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New media technologies are primarily characterized by their capacity to facilitate a "one-to-many" communication model, mirroring traditional mass media.
Answer: False
New media technologies are primarily characterized by their capacity to facilitate interaction and a "many-to-many" communication model, diverging from the "one-to-many" model of traditional mass media.
Lev Manovich posits that new media are fundamentally characterized by their nature as digital data, subject to manipulation by software.
Answer: True
Lev Manovich's foundational concept is that new media are fundamentally digital data controlled by software, enabling manipulation and multiple versions.
Marshall McLuhan's concept, "the medium is the message," is considered less relevant in new media theory due to the increased emphasis on interactive content.
Answer: False
Marshall McLuhan's concept, "the medium is the message," remains highly relevant in new media theory, as the communication technology itself significantly influences human experience and societal structures.
Broadcast television programs and feature films are generally classified as new media, irrespective of their degree of interactivity.
Answer: False
Broadcast television programs and feature films are generally not classified as new media unless they incorporate digital generative or interactive processes.
W. Russell Neuman predicted that new media would decrease the speed of communication and limit opportunities for interactivity.
Answer: False
W. Russell Neuman predicted that new media would significantly increase the speed and volume of communication and provide greater opportunities for interactivity.
Lev Manovich's proposition that new media are "digital data controlled by software" implies that media objects are inherently fixed and can only exist in a single version.
Answer: False
The proposition that new media are "digital data controlled by software" implies the opposite: that media objects can be easily manipulated and exist in multiple versions.
Lev Manovich defines "cyberculture" as the broad category of cultural objects employing digital computer technology for distribution, whereas "new media" refers specifically to social phenomena tied to the internet.
Answer: False
Lev Manovich defines "new media" as cultural objects employing digital computer technology for distribution, while "cyberculture" refers to social phenomena tied to the internet.
Ronald E. Rice's 1984 definition of new media focused solely on the transmission of information from a single source to multiple users.
Answer: False
Ronald E. Rice's 1984 definition emphasized user-to-user interactivity and interactivity between a user and information, challenging the single-source, multiple-user model.
Vin Crosbie classifies new media under the category of "mass media," characterized by a "one-to-many" communication model.
Answer: False
Vin Crosbie classifies new media as "individuation" media or "many to many," distinct from the "one to many" model of mass media.
GIFs are described by Miltner and Highfield as "monosemic," meaning they typically convey a single, unambiguous meaning.
Answer: False
Miltner and Highfield describe GIFs as "polysemic," indicating they convey multiple meanings and are useful for emotional expression.
Terry Flew and Frances Cairncross argue that new media have led to the "death of distance," rendering geographical location irrelevant for social relationships.
Answer: True
Terry Flew and Frances Cairncross articulate the "death of distance" concept, asserting that new media significantly reduce the importance of geographical separation for social connections.
Virtual communities are defined as groups that are strictly limited by geographical boundaries and physical proximity.
Answer: False
Virtual communities are defined by their transcendence of geographical boundaries, enabling interaction and relationship formation irrespective of physical location.
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes new media from traditional mass media, as presented in the source material?
Answer: Their facilitation of user interaction and many-to-many communication.
The primary distinguishing characteristic of new media is their capacity to facilitate user interaction and a "many-to-many" communication model, contrasting with the "one-to-many" model of traditional mass media.
In what period did the term "new media" begin to gain widespread usage, often associated with interactive CD-ROMs?
Answer: In the mid-1990s.
The term "new media" gained widespread usage in the mid-1990s, initially associated with interactive CD-ROMs used for entertainment and education.
According to Lev Manovich, what fundamental characteristic defines new media, enabling manipulation and the existence of multiple versions?
Answer: Their nature as digital data controlled by software.
Lev Manovich's foundational concept is that new media are digital data controlled by software. This characteristic is crucial as it allows for the manipulation of media objects and the generation of multiple versions from a single source.
Which of the following media forms would typically *not* be classified as new media, according to the provided text?
Answer: A standard feature film shown in cinemas.
Standard feature films shown in cinemas, broadcast television programs, and non-interactive news websites are generally not classified as new media unless they incorporate digital generative or interactive processes.
W. Russell Neuman predicted that new media would significantly alter communication by:
Answer: Diminishing the importance of geographic distance and increasing communication speed.
W. Russell Neuman predicted that new media would diminish the importance of geographic distance, increase communication speed and volume, and enhance interactivity.
According to Manovich, what is the key distinction between "cyberculture" and "new media"?
Answer: Cyberculture encompasses social phenomena tied to the internet, while new media refers to cultural objects using digital technology.
Lev Manovich differentiates "cyberculture" as social phenomena tied to the internet, while "new media" broadly refers to cultural objects and paradigms employing digital computer technology for distribution.
Vin Crosbie's classification places new media into which category?
Answer: Individuation media ("many to many")
Vin Crosbie classifies new media as "individuation" media, characterized by a "many to many" communication model.
Miltner and Highfield describe GIFs as "polysemic." What does this term mean in their analysis?
Answer: They represent multiple meanings and are useful for conveying emotion.
Miltner and Highfield use the term "polysemic" to describe GIFs, indicating they carry multiple meanings within cultures and are effective for conveying emotions and fostering affective connections.
The concept of the "death of distance," as described by Frances Cairncross, relates to how new media:
Answer: Makes geographical separation less significant for social relationships and communication.
The "death of distance" concept posits that new media technologies reduce the significance of geographical separation, enabling global communication and connection that transcends physical boundaries.
Alan Kay and his colleagues at Xerox PARC were instrumental in the 1950s for developing personal computing concepts.
Answer: False
Alan Kay and his colleagues at Xerox PARC were instrumental in the 1980s, not the 1950s, for developing personal computing concepts.
The Cold War and the design of the World Wide Web are causally linked, with the former directly influencing the latter's architecture.
Answer: False
While occurring during the same period, the Cold War and the design of the World Wide Web are not causally linked; their coincidence suggests a conceptual parallel in societal and technological shifts.
According to the text, Douglas Kellner and James Bohman argue that new media primarily empower a few transnational corporations with unprecedented global influence.
Answer: False
The source material indicates that Douglas Kellner and James Bohman view new media as offering potential for a democratic public sphere. The perspective attributing unprecedented global influence to a few transnational corporations is associated with Edward S. Herman and Robert McChesney.
Displacement theory posits that the consumption of new media, such as the internet, leads to increased engagement with traditional media forms.
Answer: False
Displacement theory suggests that the consumption of new media leads to a decrease in time spent on traditional media forms.
Manuel Castells' concept of "soft determinism" posits that technology exclusively dictates the direction of societal change.
Answer: False
Manuel Castells' concept of "soft determinism" posits that societal change results from a complex interaction between technology, societal factors, and human inventiveness, rather than technology exclusively dictating outcomes.
Manovich and Castells argue that new media align with the industrial society's logic of valuing conformity and uniformity.
Answer: False
Manovich and Castells argue that traditional mass media align with industrial logic (conformity), whereas new media follow post-industrial logic, emphasizing customization and individual choice.
Daniel Miller and Don Slater's studies in Trinidad suggested that internet culture completely replaced local identity and geographic connections for users.
Answer: False
Daniel Miller and Don Slater's studies indicated that internet culture coexisted with, rather than replaced, local identity and geographic connections in Trinidad.
Which pair of scholars, as presented in the text, argues that new media empower a few dominant transnational corporations?
Answer: Edward S. Herman and Robert McChesney
Edward S. Herman and Robert McChesney argue that the transition to new media has empowered a few transnational telecommunications corporations with unprecedented global influence.
What does "displacement theory" suggest regarding the relationship between new and traditional media consumption?
Answer: Traditional media consumption decreases as time spent on new media increases.
Displacement theory posits that the consumption of new media reduces the time spent on traditional media, potentially leading to the decline of older forms.
Manuel Castells' theory of "soft determinism" suggests that societal change is a result of:
Answer: A complex interaction between technology, inventiveness, and societal factors.
Manuel Castells' theory of "soft determinism" posits that societal change arises from a complex interplay between technology, societal factors, and human inventiveness, rather than technology being the sole determinant.
How do Manovich and Castells contrast the logic of mass media with that of new media concerning societal structure?
Answer: Mass media follows industrial logic (conformity), while new media follows post-industrial logic (customization).
Manovich and Castells contrast mass media's alignment with industrial logic (conformity) with new media's alignment with post-industrial logic, characterized by customization and individual choice.
Studies by Daniel Miller and Don Slater in Trinidad revealed that online culture:
Answer: Existed alongside, but did not eliminate, local and national identity.
Studies by Daniel Miller and Don Slater in Trinidad indicated that online culture coexisted with, rather than supplanted, local and national identities and geographic connections.
What concern related to national security is mentioned in the text concerning new media?
Answer: It can be used to erode national values and compromise security through "peaceful evolution."
A concern related to national security is that new media can be utilized to erode national values and compromise security through "peaceful evolution," and that platforms like social media facilitate the collection of personal information by espionage communities.
Lev Manovich posits that new media are disconnected from historical artistic movements, representing a complete break from past avant-garde ideas.
Answer: False
Lev Manovich suggests that new media encode modernist avant-garde ideas, particularly concerning information access and manipulation, rather than representing a complete break.
"Griefing" in virtual communities such as Second Life refers to constructive collaboration between users to build shared virtual spaces.
Answer: False
"Griefing" in virtual communities like Second Life refers to intentionally disrupting or upsetting another user's experience, not constructive collaboration.
Social movements have historically avoided using new media for organizing and communication due to its perceived unreliability.
Answer: False
Social movements have extensively utilized new media for organizing, communication, and coalition building, despite some scholarly skepticism regarding its effectiveness and accessibility.
Indymedia emerged as a tool to reinforce dominant media narratives and consolidate corporate control over information.
Answer: False
Indymedia emerged as a tool for the democratization of information and citizen journalism, challenging dominant media narratives.
Skepticism regarding new media in social movements primarily focuses on the potential for *too much* democratic access, overwhelming established leaders.
Answer: False
Skepticism regarding new media in social movements often highlights issues of unequal access and questions the extent of its democratic utility, rather than focusing on overwhelming democratic access.
The Ice Bucket Challenge utilized social media platforms primarily for direct, one-on-one communication between organizers and participants.
Answer: False
The Ice Bucket Challenge leveraged social media for viral spread through nominations and tagging, facilitating broad, multi-directional communication rather than solely one-on-one interaction.
Ryan Milner suggests that internet memes can function as a tool for social change by making serious conversations less tense while still conveying the situation effectively.
Answer: True
Ryan Milner posits that internet memes can serve as a tool for social change by mitigating tension in serious discussions while effectively communicating complex situations.
The music industry initially embraced digital technologies like MP3s and streaming services as beneficial replacements for physical media.
Answer: False
The music industry initially resisted digital technologies like MP3s and streaming services, facing challenges from piracy before eventually adapting to these formats.
Electronic literature, or "New Media literature," typically requires passive consumption and does not involve reader participation.
Answer: False
Electronic literature, or "New Media literature," is characterized by its requirement for active reader participation, leveraging new media practices and affordances.
Terry Flew argues that the global interactive games industry is a minor player in the field of new media innovation.
Answer: False
Terry Flew argues that the global interactive games industry is a substantial and significant player at the forefront of many innovations within new media.
New media platforms such as Second Life are seen as potentially harmful because they completely disconnect users from real-world experiences and relationships.
Answer: False
New media platforms like Second Life are described as creating virtual realities that can serve as extensions of the real world, allowing users to establish relationships and a sense of belonging, rather than completely disconnecting them.
How does Lev Manovich connect new media to modernist avant-garde movements?
Answer: He suggests new media encodes modernist avant-garde ideas, focusing on information access and manipulation.
Lev Manovich suggests that new media encode modernist avant-garde ideas, particularly those related to new ways of accessing and manipulating information, recoding them into a postmodern aesthetic.
What does the term "griefing" refer to in the context of virtual communities like Second Life?
Answer: Intentionally disrupting or upsetting another user's experience.
"Griefing" in virtual communities like Second Life denotes the act of intentionally disrupting or upsetting another user's experience within the virtual environment.
How have social movements, such as the Zapatistas, utilized new media according to the text?
Answer: For communiques, organizing, education, coalition building, and alternative media.
Social movements, exemplified by the Zapatistas and WTO protests, have utilized new media for communiques, organizing, education, coalition building, and as alternative media sources.
What role did "Indymedia" play in the context of information dissemination?
Answer: It acted as a tool for the democratization of information and citizen journalism.
Indymedia emerged as a tool for democratizing information and fostering citizen journalism, challenging dominant media narratives.
What are some of the criticisms or skeptical views regarding the role of new media in social movements?
Answer: Unequal access to technology, potentially marginalizing some participants.
Criticisms of new media in social movements often highlight unequal access to technology as a potential hindrance and point to questions about its overall democratic utility.
How did the Ice Bucket Challenge effectively leverage new media for social change and fundraising?
Answer: Through a viral spread mechanism using social media nominations and tagging.
The Ice Bucket Challenge utilized social media platforms for viral spread via nominations and tagging, effectively raising awareness and funds for ALS research.
According to Ryan Milner, how can internet memes function as a tool for social change?
Answer: Making serious conversations less tense while still conveying meaning effectively.
Ryan Milner suggests that internet memes can function as a tool for social change by reducing tension in serious discussions while effectively conveying meaning, representing a form of "pop polyvocality."
How has the music industry been transformed by new media technologies, from its early formats to contemporary streaming services?
Answer: All of the above.
The music industry has undergone significant transformation due to new media, encompassing initial resistance to digital formats, challenges from piracy like Napster, and eventual adaptation to streaming services.
What defines "electronic literature," often referred to as "New Media literature"?
Answer: Works based on new media practices that require active reader participation.
Electronic literature, or "New Media literature," comprises literary works that necessitate active reader participation and are fundamentally based on new media practices and affordances.
According to Terry Flew, what is the significance of the global interactive games industry within the landscape of new media?
Answer: Is at the forefront of many significant innovations in new media.
Terry Flew posits that the global interactive games industry is substantial and growing, positioning it at the forefront of numerous significant innovations within new media.
What trends did the Kaiser Family Foundation study reveal concerning young people's media consumption?
Answer: Media multitasking.
The Kaiser Family Foundation study revealed that young people were spending significant time with entertainment media, often engaging in media multitasking.
How has new media impacted political campaigning in the United States, particularly since the 2008 election cycle?
Answer: Campaigns develop targeted messages and use digital strategies for voter outreach.
Since the 2008 election cycle, new media has significantly impacted political campaigning by enabling campaigns to develop targeted messages, employ digital outreach strategies, and engage voters through various online platforms.
According to Taewoo Nam's research, what dual role does the internet play in political participation?
Answer: It acts as both a mobilizer for the uninvolved and a reinforcer for the already active.
Taewoo Nam's research indicates that the internet serves a dual role in political participation: it mobilizes individuals who are typically uninvolved and reinforces the engagement of those already politically active.
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