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Total Categories: 6
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland consisted of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Bechuanaland.
Answer: False
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland comprised Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland. Bechuanaland Protectorate was not part of the Federation.
The modern-day country of Zambia was historically known as Northern Rhodesia within the Federation.
Answer: True
Northern Rhodesia, one of the constituent territories of the Federation, is the modern-day nation of Zambia.
The Federation was established under a British Act of Parliament in 1953, which mandated a review conference between 1960 and 1962.
Answer: True
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was formally established by a British Act of Parliament in 1953, which included provisions for a constitutional review conference to be held between 1960 and 1962.
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was established as a self-governing dominion from its inception.
Answer: False
The Federation was established as a political entity under British oversight, not as a self-governing dominion from its inception.
The British and Federal governments agreed in 1957 to hold a Federal Review Conference in 1960.
Answer: True
An agreement was reached between the British and Federal governments in 1957 to convene a Federal Review Conference in 1960 to discuss the future of the Federation.
Which of the following territories was NOT part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland?
Answer: Bechuanaland
The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland comprised Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, and Nyasaland. Bechuanaland Protectorate was not included in the Federation.
Which modern-day country corresponds to Northern Rhodesia?
Answer: Zambia
Northern Rhodesia, a territory within the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, is known today as the country of Zambia.
The Monckton Commission was officially known as the Advisory Commission for the Review of the Constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Answer: True
The official designation of the commission was the Advisory Commission for the Review of the Constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, established to examine the future of the Federation.
The Monckton Commission was established in 1955 by the British government.
Answer: False
The Monckton Commission was established by the British government in 1960, not 1955, to review the constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Walter Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, served as the chairman of the commission.
Answer: True
Walter Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, presided over the commission as its chairman.
The Monckton Commission was composed of 20 members, representing six different interest groups.
Answer: True
The commission comprised 20 members, appointed to represent six distinct interest groups within the Federation and the United Kingdom.
Elspeth Huxley was one of the UK representatives on the Monckton Commission.
Answer: True
Elspeth Huxley was among the representatives appointed from the United Kingdom to serve on the Monckton Commission.
Hezekiah Habanyama was appointed to represent Nyasaland on the commission.
Answer: False
Hezekiah Habanyama was appointed as a representative for the Federation itself, not specifically for Nyasaland. The Nyasaland representatives were Henry Chikuse, Edward Gondwe, and Gerald Hadlow.
Simon Segola was one of the appointed representatives for Southern Rhodesia.
Answer: True
Simon Segola, alongside Hugh Beadle and Geoffrey Ellman-Brown, was appointed as a representative for Southern Rhodesia on the commission.
Lawrence Katilungu represented Nyasaland on the commission.
Answer: False
Lawrence Katilungu was appointed as a representative for Northern Rhodesia, not Nyasaland.
Gerald Hadlow was appointed to represent Nyasaland on the Monckton Commission.
Answer: True
Gerald Hadlow was one of the three members appointed to represent Nyasaland on the commission.
Donald Creighton and Frank Menzies were Commonwealth representatives on the commission.
Answer: True
Donald Creighton and Frank Menzies were appointed to the Monckton Commission specifically as representatives from the Commonwealth.
The Monckton Commission's terms of reference were broad, leading to full participation by all major political groups.
Answer: False
The Monckton Commission operated under limited terms of reference, which contributed to a boycott by certain political groups, including black nationalists.
Black nationalists in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia participated fully in the Monckton Commission's tour.
Answer: False
Black nationalists in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, along with the UK Labour Party, boycotted the Monckton Commission's tour, indicating a lack of full participation.
What was the official name of the Monckton Commission?
Answer: The Advisory Commission for the Review of the Constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
The commission was officially designated as the Advisory Commission for the Review of the Constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
In what year was the Monckton Commission established by the British government?
Answer: 1960
The Monckton Commission was established by the British government in 1960 to review the constitution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Who chaired the Monckton Commission?
Answer: Walter Monckton, 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley
The commission was chaired by Walter Monckton, who held the title of 1st Viscount Monckton of Brenchley.
How many members were appointed to the Monckton Commission?
Answer: 20
The Monckton Commission was composed of 20 appointed members.
Who served as the vice-chairman of the Monckton Commission?
Answer: Donald MacGillivray
Donald MacGillivray served as the vice-chairman of the Monckton Commission.
Who were the appointed representatives for Southern Rhodesia on the commission?
Answer: Hugh Beadle, Geoffrey Ellman-Brown, Simon Segola
Hugh Beadle, Geoffrey Ellman-Brown, and Simon Segola were appointed as the representatives for Southern Rhodesia on the Monckton Commission.
Which territory did Lawrence Katilungu represent on the Monckton Commission?
Answer: Northern Rhodesia
Lawrence Katilungu was appointed as one of the representatives for Northern Rhodesia on the Monckton Commission.
Donald Creighton and Frank Menzies were appointed to the commission as representatives from which group?
Answer: The Commonwealth
Donald Creighton and Frank Menzies served as representatives appointed from the Commonwealth to the Monckton Commission.
Which group boycotted the Monckton Commission's tour according to the source?
Answer: The UK Labour Party and black nationalists
The tour of the Monckton Commission was boycotted by the UK Labour Party and by black nationalists from both Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia.
The primary goal of the Monckton Commission was to dissolve the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland immediately.
Answer: False
The commission's primary mandate was to review the constitution and assess the future of the Federation, not to engineer its immediate dissolution.
The Monckton Commission concluded that the Federation could only be sustained through the use of force or significant constitutional reforms.
Answer: True
A key conclusion of the commission was that the Federation's survival was contingent upon either the application of force or the implementation of substantial constitutional reforms.
The report of the Monckton Commission was released in November 1960.
Answer: False
The report of the Monckton Commission was officially released in October 1960.
The Monckton Commission observed widespread opposition to the Federation in the two northern territories during its February 1960 tour.
Answer: True
During its February 1960 tour, the commission documented widespread and sincere opposition to the Federation within both Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
The Commission believed the Federation could survive without significant devolution of powers and increased rights for black Africans.
Answer: False
The Commission concluded that the Federation could not survive without significant devolution of powers, increased voting rights for black Africans, and a reduction in racial discrimination.
The British government rejected the recommendations of the Monckton Commission's report.
Answer: False
Contrary to rejection, the British government broadly accepted the recommendations presented in the Monckton Commission's report.
The Monckton Commission's report signaled increased British support for maintaining the Federation.
Answer: False
The report signaled a withdrawal of British support for the Federation, indicating a shift towards accepting the principle of early majority rule in the constituent territories.
The British government's broad acceptance of the Monckton report marked a move towards facilitating the independence of constituent territories.
Answer: True
The British government's broad acceptance of the Monckton Commission's report signified a policy shift towards facilitating the eventual independence of the Federation's constituent territories.
The British government was disappointed by the Monckton report because it found the Federation to be strong and viable.
Answer: False
The British government was disappointed by the report, not because it found the Federation strong, but because the report detailed widespread opposition and recommended significant changes, contrary to the government's initial hopes.
The Monckton Commission's tour in February 1960 was significant because it revealed widespread opposition to the Federation in the northern territories.
Answer: True
The commission's February 1960 tour was a pivotal moment, as it uncovered substantial and widespread opposition to the Federation within both Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
What was a primary conclusion of the Monckton Commission regarding the Federation's sustainability?
Answer: It could not be sustained without significant changes or the use of force.
The commission concluded that the Federation could not be sustained without substantial constitutional reforms or the application of force.
When was the report of the Monckton Commission officially released?
Answer: October 1960
The official report of the Monckton Commission was released in October 1960.
What key observation did the Monckton Commission make during its tour in February 1960?
Answer: Widespread opposition to the Federation in the northern territories.
During its February 1960 tour, the commission observed widespread and sincere opposition to the Federation within the northern territories.
According to the commission, what was necessary for the Federation to survive?
Answer: Devolution of powers, increased voting rights for Africans, and reduced discrimination.
The commission determined that the Federation's survival necessitated a significant devolution of powers, enhanced voting rights for Africans, and a reduction in racial discrimination.
How did the British government respond to the Monckton Commission's report?
Answer: They broadly accepted its recommendations.
The British government broadly accepted the recommendations put forth in the Monckton Commission's report.
The commission recommended that Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia should have the option to secede from the Federation after ten years.
Answer: False
The commission recommended that Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia should have the option to secede from the Federation after five years, not ten.
The Monckton Commission recommended that the British government should retain the right to permit the secession of the northern territories.
Answer: True
A significant recommendation was that the British government should retain the authority to permit the secession of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland from the Federation.
The Federal Review Conference began in London on December 5, 1960.
Answer: True
The conference convened to review the Federal Constitution commenced its proceedings in London on December 5, 1960.
The Federal talks were suspended in December 1960 to allow for discussions on the future of Southern Rhodesia only.
Answer: False
The Federal talks were suspended in December 1960 to facilitate separate discussions concerning the constitutional developments in both Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, not solely Southern Rhodesia.
Hastings Banda walked out of the Federal Review Conference on December 12, 1960.
Answer: True
Hastings Banda withdrew from the Federal Review Conference on December 12, 1960, citing dissatisfaction with the proceedings.
The constitutional talks held until February 1961 successfully produced a workable solution for Northern Rhodesia.
Answer: False
The constitutional talks that concluded in February 1961 did not yield a workable solution for Northern Rhodesia's future political structure.
What constitutional change did the commission propose for the legislatures of Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia?
Answer: Establishment of a majority of black African members.
The commission proposed the establishment of legislatures with a majority of black African members in both Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia.
What future option did the Monckton Commission recommend for Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia?
Answer: The option to leave the Federation after five years.
The commission recommended that Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia be granted the option to secede from the Federation after a period of five years.
What crucial right did the Monckton Commission recommend the British government retain?
Answer: The right to permit secession of the northern territories.
The commission recommended that the British government retain the crucial right to permit the secession of the northern territories from the Federation.
The Federal Review Conference began in London on December 5, 1960. Why were the talks suspended shortly after?
Answer: To allow for separate discussions on constitutional developments in two constituent territories.
The Federal Review Conference was suspended shortly after its commencement to permit separate discussions regarding the constitutional developments within Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
Black nationalist opinion supported the Monckton Commission's report because it advocated for continued federation.
Answer: False
Black nationalist opinion largely opposed the report, as their primary objective was the complete dissolution of the Federation and the establishment of independent, black-majority-ruled states.
Iain Macleod, the British Colonial Secretary, released Hastings Banda from detention in April 1960.
Answer: True
In April 1960, the British Colonial Secretary, Iain Macleod, ordered the release of Hastings Banda from detention, initiating constitutional discussions.
The Malawi Congress Party was formed in 1959 as a successor to the Nyasaland African Congress.
Answer: True
The Malawi Congress Party was established in 1959, succeeding the banned Nyasaland African Congress and becoming a key political force.
The overwhelming victory of the Malawi Congress Party in August 1961 made it inevitable that Nyasaland would leave the Federation.
Answer: True
The decisive electoral success achieved by the Malawi Congress Party in August 1961 rendered Nyasaland's eventual departure from the Federation a foregone conclusion.
Joshua Nkomo indicated that the African majority in Southern Rhodesia desired continued federation without majority rule.
Answer: False
Joshua Nkomo conveyed that the African majority in Southern Rhodesia sought majority rule within their territory, rather than continued federation under existing conditions.
Sir Robert Armitage, Governor of Nyasaland, supported Iain Macleod's actions regarding Hastings Banda.
Answer: False
Sir Robert Armitage, the Governor of Nyasaland, opposed the actions taken by Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod concerning the release of Hastings Banda and subsequent negotiations.
Why did black nationalist opinion oppose the Monckton Commission's report?
Answer: It aimed for the complete dissolution of the Federation and independent states.
Black nationalist opinion opposed the report primarily because it did not advocate for the complete dissolution of the Federation and the immediate establishment of independent states.
Who did the British Colonial Secretary, Iain Macleod, release from detention in April 1960?
Answer: Hastings Banda
In April 1960, the British Colonial Secretary, Iain Macleod, ordered the release of Hastings Banda from detention.
What political party, led by Hastings Banda, succeeded the banned Nyasaland African Congress?
Answer: Malawi Congress Party
The Malawi Congress Party was formed in 1959 as the successor organization to the banned Nyasaland African Congress, with Hastings Banda as its leader.
What significant electoral success did the Malawi Congress Party achieve in August 1961?
Answer: An overwhelming victory, paving the way for independence preparations.
The Malawi Congress Party secured an overwhelming victory in the August 1961 elections, which subsequently facilitated preparations for Nyasaland's independence.
What did Joshua Nkomo convey about the aspirations of the African majority in Southern Rhodesia?
Answer: They sought majority rule within their territory.
Joshua Nkomo communicated that the African majority in Southern Rhodesia aspired to achieve majority rule within their own territory.
The state of emergency in Nyasaland was lifted in July 1960.
Answer: False
The state of emergency that had been imposed in Nyasaland was officially lifted on June 16, 1960, not in July.
Nyasaland achieved independence on July 6, 1964, and is now known as Malawi.
Answer: True
Nyasaland attained its independence on July 6, 1964, and subsequently became known as the Republic of Malawi.
When was the state of emergency in Nyasaland lifted?
Answer: June 16, 1960
The state of emergency that had been imposed in Nyasaland was officially lifted on June 16, 1960.
On what date did Nyasaland achieve independence and become Malawi?
Answer: July 6, 1964
Nyasaland achieved its independence on July 6, 1964, and subsequently became known as Malawi.