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Total Categories: 6
The Navy Cross is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States Naval Service for valor.
Answer: False
The Navy Cross is the second-highest military decoration for valor awarded by the U.S. Naval Service, ranking immediately below the Medal of Honor.
Eligibility for the Navy Cross is strictly limited to active-duty Marines and naval sailors of the United States.
Answer: False
While primarily for Marines and naval sailors, the Navy Cross can also be awarded to members of other U.S. armed services and foreign military personnel serving with the U.S. Naval Service.
The United States Department of the Navy, through the Secretary of the Navy, is responsible for bestowing the Navy Cross.
Answer: True
The source explicitly states that the Navy Cross is bestowed by the United States Department of the Navy, specifically through the Secretary of the Navy.
As of December 2017, the total number of Navy Crosses awarded since its establishment exceeded 6,000.
Answer: True
The source indicates that as of December 2017, approximately 5,400 Navy Crosses had been awarded, and overall, the medal has been awarded more than 6,300 times since its establishment.
What is the United States Naval Service's second-highest military decoration?
Answer: The Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the second-highest military decoration for valor awarded by the United States Naval Service, ranking immediately below the Medal of Honor.
Who is primarily eligible to receive the Navy Cross?
Answer: Marines and naval sailors of the United States
While eligibility can extend to other services and foreign personnel, the Navy Cross is primarily eligible for Marines and naval sailors of the United States.
Which U.S. government entity is responsible for bestowing the Navy Cross?
Answer: The United States Department of the Navy
The United States Department of the Navy, through the Secretary of the Navy, is the specific government entity responsible for bestowing the Navy Cross.
Approximately how many Navy Crosses had been awarded as of December 2017?
Answer: 5,400
As of December 2017, approximately 5,400 Navy Crosses had been awarded, with the overall total exceeding 6,300 since its establishment.
The Navy Cross was officially established by an Act of Congress on February 4, 1919, known as Public Law 65-253.
Answer: True
Public Law 65-253, approved on February 4, 1919, formally established the Navy Cross as a military decoration.
The first Navy Cross awards were presented in 1917, coinciding with the United States' entry into World War I.
Answer: False
While the establishment of the Navy Cross was made retroactive to April 6, 1917, the first awards were actually presented in 1919.
The institution of the Navy Cross was primarily a response to the United States' involvement in the Korean War.
Answer: False
The Navy Cross was instituted partly due to the United States' entry into World War I, not the Korean War, to provide additional valor awards beyond the Medal of Honor.
On August 7, 1942, Congress revised the Navy Cross criteria, making it exclusively a combat-only decoration and elevating its precedence.
Answer: True
The August 7, 1942, legislation specifically revised the Navy Cross criteria, restricting it to combat heroism and elevating its position in the order of precedence.
Past Navy Cross awards for merit, such as the one given to Fleet Admiral Ernest King, were retroactively revoked by the 1942 legislation.
Answer: False
The 1942 legislation, which limited the Navy Cross to combat heroism, did not retroactively affect previous awards for non-combat merit.
On what date was Public Law 65-253, which officially established the Navy Cross, approved?
Answer: February 4, 1919
Public Law 65-253, which officially established the Navy Cross, was approved by Congress on February 4, 1919.
In what year were the first Navy Cross awards presented?
Answer: 1919
Despite being retroactive to 1917, the first Navy Cross awards were actually presented in 1919.
What historical context primarily led to the institution of the Navy Cross?
Answer: The United States' entry into World War I
The institution of the Navy Cross was primarily a response to the United States' entry into World War I, as there was a need for additional valor awards beyond the Medal of Honor.
On what date did Congress revise the Navy Cross criteria to make it a combat-only decoration?
Answer: August 7, 1942
Congress revised the Navy Cross criteria to make it a combat-only decoration on August 7, 1942, also elevating its precedence.
What happened to past Navy Cross awards for merit (non-combat) after the 1942 legislation limited the award to combat heroism?
Answer: They remained unaffected by the legislation.
The 1942 legislation, which restricted the Navy Cross to combat heroism, did not retroactively affect previous awards for non-combat merit.
An act of heroism during military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force is one of the three circumstances qualifying for the Navy Cross.
Answer: True
The source lists three specific circumstances for Navy Cross qualification, and 'in combat action during military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force' is explicitly one of them.
The Navy Cross can be awarded for acts of heroism that are performed without significant personal risk, as long as they are highly conspicuous.
Answer: False
To qualify for the Navy Cross, acts of heroism must be performed in the presence of great danger or at great personal risk, in addition to being highly conspicuous.
An accumulation of minor acts of heroism can collectively justify an award of the Navy Cross if they demonstrate consistent bravery.
Answer: False
The Navy Cross is reserved for extraordinary, singular acts of valor, and an accumulation of minor acts of heroism does not meet the criteria for this award.
Which of the following is *not* one of the three specific circumstances under which an act of heroism must occur to qualify for the Navy Cross?
Answer: During peacetime training exercises demonstrating exceptional leadership
The three qualifying circumstances for the Navy Cross all involve combat action or conflict with an opposing force; peacetime training exercises are not among them.
What level of conspicuousness is required for an individual's actions to be considered for the Navy Cross?
Answer: They must be performed in such a manner as to render them highly conspicuous among others of equal grade, rate, experience, or position of responsibility.
The criteria for the Navy Cross specify that the heroic actions must be highly conspicuous among peers, demonstrating exceptional distinction.
What type of acts are reserved for the Navy Cross award?
Answer: Extraordinary, singular acts of valor
The Navy Cross is specifically reserved for extraordinary, singular acts of valor, not an accumulation of minor heroic acts or non-combat service.
The Navy Cross medal was designed by James Earle Fraser, who was also known for his work on the Buffalo nickel.
Answer: True
James Earle Fraser, a renowned sculptor, is credited with designing the Navy Cross medal, and he is indeed known for his work on the Buffalo nickel.
Additional awards of the Navy Cross are indicated by bronze oak leaf clusters affixed to the service ribbon.
Answer: False
Additional awards of the Navy Cross are indicated by gold or silver 5/16 inch stars affixed to the suspension and service ribbon, not bronze oak leaf clusters.
A silver star on the Navy Cross ribbon represents five additional awards, replacing any gold stars previously earned.
Answer: True
The system for multiple awards specifies that a silver star replaces gold stars and signifies five additional awards of the Navy Cross.
The obverse of the Navy Cross medal features a symbolic caravel sailing on waves, representing naval service and tradition.
Answer: True
The obverse of the Navy Cross medal prominently features a caravel, which symbolizes naval service and the tradition of the sea.
The laurel leaves with berries on the Navy Cross medal primarily symbolize victory in specific battles.
Answer: False
The laurel leaves with berries on the Navy Cross medal symbolize achievement, not victory in specific battles.
The reverse of the Navy Cross medal features crossed anchors from the pre-1850 period with the letters 'USN' visible amid them.
Answer: True
The reverse side of the Navy Cross medal is described as featuring crossed anchors from the pre-1850 period, with the letters 'USN' clearly visible.
'Black Widow' Navy Cross medals, awarded between 1941 and 1942, were known for their distinctive dark color due to an over-anodized finish.
Answer: True
The 'Black Widow' Navy Cross medals, issued during 1941-1942, are indeed characterized by their dark color, which resulted from an over-anodized finish.
The white center stripe on the Navy Cross service ribbon symbolizes the purity of selflessness.
Answer: True
The white center stripe on the Navy Cross service ribbon is explicitly stated to symbolize the purity of selflessness.
Who was the designer of the Navy Cross medal?
Answer: James Earle Fraser
The Navy Cross medal was designed by James Earle Fraser, a renowned sculptor also known for his work on the Buffalo nickel.
How are additional awards of the Navy Cross indicated on the medal and ribbon?
Answer: By gold or silver 5/16 inch stars
Additional awards of the Navy Cross are denoted by gold or silver 5/16 inch stars affixed to the suspension and service ribbon of the medal.
What does a silver star on the Navy Cross ribbon represent?
Answer: Five additional awards
In the system for multiple Navy Cross awards, a silver star replaces gold stars and signifies five additional awards.
What is depicted in the center of the obverse (front) side of the Navy Cross medal?
Answer: A caravel
The obverse of the Navy Cross medal features a symbolic caravel sailing on waves in its center.
What do the laurel leaves with berries on the obverse of the Navy Cross medal symbolize?
Answer: Achievement
The laurel leaves with berries on the obverse of the Navy Cross medal are specifically stated to represent achievement.
What letters are clearly visible amid the crossed anchors on the reverse side of the Navy Cross medal?
Answer: USN
The reverse of the Navy Cross medal features crossed anchors with the letters 'USN' clearly visible amid them, identifying it with the United States Navy.
What was a distinguishing feature of the 'Black Widow' Navy Cross medals awarded between 1941 and 1942?
Answer: A dark color resulting from an over-anodized finish
The 'Black Widow' Navy Cross medals, awarded between 1941 and 1942, were notable for their distinctive dark color, which was a result of an over-anodized finish.
What does the navy blue color of the Navy Cross service ribbon represent?
Answer: Naval service
The navy blue color of the Navy Cross service ribbon is explicitly stated to represent naval service.
Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, all recipients of the Navy Cross have had their names publicly disclosed.
Answer: False
Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, while 47 Navy Crosses have been awarded, the names of two recipients have been kept secret.
Marine Gunnery Sergeant Tate Jolly received a secret Navy Cross for his actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Answer: True
Marine Gunnery Sergeant Tate Jolly is specifically identified as a recipient of one of the undisclosed Navy Cross awards for his actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack.
According to the source, at least one individual has received more than five Navy Cross awards to date.
Answer: False
The source explicitly states that no individual has received more than five Navy Cross awards to date.
Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee, a Chief Nurse, was the first female recipient of the Navy Cross.
Answer: True
Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee, a Chief Nurse in the U.S. Navy, is identified as the first female recipient of the Navy Cross.
Doris 'Dorie' Miller was the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross, and two U.S. Navy ships were named in his honor.
Answer: True
Doris 'Dorie' Miller is recognized as the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross, and two U.S. Navy ships, USS Miller (FF-1091) and USS Doris Miller (CVN-81), were named in his honor.
John D. Bulkeley is a notable U.S. Navy recipient who received five awards of the Navy Cross.
Answer: False
While John D. Bulkeley was a distinguished recipient of the Navy Cross, Medal of Honor, and two Army Distinguished Service Crosses, the source identifies Roy M. Davenport and Lewis 'Chesty' Puller as recipients of five Navy Cross awards.
How many Navy Crosses have been awarded since the 11 September 2001 attacks, with some recipients' names kept secret?
Answer: 47
Since the 11 September 2001 attacks, 47 Navy Crosses have been awarded, with two of these recipients' names remaining undisclosed.
Which Marine Gunnery Sergeant received a secret Navy Cross for his actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack?
Answer: Tate Jolly
Marine Gunnery Sergeant Tate Jolly is specifically identified as the recipient of a secret Navy Cross for his actions during the 2012 Benghazi attack.
According to the source, what is the maximum number of Navy Cross awards any individual has received to date?
Answer: Five
The source explicitly states that no individual has received more than five Navy Cross awards to date, making five the maximum number mentioned.
Who was the first female recipient of the Navy Cross?
Answer: Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee
Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee, a Chief Nurse in the U.S. Navy, is identified as the first female recipient of the Navy Cross.
Which ships were named in honor of Doris 'Dorie' Miller, the first African American recipient of the Navy Cross?
Answer: USS Miller (FF-1091) and USS Doris Miller (CVN-81)
Two U.S. Navy ships, USS Miller (FF-1091) and USS Doris Miller (CVN-81), were named in honor of Doris 'Dorie' Miller.
Who is a notable U.S. Navy recipient mentioned in the source who received five awards of the Navy Cross?
Answer: Roy M. Davenport
Roy M. Davenport is specifically mentioned as a U.S. Navy recipient who received five awards of the Navy Cross.
The Navy Cross ranks immediately below the Silver Star in the order of precedence for U.S. military decorations.
Answer: False
The Navy Cross ranks immediately below the Medal of Honor, making it the second-highest military decoration for valor, not below the Silver Star.
The Army's Distinguished Service Cross is considered the equivalent military decoration to the Navy Cross in its respective service.
Answer: True
The Navy Cross is explicitly stated to be equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Cross, among other service-specific awards for extraordinary heroism.
When first created, the Navy Cross was the Navy's third-highest decoration, ranking below the Medal of Honor and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.
Answer: True
Upon its initial creation, the Navy Cross was indeed the third-highest Navy decoration, with the Medal of Honor and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal holding higher precedence.
The Navy Cross shares a similar appearance with the British Military Cross.
Answer: False
The Navy Cross is stated to be similar in appearance to the British Distinguished Service Cross, not the British Military Cross.
Which U.S. military decoration ranks immediately above the Navy Cross in precedence?
Answer: The Medal of Honor
The Navy Cross ranks immediately below the Medal of Honor, making the Medal of Honor the decoration that ranks immediately above it.
Which of the following is an equivalent military decoration to the Navy Cross in another U.S. Armed Force?
Answer: The Army's Distinguished Service Cross
The Army's Distinguished Service Cross is explicitly identified as an equivalent military decoration to the Navy Cross, recognizing similar acts of heroism in its respective service.
What was the original order of precedence for the Navy Cross when it was first created?
Answer: It ranked below the Medal of Honor and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.
Upon its initial creation, the Navy Cross was the Navy's third-highest decoration, ranking below both the Medal of Honor and the Navy Distinguished Service Medal.
Which British military decoration shares a similar appearance with the Navy Cross?
Answer: The Distinguished Service Cross
The Navy Cross is stated to share a similar appearance with the British Distinguished Service Cross.