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Neoclassical architecture emerged in the mid-18th century as a reaction against the elaborate ornamentation of Late Baroque, seeking a purer classical style.
Answer: True
Neoclassical architecture, originating in the mid-18th century, explicitly reacted against the excesses of Late Baroque, aiming for a purer, more authentic classical style.
The initial phase of Neoclassical architecture primarily drew inspiration from Greek architecture, while a later wave focused on Roman structures.
Answer: False
The source indicates that the initial phase of Neoclassical architecture primarily drew inspiration from Roman architecture, with a later wave focusing on Greek Revival.
Archaeology played a minor role in the development of Neoclassical architecture, as architects primarily relied on existing Renaissance interpretations.
Answer: False
Archaeology played a significant role in Neoclassical architecture by providing accurate records of classical buildings, allowing architects to draw direct inspiration rather than relying solely on Renaissance interpretations.
According to historians, classical architecture after 1840 is generally classified as pure Neoclassicism, rather than revival styles.
Answer: False
Historians classify classical architecture after approximately 1840 as 'revival' styles (e.g., Greek, Renaissance, Italianate Revival), distinguishing them from pure Neoclassicism.
The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s and first gained significant influence in Italy and Germany.
Answer: False
The conventional dating for the shift to Neoclassical architecture is the 1750s, with its initial significant influence observed in England and France, not Italy and Germany.
Which of the following best describes the primary goal of the Neoclassical movement in architecture?
Answer: To achieve a purer, more authentic classical style by removing Baroque excesses.
The Neoclassical movement aimed to achieve a purer, more authentic classical style by explicitly reacting against and removing the elaborate ornamentation and excesses of Late Baroque architecture.
What significant field of study greatly influenced the emergence of Neoclassical architecture by providing direct records of ancient buildings?
Answer: Archaeology
Archaeology significantly influenced Neoclassical architecture by providing accurate published records of surviving classical buildings, enabling architects to study and draw inspiration directly from ancient structures.
According to the source, how is classical architecture generally classified after approximately 1840?
Answer: As a series of 'revival' styles like Greek or Renaissance Revival.
Historians classify classical architecture after approximately 1840 as one of a series of 'revival' styles, such as Greek, Renaissance, or Italianate Revival, distinguishing them from pure Neoclassicism.
When is the shift to neoclassical architecture conventionally dated, and in which two countries did it first gain significant influence?
Answer: 1750s; England and France
The shift to Neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s, first gaining significant influence in England and France.
Palladianism, a precursor to the broader Neoclassical movement, emerged in the early 18th century as a reaction against the Rococo style.
Answer: True
Palladianism, an architectural style emphasizing classical forms and simplicity, emerged in the early 18th century as a reaction against the Rococo style, preceding the broader Neoclassical movement.
Colen Campbell's 'Vitruvius Britannicus' was an influential book that contributed to the establishment of Palladian architecture in 18th-century Britain.
Answer: True
Colen Campbell's 'Vitruvius Britannicus' (1715) was a particularly popular and crucial book that significantly contributed to establishing Palladian architecture in 18th-century Britain.
The Louvre Colonnade, built in the late 17th century, demonstrated a classicizing tendency even within Late Baroque architecture, foreshadowing Neoclassicism.
Answer: True
The Louvre Colonnade, constructed between 1667 and 1674, exhibited a classicizing tendency within Late Baroque architecture, indicating a gradual shift towards the classical forms that would later define Neoclassicism.
The Basilica Palladiana is a notable example of Rococo architecture, influencing later Neoclassical styles.
Answer: False
The Basilica Palladiana is a notable example of Palladian architecture, a style that reacted against Rococo and influenced the broader Neoclassical movement, rather than being Rococo itself.
Stourhead House's east facade was inspired by Palladio's Villa Capra 'La Rotonda'.
Answer: False
The east facade of Stourhead House was inspired by Palladio's Villa Emo, not Villa Capra 'La Rotonda'.
Which architectural style, preceding Neoclassicism, emerged in the earlier 18th century as a reaction against Rococo and drew inspiration from Andrea Palladio?
Answer: Palladianism
Palladianism, an architectural style emphasizing classical forms and simplicity, emerged in the early 18th century as a reaction against Rococo and drew inspiration from Andrea Palladio, thus preceding the broader Neoclassical movement.
Which of the following books was particularly popular and crucial for establishing Palladian architecture in 18th-century Britain?
Answer: 'Vitruvius Britannicus' by Colen Campbell'
Colen Campbell's 'Vitruvius Britannicus' (1715) was a particularly popular and crucial book for establishing Palladian architecture in 18th-century Britain.
Who were the key figures in the early development of Palladianism in England, designing Chiswick House?
Answer: Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, and William Kent
Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, and William Kent were key figures in early English Palladianism, designing Chiswick House in 1729.
The Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza, Italy, is a notable example of which architectural style?
Answer: Palladian architecture
The Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza, Italy, is a notable example of Palladian architecture, a style that reacted against Rococo and drew from the designs of Andrea Palladio.
The Louvre Colonnade in Paris was constructed during which period?
Answer: 1667 and 1674
The Louvre Colonnade in Paris was constructed between 1667 and 1674, demonstrating an early classicizing tendency within Late Baroque architecture.
Russborough House in County Wicklow, Ireland, an example of Irish Palladianism, was designed by Richard Cassels and built during which years?
Answer: 1741-1755
Russborough House in County Wicklow, Ireland, an example of Irish Palladianism, was designed by Richard Cassels and built between 1741 and 1755.
In France, the Neoclassical movement was primarily driven by the cultural impact of the Grand Tour and excavations at Pompeii.
Answer: False
In France, the Neoclassical movement was primarily driven by French art students trained in Rome and influenced by Johann Joachim Winckelmann's writings, while the Grand Tour and Pompeii excavations were more pivotal in England.
The 'second neoclassic wave' associated with the First French Empire was characterized by a less severe and more ornamental style.
Answer: False
The 'second neoclassic wave' associated with the First French Empire was characterized by a more severe, studied, and consciously archaeological style, expressed in the Directoire and Empire styles.
The Adam brothers published 'The Works in Architecture' to simplify Rococo and Baroque styles, bringing a lighter feel to Georgian houses.
Answer: True
Robert and James Adam published 'The Works in Architecture' (1773-1779) to simplify Rococo and Baroque styles, introducing a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses through their neoclassical designs.
The 'Greek Revival' gained impetus around 1800, driven by a direct engagement with ancient Greek architectural forms through new etchings and engravings.
Answer: True
The 'Greek Revival' emerged around 1800, propelled by a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples disseminated through etchings and engravings, leading to a more direct engagement with ancient Greek forms.
The Society of Dilettanti's expedition in 1751 provided the first direct knowledge of Greek architecture to Western Europe.
Answer: True
The Society of Dilettanti's 1751 expedition, led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, provided crucial direct knowledge of Greek architecture, which was previously scarce in Western Europe.
James Stuart designed the first Greek building in England, the garden temple at Hagley Hall, after his return from Greece.
Answer: True
James Stuart, following his return from Greece, designed the garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758-59), which is recognized as the first Greek building in England.
Around 1800, Greek Revival architecture in Britain conveyed a sense of elaborate ornamentation and extravagance in public buildings.
Answer: False
Around 1800, Greek Revival architecture in Britain conveyed a new sense of sobriety and restraint in public buildings, reflecting prevailing nationalism and demands for political reform, rather than elaborate ornamentation.
Hugh Honour believed the Empire style represented the peak of the Neoclassical movement, embodying its high-minded ideals.
Answer: False
Art historian Hugh Honour believed the Empire style marked the rapid decline of the Neoclassical movement, transforming it into a mere antique revival lacking the high-minded ideals of earlier neoclassical masterpieces.
Ange-Jacques Gabriel's Petit Trianon is an example of the second phase of neoclassicism in France, characterized by the Empire style.
Answer: False
Ange-Jacques Gabriel's Petit Trianon is associated with the Louis XV style, representing the first phase of Neoclassicism in France, not the second phase or Empire style.
Marie Antoinette's influence helped popularize the 'Goût grec' (Greek style) at the French court, which became known as the Louis XVI style.
Answer: True
Marie Antoinette's influence was instrumental in popularizing the 'Goût grec' (Greek style) at the French court, which subsequently became known as the Louis XVI style after Louis XVI's accession.
The Greek Revival style was highly popular with both the state and the public in France, leading to significant transformations in its cities.
Answer: False
The Greek Revival style was never popular with either the state or the public in France, unlike in several other European cities.
Karl Friedrich Schinkel's functional style provided Berlin with a distinct neoclassical center despite the city's Baroque dominance.
Answer: True
Karl Friedrich Schinkel's functional style, exemplified by structures like the Altes Museum, provided Berlin with a distinct neoclassical center, overcoming the city's Baroque dominance.
James 'Athenian' Stuart's 'The Antiquities of Athens' helped shift British architecture towards a purer Greco-Roman ideal.
Answer: True
James 'Athenian' Stuart's 'The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece' was highly influential in shifting British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal.
Dublin is largely characterized by its Neoclassical and Georgian architecture, reflecting a refined form of neoclassicism in Ireland.
Answer: True
Dublin is largely characterized by its neoclassical and Georgian architecture, reflecting a refined and restrained form of neoclassicism that developed in Ireland.
The 'Athens Classical Trilogy' includes the Academy of Athens, the National Library of Greece, and the National and Capodistrian University of Athens, all designed by Theophil Hansen.
Answer: False
While the Academy of Athens and the National Library of Greece were designed by Theophil Hansen, the National and Capodistrian University of Athens was designed by his brother, Christian Hansen, making the statement incorrect that all were designed by Theophil Hansen.
Warsaw and Vilnius were the centers of Polish-Lithuanian Neoclassicism, flourishing under Stanisław August Poniatowski.
Answer: True
Warsaw and Vilnius were indeed the centers of Polish-Lithuanian Neoclassicism, which flourished under the rule of Stanisław August Poniatowski.
Vilnius University was a minor center for Neoclassical architecture, with limited influence on public buildings.
Answer: False
Vilnius University served as an important center of Neoclassical architecture in Europe, guiding its application to key public buildings in Vilnius, not a minor center with limited influence.
Catherine the Great adopted the Neoclassical style in the Russian Empire, making it prominent in Saint Petersburg through architects like Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe.
Answer: True
Catherine the Great adopted the Neoclassical style in the Russian Empire, making it prominent in Saint Petersburg through architects such as Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe, who constructed significant buildings like the Old Hermitage.
Juan de Villanueva's Museo del Prado uniquely combined an academy, an auditorium, and a museum, each with its own entrance.
Answer: True
Juan de Villanueva's Museo del Prado in Madrid uniquely combined the functions of an academy, an auditorium, and a museum, each with its own separate entrance.
The Petit Trianon in Versailles, France, was designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel and completed in 1764.
Answer: True
The Petit Trianon in Versailles, France, was designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel and completed in 1764.
The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin was built between 1788 and 1791 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Answer: False
The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin was built between 1788 and 1791 by Carl Gotthard Langhans, not Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in Paris was constructed between 1806 and 1808 by Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine.
Answer: True
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in Paris was indeed constructed between 1806 and 1808 by Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine.
The Panthéon in Paris was constructed between 1758 and 1790.
Answer: True
The Panthéon in Paris was constructed between 1758 and 1790.
What characterized the 'second neoclassic wave' associated with the First French Empire?
Answer: A more severe, studied, and consciously archaeological style.
The 'second neoclassic wave,' associated with the First French Empire, was characterized by a more severe, studied, and consciously archaeological style, expressed in the Directoire and Empire styles.
Who inaugurated a new phase in neoclassical design in Britain after traveling in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, publishing 'The Works in Architecture'?
Answer: Robert and James Adam
Robert and James Adam inaugurated a new phase in neoclassical design in Britain after their travels in the 1750s, publishing 'The Works in Architecture' (1773-1779).
What was the primary driver for the 'Greek Revival' that emerged around 1800?
Answer: A fresh influx of Greek architectural examples seen through etchings and engravings.
The 'Greek Revival' that emerged around 1800 was primarily driven by a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples disseminated through new etchings and engravings.
What was the significance of the Society of Dilettanti's expedition in 1751, led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett?
Answer: It provided the first crucial direct knowledge of Greek architecture to Western Europe.
The Society of Dilettanti's 1751 expedition, led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, provided the first crucial direct knowledge of Greek architecture to Western Europe through serious archaeological inquiry.
Which architect designed the first Greek building in England, the garden temple at Hagley Hall?
Answer: James Stuart
James Stuart designed the garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758-59), which is recognized as the first Greek building in England, after his return from Greece.
How did Greek Revival architecture in Britain around 1800 reflect broader social contexts?
Answer: It reflected a new sense of sobriety and restraint in public buildings.
Around 1800, Greek Revival architecture in Britain conveyed a new sense of sobriety and restraint in public buildings, reflecting the prevailing nationalism and demand for political reform.
Which architect's design for Downing College, Cambridge, established the Greek style as dominant in Britain?
Answer: William Wilkins
William Wilkins's design for Downing College, Cambridge, was instrumental in establishing the Greek style as dominant in Britain.
What was Hugh Honour's perspective on the Empire style in relation to the Neoclassical movement?
Answer: He viewed it as a transformation back into a mere antique revival, marking the movement's decline.
Art historian Hugh Honour viewed the Empire style as a transformation back into a mere antique revival, marking the rapid decline of the Neoclassical movement, rather than its peak.
Who designed the Petit Trianon, a notable work from the first phase of neoclassicism in France?
Answer: Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Ange-Jacques Gabriel designed the Petit Trianon, a notable work from the first phase of Neoclassicism in France, built between 1762 and 1768.
Which European country did NOT find the Greek Revival style popular with either the state or the public?
Answer: France
While popular in several European cities, the Greek Revival style was never popular with either the state or the public in France.
Who was a pivotal figure in German Neoclassical architecture, building structures like the Altes Museum in Berlin?
Answer: Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel was a pivotal figure in German Neoclassical architecture, designing notable structures such as the Altes Museum in Berlin.
Which work by James 'Athenian' Stuart was influential in shifting British architecture towards a purer Greco-Roman ideal?
Answer: 'The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece'
James 'Athenian' Stuart's 'The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece' was highly influential in shifting British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal.
Which city is largely characterized by its neoclassical and Georgian architecture, reflecting a refined form of neoclassicism in Ireland?
Answer: Dublin
Dublin is largely characterized by its neoclassical and Georgian architecture, reflecting a refined and restrained form of neoclassicism in Ireland.
Who designed the Academy of Athens and the National Library of Greece, which are part of the 'Athens Classical Trilogy'?
Answer: Theophil Hansen
Theophil Hansen designed both the Academy of Athens and the National Library of Greece, which are components of the 'Athens Classical Trilogy'.
Under whose rule did Polish-Lithuanian Neoclassicism flourish in centers like Warsaw and Vilnius?
Answer: Stanisław August Poniatowski
Polish-Lithuanian Neoclassicism flourished in centers like Warsaw and Vilnius under the rule of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last Polish king and Lithuanian grand duke.
Which institution served as an important center of Neoclassical architecture in Europe, guiding its application to key public buildings in Vilnius?
Answer: Vilnius University
Vilnius University served as an important center of Neoclassical architecture in Europe, guiding its application to key public buildings in Vilnius through its notable professors of architecture.
Who designed the Petit Trianon in Versailles, France, completed in 1764?
Answer: Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Ange-Jacques Gabriel designed the Petit Trianon in Versailles, France, which was completed in 1764.
The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany, was built between 1788 and 1791 by whom?
Answer: Carl Gotthard Langhans
The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany, was built between 1788 and 1791 by Carl Gotthard Langhans.
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in Paris was constructed between 1806 and 1808 by which architect?
Answer: Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
The Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel in Paris was constructed between 1806 and 1808 by Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine.
The Panthéon in Paris, France, was constructed between which years?
Answer: 1758 and 1790
The Panthéon in Paris, France, was constructed between 1758 and 1790.
Japan developed neoclassical architecture, including Shinto shrines based on Greek temples, which later evolved into the Imperial Crown Style.
Answer: True
Japan developed neoclassical architecture, including Shinto shrines based on Greek temples, which later evolved into the Imperial Crown Style, blending Eastern and Western design elements.
Neoclassical architecture became popular in Malta primarily during the final years of Hospitaller rule in the late 18th century and then declined under British rule.
Answer: False
Neoclassical architecture became particularly popular in Malta following the establishment of British rule in the early 19th century, rather than declining, as symbolized by the neoclassical portico on the Main Guard building.
The Academy of San Carlos in Colonial Mexico was established to train architects in neoclassicism, sometimes incorporating Aztec and Maya traditions.
Answer: True
The Academy of San Carlos in New Spain (Mexico) was established to train architects in Neoclassicism, emphasizing Greek and Roman architecture, and for some monuments, incorporating Aztec and Maya traditions.
Manuel Tolsá was the preeminent Neoclassical architect in Mexico during the post-independence era, leading its renewal.
Answer: False
Manuel Tolsá was the preeminent Neoclassical architect in Mexico during the colonial era. The renewal of Neoclassicism in independent Mexico occurred later, in the late 1860s, under Francesco Saverio Cavallari.
The construction of major neoclassical buildings in independent Mexico ceased due to economic turmoil and interruptions at the Academy of San Carlos.
Answer: True
Following Mexico's independence, the construction of major neoclassical buildings ceased due to interruptions in the Academy of San Carlos's operation and economic turmoil from the War of Independence and subsequent conflicts.
The Neoclassical style reached the American empires of Spain and Portugal exclusively through European architects trained in the metropolis.
Answer: False
The Neoclassical style reached the American empires of Spain and Portugal through projects designed in Europe or executed locally by European or Criollo architects, and it also adapted to local architectural languages, not exclusively through European architects.
Joaquín Toesca, an Italian architect, designed the La Moneda Palace and the Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral in Chile.
Answer: True
Joaquín Toesca, an Italian architect, was indeed responsible for designing the La Moneda Palace and the Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral in Chile.
After its independence, Argentina adopted the Classical canon with a significant influence from 17th-century French Classicism to convey state presence.
Answer: True
After its independence in 1810, Argentina adopted the Classical canon, influenced significantly by 17th-century French Classicism, to convey the presence and respect of the State.
In the Philippines, Neoclassical architecture became more popular and developed into a Beaux-Arts style under Spanish rule, symbolizing democracy.
Answer: False
In the Philippines, Neoclassical architecture became more popular and developed into a Beaux-Arts style under American rule, symbolizing democracy and the approaching republic during the commonwealth period, not under Spanish rule.
What unique architectural development occurred in Japan due to Western influence, blending Eastern and Western design elements?
Answer: The creation of the Imperial Crown Style, featuring distinctly Asian roofs.
Due to Western influence, Japan developed the Imperial Crown Style, which blended Eastern and Western design elements, notably featuring distinctly Asian roofs, as an evolution of its neoclassical architecture.
When did Neoclassical architecture become particularly popular in Malta, and what symbolized this popularity?
Answer: Following the establishment of British rule, symbolized by a neoclassical portico on the Main Guard building.
Neoclassical architecture became particularly popular in Malta following the establishment of British rule in the early 19th century, symbolized by the addition of a neoclassical portico to the Main Guard building in 1814.
Who was the preeminent Neoclassical architect in Mexico during the colonial era?
Answer: Manuel Tolsá
Manuel Tolsá was the preeminent Neoclassical architect in Mexico during the colonial era, making significant contributions to the style's development.
What factors led to a halt in major neoclassical building construction in independent Mexico?
Answer: Interruptions at the Academy of San Carlos and economic turmoil from wars.
Major neoclassical building construction in independent Mexico ceased due to interruptions in the Academy of San Carlos's operation and economic turmoil caused by the War of Independence and subsequent conflicts.
Which significant unfinished neoclassical building in Mexico was transformed into the Monumento a la Revolución?
Answer: Palacio Legislativo Federal
The planned Palacio Legislativo Federal, designed by Émile Bénard, was a significant unfinished neoclassical building in Mexico that was eventually transformed into the Monumento a la Revolución.
Who was Joaquín Toesca, and what were his contributions to Neoclassical architecture in Chile?
Answer: An Italian architect responsible for the La Moneda Palace and Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral.
Joaquín Toesca was an Italian architect responsible for two significant Neoclassical works in Chile: the La Moneda Palace and the Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral.
What was the approach to Neoclassical architecture in Argentina after its independence in 1810?
Answer: A classical predominance with significant influence from 17th-century French Classicism.
After its independence in 1810, Argentina adopted the Classical canon with a significant influence from 17th-century French Classicism to convey state presence and respect.
The Nova Scotia Legislature Building in Halifax, Canada, was completed in what year?
Answer: 1819
The Nova Scotia Legislature Building in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, was completed in 1819.
The rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 1760s led to a new, more authentic understanding of classical interiors, influencing Neoclassical design.
Answer: True
The rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 1760s significantly influenced Neoclassical interior design by providing a new understanding of genuine classical interiors, inspiring a more authentic Roman vocabulary.
Neoclassical interior design frequently used heavy, three-dimensional motifs and strong chiaroscuro contrasts.
Answer: False
Neoclassical interior design utilized flatter, lighter motifs, often in low frieze-like relief or painted *en camaïeu*, rather than heavy, three-dimensional motifs or strong chiaroscuro contrasts.
High neoclassicism influenced city planning by adopting a consolidated scheme with a grid system, central forum, and main boulevards, similar to ancient Roman practices.
Answer: True
High Neoclassicism significantly influenced city planning by adopting the consolidated scheme used by ancient Romans, incorporating a grid system, a central forum, and main boulevards for logical and orderly design.
How did the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum influence Neoclassical interior design in the 1760s?
Answer: They led to a new understanding of genuine classical interiors, inspiring authenticity.
The rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 1760s led to a new understanding of genuine classical interiors, inspiring Neoclassical designers to recreate a more authentic Roman interior vocabulary.
What specific technique was commonly employed in Neoclassical interior design to achieve an authentically Roman aesthetic?
Answer: Flatter, lighter motifs sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted *en camaïeu*.
Neoclassical interior design commonly employed flatter, lighter motifs, often sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted *en camaïeu*, to achieve an authentically Roman aesthetic.
Which of the following cities is cited as an exceptional example influenced by Neoclassical urban planning patterns?
Answer: Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. is cited as an exceptional modern planned city that incorporated Neoclassical urban planning patterns, including a grid system and central forum.
Thomas Jefferson's Monticello and the University of Virginia are examples of his neoclassical structures with personal innovations.
Answer: True
Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, the Virginia State Capitol, and the University of Virginia are indeed examples of his neoclassical structures incorporating his personal innovations.
Federal architecture in the United States was a local adaptation of Robert Adam's neoclassical manner, while Greek Revival strictly adhered to the Greek idiom.
Answer: True
Federal architecture in the United States was a local adaptation of Robert Adam's neoclassical manner, while Greek Revival architecture, a distinct 19th-century style, strictly adhered to the Greek idiom.
Who was considered a pioneer of Federal architecture in the United States and designed the Baltimore Basilica?
Answer: Benjamin Henry Latrobe
Benjamin Henry Latrobe, an English-born architect, is considered a pioneer of Federal architecture in the United States and designed the Baltimore Basilica.
What is the key distinction between Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture in the United States?
Answer: Federal architecture was a local adaptation of Robert Adam's style, while Greek Revival strictly adhered to the Greek idiom.
Federal architecture was a local adaptation of Robert Adam's neoclassical manner, while Greek Revival architecture, a distinct 19th-century style, strictly adhered to the Greek idiom.