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The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is situated within St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City State.
Answer: True
The monument is indeed located within St. Peter's Basilica, a significant religious edifice in Vatican City State.
The renowned Italian sculptor Antonio Canova was responsible for creating the monument.
Answer: True
Antonio Canova, a highly celebrated Italian sculptor of his era, was commissioned to design and sculpt the Monument to the Royal Stuarts.
The monument is primarily constructed from polished granite.
Answer: False
The monument is primarily constructed from marble, not granite.
The monument is designed in the shape of a complete, traditional obelisk.
Answer: False
The monument is designed in the form of a truncated obelisk, meaning its apex is cut off.
The monument features full-body statues of the three Stuart princes.
Answer: False
The monument features bas-relief profile portraits of the three Stuart princes, not full-body statues.
The weeping angels symbolize the enduring strength and divine favor of the Stuart family.
Answer: False
The weeping angels depicted on the monument symbolize the lost hopes and aspirations of the exiled Stuart family, rather than their enduring strength or divine favor.
The monument is situated in the central nave of St. Peter's Basilica.
Answer: False
The monument is located in the left aisle of St. Peter's Basilica, positioned opposite the entrance used by visitors descending from the dome and roof, not in the central nave.
Where is the Monument to the Royal Stuarts located?
Answer: St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City State
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is prominently situated within St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City State.
Who was the artist commissioned to sculpt the Monument to the Royal Stuarts?
Answer: Antonio Canova
The monument was sculpted by Antonio Canova, who was one of the most celebrated Italian artists of his time.
What is the primary material used in the construction of the Monument to the Royal Stuarts?
Answer: Marble
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is primarily constructed from marble.
What is the architectural form of the Monument to the Royal Stuarts?
Answer: A truncated obelisk
The monument is designed in the shape of a truncated obelisk, characterized by its cut-off apex.
What type of portraits are featured on the monument?
Answer: Bas-relief profile portraits
The monument features bas-relief profile portraits of the three Stuart princes, a technique where the sculpted elements project slightly from the background.
What do the weeping angels depicted below the inscription symbolize?
Answer: The lost hopes and aspirations of the Stuart family
The weeping angels are interpreted as symbolic representations of the diminished hopes and aspirations associated with the exiled Stuart family.
Within St. Peter's Basilica, where is the Monument to the Royal Stuarts specifically located?
Answer: In the left aisle, opposite the dome entrance
The monument is situated in the left aisle of St. Peter's Basilica, positioned opposite the entrance used by visitors descending from the dome and roof.
According to the Antonio Canova Navbox, which of the following was *not* listed as one of his works between 1816 and 1822?
Answer: The Sistine Chapel ceiling
The Sistine Chapel ceiling, famously painted by Michelangelo, was not among Antonio Canova's works listed for the period of 1816-1822.
The monument commemorates the first three monarchs of the House of Stuart who ruled Great Britain.
Answer: False
The monument commemorates the final three members of the House of Stuart who claimed sovereignty over Great Britain: James Francis Edward Stuart, Charles Edward Stuart, and Henry Benedict Stuart.
The Latin inscription on the monument identifies the commemorated individuals as the last of the Royal House of Stuart.
Answer: True
The Latin inscription explicitly refers to the commemorated individuals as 'the last of the Royal House of Stuart' (REGIAE STIRPIS STVARDIAE POSTREMIS).
Which three members of the Royal House of Stuart are commemorated by the monument?
Answer: James Francis Edward Stuart, Charles Edward Stuart, and Henry Benedict Stuart
The monument specifically commemorates James Francis Edward Stuart (the 'Old Pretender'), his elder son Charles Edward Stuart (the 'Young Pretender'), and his younger son Henry Benedict Stuart (the 'Cardinal Duke of York').
The Jacobite movement supported which claim to the British thrones?
Answer: The Stuart claim
The Jacobite movement was fundamentally dedicated to supporting the claim of the House of Stuart to the British thrones.
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts serves as the actual burial place for the three Stuart princes.
Answer: False
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a cenotaph, meaning it is a monument erected in honor of individuals whose remains are interred elsewhere, specifically in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica.
The remains of the three Stuart brothers are interred in the crypt beneath St. Peter's Basilica.
Answer: True
The mortal remains of James Francis Edward Stuart, Charles Edward Stuart, and Henry Benedict Stuart are indeed interred within the Vatican Necropolis, the ancient burial ground beneath St. Peter's Basilica.
Charles Edward Stuart was initially buried in St. Peter's Basilica before his remains were moved to Frascati.
Answer: False
Charles Edward Stuart was initially buried in the Basilica of St Peter Apostle in Frascati upon his death in 1788. His remains were later transferred to the crypt of St. Peter's Basilica.
All three Stuart brothers were moved to their final resting place in the Vatican crypt simultaneously in 1807.
Answer: False
While Henry Benedict Stuart died in 1807 and was interred with his father, James Francis Edward Stuart (who died in 1766), Charles Edward Stuart died earlier in 1788. Their final resting places were not established simultaneously in 1807.
In 1938, the Stuart bodies were relocated to make space for the tomb of Pope Pius XII.
Answer: False
The relocation of the Stuart bodies in 1938 was to accommodate the tomb of Pope Pius XI, not Pope Pius XII.
A single sarcophagus covering the three graves was erected in 1939.
Answer: True
Following the relocation of the remains, a single sarcophagus was indeed erected in 1939 to cover the three graves within the Vatican crypt.
The sarcophagus housing the Stuart remains is topped with a bronze crown but lacks any inscription.
Answer: False
The sarcophagus housing the Stuart remains is topped with a bronze pillow and crown, and it does bear an inscription, mirroring that of the monument above.
Queen Christina of Sweden is also entombed in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica.
Answer: True
Queen Christina of Sweden, who abdicated her throne and converted to Catholicism, is also entombed in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica, alongside other notable figures including the Royal Stuarts.
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is described as a cenotaph because the Stuart family is buried within the monument itself.
Answer: False
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts is a cenotaph precisely because the Stuart family's remains are interred elsewhere, specifically in the crypt beneath St. Peter's Basilica, not within the monument itself.
The Basilica of St Peter Apostle in Frascati served as the final resting place for all three Stuart brothers.
Answer: False
The Basilica of St Peter Apostle in Frascati served as the initial resting place for Charles Edward Stuart only; the final resting place for all three brothers is the crypt beneath St. Peter's Basilica.
The Vatican Necropolis is an ancient burial ground located beneath St. Peter's Basilica.
Answer: True
The Vatican Necropolis is indeed an ancient burial ground situated directly beneath the foundations of St. Peter's Basilica.
Where are the remains of James Francis Edward Stuart, Charles Edward Stuart, and Henry Benedict Stuart actually interred?
Answer: In the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica
The remains of the three Stuart brothers are interred in the crypt located beneath St. Peter's Basilica, within the Vatican Necropolis.
What happened in 1938 concerning the Stuart burial site?
Answer: The bodies were relocated to make space for Pope Pius XI's tomb.
In 1938, the remains of the three Stuart brothers were relocated within the Vatican crypt to facilitate the construction of Pope Pius XI's tomb.
What is placed atop the sarcophagus housing the Stuart remains in the crypt?
Answer: A bronze pillow and a bronze crown
The sarcophagus in the crypt is adorned with a bronze pillow upon which rests a bronze crown, symbolizing their royal status.
Besides the Stuarts, who is mentioned as being entombed in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica?
Answer: Queen Christina of Sweden
Queen Christina of Sweden, who abdicated her throne, is also entombed in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica, alongside the Royal Stuarts.
What is the Vatican Necropolis?
Answer: An ancient burial ground beneath St. Peter's Basilica.
The Vatican Necropolis is an ancient burial ground located beneath St. Peter's Basilica, serving as the final resting place for numerous popes and other significant figures, including the Stuart brothers.
The monument located opposite the Monument to the Royal Stuarts commemorates Maria Clementina Sobieska.
Answer: True
Opposite the Monument to the Royal Stuarts within St. Peter's Basilica is the monument dedicated to Maria Clementina Sobieska.
Maria Clementina Sobieska was the sister of James Francis Edward Stuart.
Answer: False
Maria Clementina Sobieska was the wife of James Francis Edward Stuart and the mother of Charles Edward Stuart and Henry Benedict Stuart, not his sister.
The inscription on Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument includes the title 'Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland' as a reflection of contemporary political claims.
Answer: False
The title 'Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland' on Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument reflects historical claims to the French throne by English monarchs, a tradition inherited by the Stuarts, rather than contemporary political claims.
The inscription on Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument mentioning 'France' refers to a contemporary territorial claim by the British monarchy.
Answer: False
The mention of 'France' in the inscription on Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument refers to a historical claim to the French throne, a tradition maintained by English monarchs, rather than a contemporary territorial claim.
Who is commemorated by the monument located opposite the Monument to the Royal Stuarts?
Answer: Maria Clementina Sobieska
The monument situated opposite the Monument to the Royal Stuarts commemorates Maria Clementina Sobieska, the wife of James Francis Edward Stuart.
Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument inscription includes the title 'Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland.' What does the mention of 'France' signify?
Answer: A historical claim to the French throne.
The inclusion of 'France' in the title reflects the historical claims to the French throne maintained by English monarchs, a tradition continued by the Stuarts.
Maria Clementina Sobieska's monument inscription includes the title 'Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland.' What does the mention of 'France' signify?
Answer: A historical claim to the French throne.
The inclusion of 'France' in the title reflects the historical claims to the French throne maintained by English monarchs, a tradition continued by the Stuarts.
The Monument to the Royal Stuarts was erected in the year 1788.
Answer: False
The monument was erected in 1819, not 1788. The year 1788 marks the death of Charles Edward Stuart.
The monument was commissioned by King George IV of the United Kingdom.
Answer: False
The monument was commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, who was the executor of Henry Benedict Stuart's estate, not by King George IV.
King George IV supported the monument primarily due to his strong Jacobite sympathies.
Answer: False
King George IV's support stemmed from his admiration for the Stuart legend, particularly after the Jacobite threat to the Hanoverian succession had effectively ended with the death of Cardinal Stuart.
Jacobite sympathizers today often adorn the monument with flowers as a sign of continued reverence.
Answer: True
The practice of adorning the monument with flowers by Jacobite sympathizers indicates a continued reverence for the Stuart cause.
Monsignor Angelo Cesarini served as the executor for Charles Edward Stuart's estate.
Answer: False
Monsignor Angelo Cesarini served as the executor for the estate of Henry Benedict Stuart, the younger brother, not Charles Edward Stuart.
Who commissioned the Monument to the Royal Stuarts?
Answer: Monsignor Angelo Cesarini
The monument was commissioned by Monsignor Angelo Cesarini, who served as the executor of the estate of Henry Benedict Stuart.
Which British monarch is noted as a subscriber to the monument's creation?
Answer: King George IV
King George IV of the United Kingdom is recorded as one of the subscribers who contributed to the monument's creation.
Why did King George IV likely support the monument?
Answer: Due to his admiration for the Stuart legend after the Jacobite threat had ended.
King George IV's support likely stemmed from his admiration for the Stuart legend, particularly as the political threat posed by Jacobitism had significantly diminished by that time.