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Muslims consider the Sunnah to be the verbatim word of God, as revealed to Muhammad, while the Quran comprises his teachings and practices.
Answer: False
The Quran is considered the verbatim word of God, while the Sunnah, documented in Hadith, comprises the teachings and practices of Prophet Muhammad, not the direct word of God.
Muslims believe in earlier revelations such as the Tawrat, Zabur, and Injeel, viewing them as distinct religions unrelated to Islam's spiritual lineage.
Answer: False
Muslims believe in earlier revelations like the Tawrat, Zabur, and Injeel, but they view them as earlier versions of Islam, indicating a shared spiritual lineage rather than distinct, unrelated religions.
The main scriptures for Muslims are the Hadith, which are considered the direct word of God, and the Quran, which provides guidance through the Prophet Muhammad's actions.
Answer: False
The Quran is considered the direct word of God, while the Hadith document the words and actions of Prophet Muhammad, providing guidance rather than being the direct word of God.
The Muslim philologist Ibn al-Anbari defined a Muslim as a person who primarily adheres to the Five Pillars of Islam.
Answer: False
Ibn al-Anbari defined a Muslim as a person who has dedicated their worship exclusively to God, emphasizing devotion rather than primary adherence to the Five Pillars.
To convert to Islam, one must utter the Shahada in private, as public declaration is not required.
Answer: False
Conversion to Islam requires uttering the Shahada publicly in front of Muslim witnesses, not merely in private, as it is a public declaration of faith.
The Shahada's Arabic recitation 'ashhadu an-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa ashhadu anna muḥammadan rasūlu-llāh' translates to 'I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.'
Answer: True
The provided Arabic recitation of the Shahada accurately translates to 'I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.'
The Five Pillars of Islam include daily prayers, almsgiving, and fasting during Ramadan, but not a declaration of faith.
Answer: False
The Five Pillars of Islam explicitly include the declaration of faith (shahadah) as its first pillar, alongside daily prayers, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage.
The majority of Islamic theological traditions assert that a person's works are the sole determinant of their Muslim identity, known only to God.
Answer: False
The majority of Islamic theological traditions hold that a person's works do not solely determine their Muslim identity; rather, God alone knows the true belief of an individual, and fellow Muslims are expected to accept a personal declaration of faith.
Muslims are recommended to say 'in-shāʾallāh I am Muslim a believer' to express certainty in their future state of belief.
Answer: False
Muslims are recommended to say 'in-shāʾallāh I am Muslim a believer' to express humility and a desire for improvement, acknowledging that only God knows one's future state of belief, rather than expressing certainty.
The Quran describes only Muhammad and his direct followers as Muslim, not earlier prophets from Judaism and Christianity.
Answer: False
The Quran describes numerous earlier prophets from Judaism and Christianity, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, as Muslim, indicating a universal meaning of submission to God.
Quran 3:52 quotes Jesus' disciples declaring, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims."
Answer: True
Quran 3:52 indeed quotes Jesus' disciples making the declaration, 'We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims,' highlighting their submission to God.
Which of the following is considered the verbatim word of God by Muslims, as revealed to Muhammad?
Answer: The Quran
The source material clearly identifies the Quran as the verbatim word of God, or Allah, revealed to Prophet Muhammad.
Besides the Quran and Hadith, which set of earlier religious revelations do Muslims also believe in?
Answer: The Tawrat, Zabur, and Injeel
Muslims believe in earlier revelations such as the Tawrat (Torah), Zabur (Psalms), and Injeel (Gospel), which they view as previous versions of Islam.
How did the Muslim philologist Ibn al-Anbari define a Muslim?
Answer: A person who has dedicated their worship exclusively to God.
Ibn al-Anbari defined a Muslim as a person who has dedicated their worship exclusively to God, emphasizing the singular focus of devotion.
In the Quran, which figure is described as a 'true Muslim,' extending the term beyond the followers of Muhammad?
Answer: Abraham
The Quran describes Abraham as a 'true Muslim,' illustrating the universal application of the term 'muslim' beyond the direct followers of Prophet Muhammad.
What is the essential step required to become a Muslim and convert to Islam?
Answer: Uttering the Shahada in front of Muslim witnesses.
The essential step to convert to Islam is to publicly utter the Shahada, the declaration of faith, in front of Muslim witnesses.
What is the translation of the Arabic Shahada: 'ashhadu an-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa ashhadu anna muḥammadan rasūlu-llāh'?
Answer: I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
The Arabic recitation of the Shahada, 'ashhadu an-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa ashhadu anna muḥammadan rasūlu-llāh,' translates to 'I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.'
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
Answer: Studying the Hadith daily
The Five Pillars of Islam are the declaration of faith (shahadah), daily prayers (ṣalāh), almsgiving (zakāt), fasting during Ramadan (ṣawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (ḥajj). Studying the Hadith daily is not formally listed as one of the Five Pillars.
What is the majority theological stance in Islam regarding a person's works and their Muslim identity?
Answer: Works do not solely determine Muslim identity, as God alone knows true belief.
The majority theological stance in Islam is that a person's works do not solely determine their Muslim identity, as only God truly knows an individual's inner belief.
Why is it recommended for Muslims to say 'in-shāʾallāh I am Muslim a believer' when asked about their beliefs?
Answer: Because only God knows a person's future, signifying humility and desire for improvement.
It is recommended to say 'in-shāʾallāh I am Muslim a believer' to express humility and acknowledge that only God knows one's future state of belief, and to signify a desire for continuous improvement in faith.
According to the Quran, which of the following figures from Judaism and Christianity are described as Muslim?
Answer: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
The Quran describes a broad range of prophets and messengers from Judaism and Christianity, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, as Muslim, signifying their submission to God.
What is the significance of Quran 3:52 regarding Jesus' disciples?
Answer: It quotes them declaring themselves 'Muslims' to Jesus.
Quran 3:52 is significant because it quotes Jesus' disciples declaring themselves 'Muslims' to him, emphasizing their submission to God within the Quranic narrative.
The term 'al-Muslimūn' in Arabic literally translates to 'submitters to God,' reflecting a core principle of Islam.
Answer: True
The Arabic term 'al-Muslimūn' is directly translated as 'submitters to God,' which encapsulates the fundamental tenet of Islam as submission to the divine will.
The word 'muslim' is derived from the Arabic root S-L-M, which primarily means 'to declare war' or 'to conquer'.
Answer: False
The Arabic root S-L-M, from which 'muslim' is derived, primarily means 'to be whole, intact,' conveying a sense of submission and peace, not 'to declare war' or 'to conquer'.
A female adherent of Islam is referred to as a 'muslima' or 'muslimah', and the plural form for females in Arabic is 'muslimāt'.
Answer: True
The terms 'muslima' or 'muslimah' correctly refer to a female adherent of Islam, and 'muslimāt' is the accurate plural form for females in Arabic.
The spelling 'Moslem' fell out of favor in English-speaking countries because it was difficult to pronounce for non-Arabic speakers.
Answer: False
The spelling 'Moslem' fell out of favor not due to pronunciation difficulty, but because many Muslims found its resemblance to the Arabic word 'aẓ-ẓālim' (the oppressor) to be offensive.
The Associated Press instructed news outlets in the United States to adopt the spelling 'Muslim' in 1991, while the Daily Mail in the UK made the switch in 2004.
Answer: True
The Associated Press indeed instructed U.S. news outlets to adopt 'Muslim' in 1991, and the Daily Mail in the UK followed suit in 2004, marking a shift in preferred spelling.
In Central and South Asia, 'Mosalman' is a common equivalent for 'Muslim', and 'Mussulman' is an archaic English spelling.
Answer: True
The terms 'Mosalman' and 'Mussulman' are recognized as common equivalents for 'Muslim' in Central and South Asia, with 'Mussulman' also being an archaic English spelling.
Muslims consider the terms 'Mohammedans' or 'Mahometans' offensive because they incorrectly suggest that Muhammad is worshipped instead of God.
Answer: True
The terms 'Mohammedans' or 'Mahometans' are considered offensive by Muslims as they erroneously imply the worship of Prophet Muhammad, whereas Islam emphasizes the exclusive worship of God (Allah).
'Saracens' was an obsolete term used in medieval Europe to refer to Muslims.
Answer: True
'Saracens' is indeed an obsolete term that was historically used in medieval Europe as a reference to Muslims.
The Quran uses the word 'muslim' exclusively to refer to the direct followers of Prophet Muhammad.
Answer: False
The Quran uses the word 'muslim' with a universal meaning, applying it to figures like Abraham and Jesus' disciples, thereby extending its reference beyond the direct followers of Prophet Muhammad.
According to Mohsen Goudarzi, 'islām' in the Quran means 'monotheism,' and 'muslim' means 'monotheist.'
Answer: True
Mohsen Goudarzi's interpretation states that in the Quran, 'islām' means 'monotheism' and 'muslim' means 'monotheist,' highlighting the core concept of belief in one God.
In early Islamic history, the term 'mu'min' was more inclusive, encompassing anyone submitting to God, while 'muslim' specifically referred to believers in Islam as a distinct religion.
Answer: False
In early Islamic history (until the 8th century), 'muslim' was the more inclusive term, referring to anyone submitting to God, whereas 'mu'min' specifically denoted believers in Islam as a distinct religion.
According to the source, what is the literal translation of the Arabic term 'al-Muslimūn'?
Answer: Submitters to God
The flashcard explicitly states that the Arabic term 'al-Muslimūn' literally translates to 'submitters to God,' reflecting a core principle of Islam.
From which triliteral Arabic root is the word 'muslim' derived, and what does it mean?
Answer: S-L-M, meaning 'to be whole, intact'
The word 'muslim' is derived from the triliteral Arabic root S-L-M, which means 'to be whole, intact,' conveying a sense of submission and peace.
What is the correct term for a female adherent of Islam, as mentioned in the source?
Answer: Muslima
The source explicitly states that a female adherent of Islam is referred to as a 'muslima' or 'muslimah'.
Why did the spelling 'Moslem' fall out of favor in English-speaking countries?
Answer: It resembled an Arabic word meaning 'the oppressor.'
The spelling 'Moslem' fell out of favor because many Muslims found its resemblance to the Arabic word 'aẓ-ẓālim,' meaning 'the oppressor,' to be objectionable.
When did the Associated Press instruct news outlets in the United States to adopt the spelling 'Muslim'?
Answer: 1991
The Associated Press instructed news outlets in the United States to adopt the spelling 'Muslim' in 1991.
Which of the following terms is considered offensive by Muslims because it implies the worship of Muhammad rather than God?
Answer: Mahometan
The terms 'Mohammedans' or 'Mahometans' are considered offensive by Muslims as they incorrectly suggest the worship of Muhammad instead of God (Allah).
According to Quranic studies scholar Mohsen Goudarzi, what does 'muslim' mean in the Quran?
Answer: Monotheist
Mohsen Goudarzi's interpretation specifies that in the Quran, 'muslim' means 'monotheist,' emphasizing belief in one God.
In early Islamic history (until the 8th century), how did the term 'muslim' differ from 'mu'min'?
Answer: 'Mu'min' referred to distinct Islamic believers, while 'muslim' was more inclusive.
In early Islamic history, the term 'mu'min' was used for distinct Islamic believers, while 'muslim' was a more inclusive term encompassing anyone submitting to God, including Christians and Jews.
As of 2020, approximately 2 billion people globally identify as Muslim, representing about 25.6% of the world's total population.
Answer: True
According to the provided data, the global Muslim population was estimated at 2 billion in 2020, accounting for 25.6% of the world's total population.
Pakistan is listed as the country with the largest Muslim population, followed by Indonesia.
Answer: False
Indonesia is identified as the most populous Muslim-majority country, while Pakistan holds the second-largest Muslim population globally.
The primary drivers behind the growth of the global Muslim population are high conversion rates from other religions.
Answer: False
The primary drivers of global Muslim population growth are demographic factors such as a younger average age and higher birth rates, not primarily high conversion rates, which have a low net impact.
Africa has the highest percentage of people identifying as Muslims, with 45% of its population adhering to Islam.
Answer: True
Africa is correctly identified as the continent with the highest percentage of its population, 45%, adhering to Islam.
South Asia accounts for the largest portion of the global Muslim population by sheer numbers, with 31% of all Muslims worldwide residing in this region.
Answer: True
South Asia indeed accounts for the largest numerical portion of the global Muslim population, with 31% of all Muslims residing in this region.
Pakistan is the most populous Muslim-majority country, holding approximately 12.7% of all Muslims worldwide.
Answer: False
Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country, holding approximately 12.7% of all Muslims worldwide, while Pakistan has the second-largest Muslim population.
India is home to the world's largest Muslim-minority population, accounting for 10.9% of the world's Muslims.
Answer: True
India is indeed home to the world's largest Muslim-minority population, representing 10.9% of the global Muslim population.
Islam is the third-largest religion globally and is experiencing slow growth compared to other major faiths.
Answer: False
Islam is the second-largest and fastest-growing religion globally, primarily due to its young population and high fertility rates, not a slow growth rate.
Muslims have a fertility rate of 3.1, which is lower than the world average fertility rate of 2.5.
Answer: False
Muslims have a fertility rate of 3.1, which is notably higher than the world average fertility rate of 2.5, contributing to their rapid population growth.
A 2010 Pew Center study found that 3% of the world's Muslim population resided in non-Muslim-majority developed countries.
Answer: True
A 2010 Pew Center study indeed reported that 3% of the global Muslim population lived in non-Muslim-majority developed countries, highlighting the diaspora in these nations.
As of 2020, what was the estimated global Muslim population and its percentage of the world's total population?
Answer: Approximately 2 billion people, representing about 25.6%
The source states that as of 2020, the global Muslim population was estimated at approximately 2 billion people, constituting about 25.6% of the world's total population.
According to the infobox data, which country has the largest Muslim population?
Answer: Indonesia
The provided infobox data explicitly lists Indonesia as the country with the largest Muslim population.
What are the primary drivers behind the growth of the global Muslim population?
Answer: Younger average age and higher birth rates among Muslims.
The primary drivers of the global Muslim population's growth are demographic factors, specifically a younger average age and higher birth rates among Muslim communities.
Which continent has the highest percentage of its population identifying as Muslims?
Answer: Africa
Africa is identified as the continent with the highest percentage of its population, 45%, identifying as Muslims.
What percentage of the global Muslim population resides in South Asia?
Answer: 31%
South Asia accounts for 31% of the global Muslim population, representing the largest portion by sheer numbers.
Which country is identified as the most populous Muslim-majority nation, holding approximately 12.7% of all Muslims worldwide?
Answer: Indonesia
Indonesia is identified as the most populous Muslim-majority nation, comprising approximately 12.7% of all Muslims worldwide.
Which country is home to the world's largest Muslim-minority population?
Answer: India
India is home to the world's largest Muslim-minority population, accounting for 10.9% of the world's Muslims.
How is Islam described in terms of its global growth status?
Answer: The second-largest and fastest-growing religion.
Islam is described as the second-largest and fastest-growing religion globally, a trend primarily driven by its young population and high fertility rates.
How does the Muslim fertility rate compare to the world average fertility rate?
Answer: Muslims have a fertility rate of 3.1, which is higher than the world average of 2.5.
Muslims exhibit a fertility rate of 3.1, which is higher than the world average fertility rate of 2.5, contributing significantly to their population growth.
According to a 2010 Pew Center study, what percentage of the world's Muslim population lived in non-Muslim-majority developed countries?
Answer: 3%
A 2010 Pew Center study indicated that 3% of the world's Muslim population resided in non-Muslim-majority developed countries.
Sunni Islam comprises 87–90% of all Muslims, making it the largest denomination, while Shia Islam accounts for 10–13%.
Answer: True
Sunni Islam constitutes the largest denomination, representing 87–90% of Muslims, with Shia Islam making up 10–13% of the global Muslim population.
In Sunni Islam, the Shahada consists of three parts, including a declaration about Ali.
Answer: False
In Sunni Islam, the Shahada consists of two parts, not three, and does not include a declaration about Ali; the declaration about Ali is specific to Shia Islam.
The Shahada in Shia Islam includes the phrase 'wa ʿalīyun walīyu-llāh,' which acknowledges Ali as the walī of God.
Answer: True
The Shahada in Shia Islam indeed includes the phrase 'wa ʿalīyun walīyu-llāh,' which serves to acknowledge Ali as the walī (guardian or friend) of God.
Quranist Islam's Shahada is identical to the Sunni Shahada, including the testimony of Muhammad as God's messenger.
Answer: False
Quranist Islam's Shahada differs from the Sunni Shahada by solely affirming 'lā ilāha illāʾllāh' (there is no god but Allah), omitting the testimony of Muhammad as God's messenger.
The Khawārij developed a distinct understanding of Muslim identity based primarily on adherence to liturgical and legal norms.
Answer: True
The Khawārij indeed developed a distinct understanding of Muslim identity, emphasizing strict adherence to liturgical and legal norms as primary determinants.
What are the approximate percentages of Sunni and Shia Islam within the global Muslim population, respectively?
Answer: Sunni 87-90%, Shia 10-13%
The source states that Sunni Islam comprises 87–90% of all Muslims, while Shia Islam accounts for 10–13% of the global Muslim population.
In Sunni Islam, what is the first part of the Shahada, meaning 'there is no god but Allah,' also known as?
Answer: Tahlīl
In Sunni Islam, the first part of the Shahada, 'lā ilāha illāʾllāh' (there is no god but Allah), is also known as the tahlīl.
How does the Shahada in Shia Islam differ from that in Sunni Islam?
Answer: It includes a declaration about Ali as the walī of God.
The Shahada in Shia Islam distinguishes itself from the Sunni version by including the phrase 'wa ʿalīyun walīyu-llāh,' acknowledging Ali as the walī of God.
Which group developed a distinct understanding of Muslim identity primarily based on adherence to liturgical and legal norms?
Answer: Khawārij
The Khawārij are noted for developing a distinct understanding of Muslim identity that emphasized strict adherence to liturgical and legal norms.
Arabic is considered a sacred language within the Muslim world, alongside several other regional languages like Turkic and Iranian.
Answer: True
Arabic is indeed considered a sacred language within the Muslim world, and while other regional languages are associated with Muslim communities, Arabic holds a unique sacred status.
The early forms of Muslim culture were predominantly influenced by East Asian and indigenous American traditions.
Answer: False
Early Muslim culture was predominantly influenced by Arab, Byzantine, Persian, and Levantine traditions, not East Asian or indigenous American traditions.
Muslims have experienced persecution in regions such as China, India, parts of Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Answer: True
The source confirms that Muslims have experienced persecution in various regions, including China, India, parts of Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Which language is specifically mentioned as being considered sacred within the Muslim world?
Answer: Arabic
The source explicitly mentions Arabic as being considered a sacred language within the Muslim world.
Which of the following was a predominant influence on the early forms of Muslim culture?
Answer: Byzantine traditions
The early forms of Muslim culture were predominantly influenced by Arab, Byzantine, Persian, and Levantine traditions, among others.
In which of the following regions have Muslims experienced persecution, according to the source?
Answer: Southeast Asia
The source indicates that Muslims have experienced persecution in various regions, including China, India, parts of Africa, and Southeast Asia.