaceful negotiation in an 1857 speech regarding conflicts.
Answer: False
In an 1857 speech, Brigham Young did not advocate for peaceful negotiation but rather called for military action against individuals he characterized as 'mobocrats', indicating a stance against perceived enemies.
The image caption for the Omaha, Nebraska incident depicts a lynching carried out by a white mob in 1919.
Answer: True
The image caption for the Omaha, Nebraska incident accurately depicts a lynching perpetrated by a white mob in 1919, occurring during the period known as the Red Summer.
The image depicting the mob attacking Joseph Foullon de Doué illustrates an event from the American Civil War.
Answer: False
The image depicting the mob attacking Joseph Foullon de Doué illustrates an event from the French Revolution in 1789, not the American Civil War.
Which historical event involved inmates being freed by the mob, leading to the proclamation 'His Majesty, King Mob'?
Answer: The Gordon Riots in London
The Gordon Riots in London saw inmates freed by the mob, leading to the proclamation 'His Majesty, King Mob' on the wall of Newgate prison.
What historical period in England is described as particularly disorderly with frequent riots?
Answer: The late 17th and early 18th centuries
The period spanning the late 17th and early 18th centuries in England is characterized in the text as particularly disorderly, marked by frequent riots and a general lack of public order.
Which of the following is cited as an example of mob rule where collective belief overshadowed law?
Answer: The Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials are cited as a historical instance where the collective belief of the community superseded legal logic, thereby resembling mob rule.
What concern did Abraham Lincoln voice in 1837 regarding public behavior and law?
Answer: An increasing disregard for law, favoring passionate impulses and mobs.
In 1837, Abraham Lincoln expressed concern over an increasing disregard for law, noting a tendency for passionate impulses and mob actions to supplant the sober judgment of courts.
The image caption for the Omaha, Nebraska incident in 1919 relates to which historical context?
Answer: The Red Summer, marked by racial violence
The image caption for the Omaha, Nebraska incident in 1919 relates to the historical context of the Red Summer, a period marked by widespread racial violence and lynchings.
Which historical movement experienced significant mob violence, including expulsions and massacres?
Answer: The Latter Day Saint movement
The early history of the Latter Day Saint movement was marked by significant mob violence, resulting in expulsions and massacres.
Which historical figure is associated with the phrase 'His Majesty, King Mob' during the Gordon Riots?
Answer: The inmates of Newgate prison
The phrase 'His Majesty, King Mob' was proclaimed by the inmates of Newgate prison during the Gordon Riots, signifying their liberation by the mob.
The rule of law is presented as a definitive mechanism for protecting minority rights against the majority in a democracy.
Answer: False
The text suggests that the rule of law's efficacy in protecting minority rights within a democracy is questionable, as laws are ultimately established by the majority, potentially allowing for the suppression of minority interests.
Jasmin Hasanović links the rise of ochlocracy in modern Western societies to the perceived decline of democracy in neoliberal contexts.
Answer: True
Scholar Jasmin Hasanović posits a connection between the emergence of ochlocracy in contemporary Western societies and a perceived decline in democratic vitality within neoliberal frameworks.
Ochlocracy and the 'tyranny of the majority' are unrelated concepts.
Answer: False
Ochlocracy and the concept of the 'tyranny of the majority' are closely related, as both describe scenarios where the collective will of the majority, often driven by passion or coercion, can override established legal frameworks or the rights of minority groups.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett authored the book 'Mob Rule in New Orleans'.
Answer: True
The investigative journalist and activist Ida B. Wells-Barnett is indeed the author of the significant work 'Mob Rule in New Orleans'.
Cancel culture is mentioned as a concept distinct from and unrelated to mob rule.
Answer: False
Cancel culture is mentioned in relation to mob rule, suggesting a potential connection rather than being distinct and unrelated.
The concept of mob rule is closely linked to the idea of the 'tyranny of the majority'.
Answer: True
The concept of mob rule is indeed closely linked to the idea of the 'tyranny of the majority', as both describe scenarios where the collective will of the majority can lead to oppressive outcomes.
According to the text, how can the threat of mob rule be mitigated in a democracy?
Answer: By ensuring the rule of law protects individuals from demagoguery or panic.
The threat of mob rule within a democracy can be mitigated by establishing and upholding the rule of law, which serves to protect individuals from the potentially detrimental effects of short-term demagoguery or widespread panic.
The book 'American Ochlocracy: Black Lives Matter & Mob Rule' explores the connection between which movement and mob rule?
Answer: The Black Lives Matter Movement
The book 'American Ochlocracy: Black Lives Matter & Mob Rule' by Ronald T. Libby examines the relationship between the Black Lives Matter movement and the concept of mob rule within the American context.
Which of the following is listed as a related topic to mob rule in the 'See also' section?
Answer: Vigilantism
The 'See also' section lists 'Vigilantism' as a concept related to mob rule, alongside other topics such as tyranny of the majority and crowd psychology.